CN1314796A - 牙线 - Google Patents
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- CN1314796A CN1314796A CN99810050A CN99810050A CN1314796A CN 1314796 A CN1314796 A CN 1314796A CN 99810050 A CN99810050 A CN 99810050A CN 99810050 A CN99810050 A CN 99810050A CN 1314796 A CN1314796 A CN 1314796A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61C15/00—Devices for cleaning between the teeth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C15/00—Devices for cleaning between the teeth
- A61C15/04—Dental floss; Floss holders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
Abstract
本发明牙线由一种卷曲变形纱组成,该卷曲变形纱被水溶性聚合物和固化了的固定水溶性聚合物涂层涂布和浸透,这期间此纱线被拉伸并处于拉紧状态。由于被拉伸和拉紧时变细,故该纱线易于插入牙齿间。该牙线呈纤度变窄的状态缠绕在线轴上。使用时,可从线轴上拉出一定长度纱线并放置在牙齿之间。口中的唾液溶解被固化了和固定的水溶性聚合物、同时牙线扩张填充在牙齿之间的缝隙中。该牙线可选择地用调味剂、药剂和其它物质涂布。它们可以是合成的或天然存在的物质,例如草本物质。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有相对窄小的初始截面的卷曲牙线。更具体地说本发明涉及一种直至使用均保持未膨胀且相对窄小的截面的卷曲牙线,使用期间,它扩张至膨胀且相对厚的截面。
发明背景
卷曲牙线为具有较大的牙齿间隙以及具有齿桥和各种假牙的人所使用。该卷曲牙线具有较大的直径、且在从较大的牙齿间隙、从齿桥下和从各种假牙修复术周围清除食物残渣和其它物质时更为有效。该牙线的较大直径和纤维性性质提供了良好的清洁作用。这些卷曲牙线在许多情况下与常见的复丝牙线和带式牙线配合使用。这种丝状和带式牙线可用于清除较紧密的牙齿间隙之间的食物残渣和其它物质。使用两种牙线可在刷牙前较好地清除所有牙齿间隙、桥托牙和其它牙齿假体。采用抗斑、防牙石、抗菌作用或其它洁牙剂来刷牙是口腔护理的有效方式。
卷曲牙线的现有水平可通过美国专利4,008,727、美国专利4,277,297和美国专利3,896,824中所述的卷曲牙线和制备这些牙线的方法得到例证。在美国专利4,008,727中,公开了一种具有断续的卷曲部分和弦线部分的卷曲牙线。在美国专利3,896,827中公开了一种相似的卷曲牙线。这种卷曲牙线具有卷曲部分和弦线部分。这些专利均公开了一种造成选择性使用张力卷曲和非卷曲部分的涂布方法。在美国专利4,227,297中进一步描述了这种具有卷曲部分和非卷曲部分的卷曲牙线的制备方法。
各种固定纤度的这些现有技术卷曲牙线均有供应。但是,由于在卷曲物质、断续长丝和卷曲部分上有涂层,总的来说此牙线非常坚硬。这些卷曲牙线可以是连续线或是不同长度的线,通常呈不同长度。弦线部分是坚硬的直径窄小部分。该卷曲牙线部分具有较大的直径部分、且是一种毛刷样部分。对每种牙线尺寸,该卷曲部分的纤度规定在窄范围内。但是,需要一种在使用过程中纤度随张力而改变的卷曲牙线。于是这种牙线可用于大范围的牙齿间隙。
初始截面相对窄小的牙线可适合于窄小的牙齿间隙。当牙线上的水溶性涂层溶解时,该牙线的长度将缩短至更松弛的状态且截面面积增加。由于与牙齿间隙中的牙齿表面接触面较大,这有助于牙线剔牙(flossing)。这提供了一种易于插入紧密的牙齿间隙的卷曲牙线,在插线操作过程中,该牙线扩张充满牙齿间隙以增强牙线剔牙效果。
本发明的简单摘要
本发明的卷曲牙线是一种具有减缩直径的卷曲牙线,但是在剔牙过程中,直径增大以更好地充满和清洁较大的牙齿间隙。该牙线具有水溶性涂层,该涂层与唾液接触后便立即溶解并使卷曲牙线扩张至大约为拉伸和涂布前的直径。
