CN1310260A - 用于进行充气分散的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于进行充气分散的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1310260A
CN1310260A CN01112368A CN01112368A CN1310260A CN 1310260 A CN1310260 A CN 1310260A CN 01112368 A CN01112368 A CN 01112368A CN 01112368 A CN01112368 A CN 01112368A CN 1310260 A CN1310260 A CN 1310260A
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B·舒尔青格
H·加布尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于进行充气分散,尤其是用于在脱墨工艺中对纸浆悬浮液进行浮选的方法,所述包含有杂质颗粒的纸浆悬浮液与气体尤其是空气一起被喷射进一个容器中。该方法的主要特征在于气体尤其是空气在至少两个连续的地方2,4,12在灌浆机的作用下被吸入并与悬浮液混合。本发明还涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。

Description

用于进行充气分散的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种用于进行充气分散的方法，尤其涉及一种用于在纸浆精化工艺中对纸浆悬浮液进行浮选的方法，在所述纸浆精化工艺中，包含脏的颗粒的纸浆悬浮液与气体特别是空气一起被喷入一个罐体。另外，本发明涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。
脱墨浮选是一种用于从尤其在废纸处理中形成的纸浆悬浮液中去除杂质和油墨颗粒的机械方法。该方法需要产生出合适数量和尺寸分布的气泡。疏水性物质或者加入了表面活性材料以使它们疏水的物质如油墨颗粒或粘性物质通过附着在它们上的气泡被带到所述液体的表面上，并且能够作为浮渣从该表面中被去除。该方法被称作选择性浮选，因为纸浆由于其亲水特性而被接受而排出。该类型的方法如在DE4116916C2或EP0211834B1中所知的有许多变型，并且已经达到一个较高的技术标准。另外，它还被证实能成功地采用自吸式灌浆机来产生气泡，并且将这些气泡与纸浆悬浮液混合。这些灌浆机主要包括一个推进射流喷嘴，一个混合或推进交换管道以及一个扩散器。在这里，根据自由射流原理，从推进射流喷嘴射出的液流产生出负压。因此，由于在混合管道中液体和气体之间的推进交换的缘故，气体被吸入并且与液体混合。在从用于能量恢复的扩散器的出口处，形成了纸浆和气泡的悬浮液。然而采用这些已知的方法和灌浆机在纸浆悬浮液的选择性浮选中已经显示出几个缺点。
在处理纸浆悬浮液中的已知灌浆机的吸入效果太弱，并且已知灌浆机产生出的气泡尺寸分布不具有优化的设计，不能满足选择性浮选的要求。
因此，本发明目的在于设计出一种具有更大的吸入效果以及优化的气泡尺寸分布的灌浆机，以便用于脱墨浮选中。
因此根据本发明的方法的特征在于，气体尤其是空气在至少两个连续的地方在灌浆机的作用下被吸入并与悬浮液混合。由于在这些阶段中出现的吸入作用，所以在第一阶段中纸浆能够被气体弄松散，这样在第二阶段中实现一个更好的自由喷射扩散，从而导致提高了吸入效果以及相应的气泡产生效果，尤其是减少了细小气泡部分以避免固体损失。
本发明另一个有利改进之处的特征在于，所吸入的所有气体尤其是空气的大约20-95％在第一阶段中被吸入。由于吸入的气体尤其是空气的数量分布在几个吸入地点处，所以就能获得更加均匀的悬浮液和气体的混合。这就使得能够设定出一个特定合适的气泡尺寸。
本发明的一个有利设计的特征在于，在第一阶段之后，通过吸入和混合所获得的气体和液流以自由喷射的方式进行传送。因此，能够尤其提高喷射动能的利用以便重新吸入气体。
本发明另一个有利改进之处的特征在于，在喷射之后，纸浆悬浮液的气体或空气充气量总计大约为50-150％。
本发明还涉及一种用于进行充气分散的装置，尤其涉及一种用于采用一种灌浆机对纸浆悬浮液进行脱墨的浮选装置，其特征在于，沿着流动方向至少并排布置两个吸入点。由于在这些阶段中出现的吸入作用，因此在第一阶段中纸浆能够被气体弄松散，这样在第二阶段中实现一个更好的自由喷射扩散，从而导致提高了吸入效果以及相应的气泡产生效果，尤其是减少了细小气泡部分以避免固体损失。
本发明还有一个有利改进之处的特征在于，在第一吸入点之后注入通道是加宽的。因此，喷射的动能就能够以一种有利的方式得到良好的利用。
本发明还有一个有利改进之处的特征在于，在灌浆机通道的末端处穿过流动方向安装有一块面板。该面板作为一种径向扩散器以使来自液体喷射的能量恢复。
本发明的一个有利设计的特征在于，该面板安装在一个与流动方向倾斜的斜面上。
本发明还有一个有利改进之处的特征在于，该面板含有用于流体的目标导向的内部构件。因此，灌浆机也就能够安装在浮选槽中的任意所要求的位置中。
本发明的一个有利设计的特征在于，以一种灌浆机组的方式平