该卷曲牙线是由一种纱线制成的,它包括多束长丝。有时也将这叫做捆。在每一长丝束中可以是20根或更多根长丝。通过强迫空气、机械或加热处理使这些长丝卷曲而形成线圈、曲线、捻线、卷曲线和/或环线。这些纱线具有可被拉伸的特性、因而在张力下截面减少。这些纱线可仅仅用水溶性聚合物涂布,或者首先可用一种非水溶性聚合物涂布以结合纤维在适当位置、从而防止用作牙线期间掉碎渣、然后用水溶性聚合物涂布。当仅仅用水溶性聚合物涂布时,涂层应符合充分结合纤维的需要以防止掉碎渣,该涂层也要使纱线保持被涂布和固化时的拉伸状态。当纱线处于拉伸状态时施涂该涂层。固化前将涂层压延以使聚合物流入纱线纤维。当首先用非水溶性聚合物涂布时,优选在纱线处于最小张力下涂布和固化这种涂层。这样保存了纱线的拉伸性能。固化后,用水溶性涂层涂布该牙线,压延这种涂布纱线使聚合物流入纤维中,然后在牙线处于拉伸状态时固化这种水溶性聚合物。
每种情况均获得具有减缩直径的卷曲牙线。这种减缩直径的牙线可以很容易地插入紧密的牙齿间隙中。在使用过程中,水溶性涂层溶解的同时伴随着牙线直径增大、而牙线上的张力降低。松弛的牙线于是充满间隙并更好地清除牙齿间的菌斑和食物。
用水溶性聚合物涂布纱线之前或其过程中,可以加入添加剂例如调味剂、着色剂和/或药剂。结果是最终固化后得到含这种调味剂、着色剂和/或药剂的卷曲牙线。调味剂包括薄荷油、留兰香、桂皮和水果香料。药剂包括氟化物、脱敏剂、抗斑剂、防牙石剂、抗菌剂、防腐剂、促凝剂和其它药剂。该牙线优选含有调味剂和药剂。用水溶性涂层涂布纱线和固化此涂层之后,可以用诸如蜡之类的涂层涂布此纱线以改善纱线用作牙线的使用。本发明的详细说明
被用作牙线的纱线是一种特殊的纱线。它由多束长丝组成。有时也将这叫做捆。在每一长丝束中可以是可能20根或更多根长丝。通过强制空气、机械或加热处理使这些长丝卷曲而形成线圈、曲线、捻线、卷曲线和/或环线。这些纱线具有可被拉伸的特性、以便纱线处在张力下截面直径减小。当不处于张力下时,纱线会充分地回复到其初始长度和截面直径。这与纱线上的不规则蜂巢状表面结合导致纱线成为一种有效的牙线。该牙线可被拉紧以减少其直径、从而有利于将纱线置于人的牙齿之间,然后松开以增大直径用作牙线。这样可从紧密的空隙中清除食物残渣和其它物质。
纱线由约4-10束长丝组成,优选6束。纱线静止时的截面直径约10mm-40mm,优选约15mm-30mm。总的来说,纱线近似圆形截面。拉伸时,纱线的截面直径可大约降低至其未拉紧直径的10%。当拉紧时,其长度可大约增至其初始未拉紧长度的150%。这些均是纱线用作牙线时的有用性质。当拉紧时牙线可插入牙齿间隙、并且当其为松弛的、截面直径增加的形式时可用于清除食物残渣。
纱线不能直接用作牙线。纱线有脱落部分长丝的倾向。如果纱线直接用作牙线,则有部分纱线会留在牙齿中间。这是令人讨厌的、也是正在使用牙线的人所不能接受的。因此,用一涂层涂布纱线以使长丝线被锁定/结合/交络在纱线中。涂层优选为可使纱线的长丝润湿的基本水溶性聚合物、并且通过溶剂蒸发或其它聚合作用使其固化。在可供选择的方法中,也可使用非水溶性聚合物作为第一涂层、然后用水溶性聚合物涂布。当首先用非水溶性聚合物涂布时,纱线应在有小至无张力下进行这种涂布和随后的固化,如1996年5月15日提交的美国申请08/648,332号中所述,使用刚好足够的张力使纱线穿过涂布工序,通过加热蒸发溶剂固定被溶剂蒸发而固定的聚合物。该溶剂可以是水或有机溶剂。无论如何,最终结果是得到含被固定在纱线结构中的长丝的牙线。但是,该纱线保留了其上面所列出的原有特性。它是可拉伸的。在张力下被涂布的纱线可获得大约为静止时的10%的截面直径。并且与没有张力的纱线相比,被涂布的纱线可拉伸至其长度的150%以上。
如上所讨论的,可以用聚合物对纱线预处理以使纱线的长丝锁定/结合/交络在一起。在这种情况下,可以用一系列聚合物进行预处理。它们可以是水溶性聚合物或不溶于水的聚合物。当将纱线进行这种预处理时,尽可能保持纱线的原来截面。随后,当纱线处于极小张力或无张力时,用聚合物涂布纱线、并且聚合物在纱线上被固化。纱线上的仅有张力是使纱线从聚合物涂布浴拉过所需要的张力。优选当纱线在其自身重量下独自向下移动时进行固化。即是说,仅有张力是重力。当纱线用作牙线时,这种预处理可防止纱线掉毛。
在主要的处理步骤中,用水溶性聚合物涂布未处理的或预处理了的纱线、同时纱线保持在一种张力下以显著降低纱线的截面面积。该张力应可使截面面积降低约90%、纱线延长至其原始长度的150%以上。当在此张力时对纱线进行涂布、压延和固化。该涂布可采用浸渍,即通过使纱线经过聚合物浴、滚筒涂布或喷雾涂布。优选的工艺是将拉紧的纱线浸渍在聚合物浴中。另外涂布可分成一个或多个步骤实施。优选两步法、其中每一步中纱线处于张力下。这种优选的方法由以下组成:第一聚合物溶液涂布、然后是采用调味剂和/或药剂溶液的第二涂布。但是第一聚合物涂布可以包含调味剂和/或药剂。
涂布后可通过从夹辊辊隙经过而清除过量的聚合物。然后纱线经过压延系统以将聚合物浸入到拉紧的纱线中。第二步涂布后优选单一压延。但是每一涂布步骤后可以压延。被涂布和压延的纱线然后经过固化站,通常是一种溶剂清除站。该溶剂通常为水但也可以是有机溶剂或水/有机溶剂混合物。采用溶剂清除或其它聚合技术使涂层固化后,将被涂布的纱线(现在是牙线)缠绕在线轴上。这些线轴可以是较大的专业用线轴或者是较小的个人使用的线轴。在缠绕在线轴上之前和在纱线上固化水溶性聚合物涂层之后,可用诸如蜡之类的物质涂布纱线以增强其作为牙线的使用性。
如已所述的,在第一步和第二步中涂布溶液可以是调味剂和各种药剂,它们可以是单独使用和以各种组合的形式使用。调味剂包括桉树油、薄荷油、冬绿树油、留兰香油、茶树油、洋苏草油、桂皮和水果调料例如橙子、柠檬和草本物质。药剂包括氟化物、脱敏剂、抗斑剂、防牙石剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗原生动物剂、防腐剂和促凝剂。各种药剂可以是合成的或天然存在的。有许多具有药物特性的天然存在的物质。这些天然存在的物质包括春黄菊酊、没药酊、库拉索芦荟、烟碱、血根草、白屈菜赤碱和苯并菲啶生物碱。
调味剂和/或药剂在水溶性聚合物溶液(通常是水溶液)中增溶或乳化。优选下列方法将其用于纱线,即通过将纱线浸渍在溶液中、压延以使聚合物和其它涂布成份浸入到纱线中、并通过去除水或水/有机溶剂固化纱线。涂布可在一个或多个步骤中实施。优选在两步中进行。该纱线含有重量约20%-约60%的固化聚合物溶液以及调味剂和/或药剂,优选重量约30%-约50%的固化聚合物溶液以及调味剂和/或药剂。固化了的水溶性聚合物在纱线中的重量含量约为5%-12%。如果存在预处理聚合物的含量,则该含量应加到固化了的水溶性聚合物含量上。
有用的预处理聚合物包括聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酰胺例如尼龙、乙烯醇均聚物和共聚物、乙烯基乙酸酯均聚物和共聚物。各种聚氨酯可以被紫外线固化。有用的基于溶剂的聚合物包括乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、乙烯醇共聚物和溶于水、乙醇、或乙醇/水混合物中的尼龙。当溶剂被蒸发时,聚合物开始使长丝锁定于纱线中,而纱线则锁定在聚合物已固化的断面结构中。
适合的水溶性聚合物包括乙烯醇聚合物和共聚物、乙烯基乙酸酯聚合物和共聚物以及乙烯基乙酸酯/乙烯共聚物的共聚物。水溶性聚合物涂布到纱线上,从而约占纱线的3%-15%。如已所述的,可通过浸渍在浴中、经过一种涂布滚筒、经过两个涂布滚筒和用水溶性聚合物喷雾来施加涂层。
在使用中,从线轴的残余部份截下牙线的一部分、并用作牙线。由于水溶性聚合物溶解、使用过程中牙线直径将增加约3-10倍。该牙线易于穿入紧密的牙齿间隙,并且使用过程直径增加以充满牙齿间隙。这样可更好地清除食物和其它残渣。
参考下面的实施例对本发明进行更详细的描述。
实施例1
用含有下列浓度的成份的涂布制剂涂布具有948、34旦的尼龙66两根合股聚酰胺卷曲变形纱(DuPont Merge 697):
成份 | Wt% |
聚乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物(Airflex400) | 20.5 |
Cremephor RH40(氢化蓖麻油) | 4.0 |
木糖醇 | 2.0 |
糖精钠 | 0.15 |
春黄菊酊 | 0.475 |
没药酊 | 0.95 |
聚乙二醇6000 | 23.025 |
聚乙二醇400 | 6.0 |
洋苏草油 | 0.19 |
茶树油 | 0.285 |
Flavor Sorriso Herbal KB-8112-1-11 | 19.0 |
三乙酸甘油酯(甘油三乙酸酯) | 1.5 |
水 | 至100% |
将具有较大截面直径的纱线拉紧至直径减小并拉紧通过两阶段涂布浴。第一个浴包括聚合物、(55%乳剂的PVA/E共聚物)、cremophor、木糖醇、糖精钠、春黄菊酊和没药酊以及约等量的水。第二步包含PEG 6000、PEG 400、草本调味剂、洋苏草油、茶树油和三乙酸甘油酯。第二阶段涂层不包含任何水。将涂布后的纱线经过固化炉以去除溶剂,该溶剂主要为水。将固化炉保持在一定温度以去除溶剂水。根据固化炉的温度的不同,被涂布的纱线在固化炉中所停留的时间约为4-60秒。
成品卷曲变形纱牙线含有下列浓度的成份:
成份 | 每米测量的成品的% |
尼龙半卷曲原纱线 | 61.728 |
聚乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物 | 7.385 |
Cremephor RH40(氢化蓖麻油) | 2.620 |
木糖醇 | 1.310 |
糖精钠 | 0.098 |
春黄菊酊 | 0.311 |
没药酊 | 0.622 |
聚乙二醇6000 | 11.939 |
聚乙二醇400 | 3.111 |
洋苏草油 | 0.099 |
茶树油 | 0.148 |
Flavor Sorriso Herbal KB-8112-1-11 | 9.851 |
三乙酸甘油酯(甘油三乙酸酯) | 0.778 |
总数 | 100.0 |
该牙线易于穿入并通过各种大小的牙齿间隙。在牙线剔牙过程中,口中的水分溶解了部分水溶性聚合物、牙线扩张以充满被牙线剔牙的牙齿间隙。
Claims (14)
1.一种制造卷曲牙线的方法,包括:
a)在用水溶性聚合物涂布纱线的至少一个步骤中,在第一步涂布中用上述水溶性聚合物涂布卷曲变形纱;
b)将上述涂布纱线通过一种设备以去除过量的水溶性聚合物涂层并使水溶性聚合物流入上述涂布的纱线中;
c)通过去除水和固定水溶性聚合物固化上述水溶性聚合物,这期间拉伸纱线至其松弛状态的125%从而使上述纱线处于拉紧状态;和
d)在第二步涂布中用其它物质涂布上述被固化的卷曲变形纱以增强被固化的卷曲变形纱用作牙线的使用性能。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲变形纱在松弛时纤度约10mm-约40mm,在约大于10g的张力时纤度约1mm-约4mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的水溶性聚合物是选自乙烯基乙酸酯和乙烯醇的均聚物和共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的水溶性聚合组合物包含至少一种调味剂和一种药剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲牙线含有占所述卷曲牙线总重量约20%-约60%的水溶性聚合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲牙线的涂层重量约为30%-约50%。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述药剂为天然存在的药剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲变形纱是通过拉伸纱线约至其松弛强度的125%而使其拉紧的同时,用水溶性聚合组合物涂布所述的卷曲变形纱。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲变形纱在松弛时纤度约10mm-约40mm,在大于约10g的张力时纤度约0.1mm-约4mm。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述水溶性聚合物是选自乙烯基乙酸酯和乙烯醇的均聚物和共聚物。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中在固化上述卷曲变形纱上的涂层的步骤(c)之前、用选自药剂、着色剂和调味剂的物质涂布此卷曲变形纱。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述药剂是选自氟化物、脱敏剂、抗斑剂、防牙石剂、抗菌剂、防腐剂和促凝剂。
13.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中在步骤(d)中,用蜡涂布所述的卷曲变形纱。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述的蜡是从熔化的石蜡浴施涂上去的。
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- 1999-08-31 WO PCT/BR1999/000071 patent/WO2000012024A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-31 NZ NZ510106A patent/NZ510106A/xx unknown
- 1999-08-31 DE DE69912619T patent/DE69912619T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-31 PL PL99346409A patent/PL346409A1/xx unknown
- 1999-08-31 CN CN99810050A patent/CN1314796A/zh active Pending
- 1999-08-31 AR ARP990104375A patent/AR021783A1/es unknown
- 1999-08-31 CA CA002342234A patent/CA2342234A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-31 KR KR1020017002553A patent/KR20010085685A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-31 CO CO99054841A patent/CO5100933A1/es unknown
- 1999-08-31 AT AT99947134T patent/ATE253331T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-31 DK DK99947134T patent/DK1109509T3/da active
- 1999-08-31 TR TR2001/00653T patent/TR200100653T2/xx unknown
- 1999-08-31 MX MXPA01002246A patent/MXPA01002246A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-31 EP EP99947134A patent/EP1109509B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-28 NO NO20011040A patent/NO20011040L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-28 ZA ZA200101677A patent/ZA200101677B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TR200100653T2 (tr) | 2001-07-23 |
CA2342234A1 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
IL141745A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
EP1109509B1 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
JP2002523176A (ja) | 2002-07-30 |
EP1109509A1 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
KR20010085685A (ko) | 2001-09-07 |
NO20011040D0 (no) | 2001-02-28 |
AR021783A1 (es) | 2002-08-07 |
AU755841B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
CO5100933A1 (es) | 2001-11-27 |
ZA200101677B (en) | 2002-05-28 |
PL346409A1 (en) | 2002-02-11 |
DE69912619T2 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
ATE253331T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
RU2225704C2 (ru) | 2004-03-20 |
BR9913294A (pt) | 2001-05-15 |
NO20011040L (no) | 2001-02-28 |
NZ510106A (en) | 2003-03-28 |
US6123982A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
WO2000012024A1 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
MXPA01002246A (es) | 2002-05-08 |
AU6072399A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
DE69912619D1 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
DK1109509T3 (da) | 2004-03-08 |
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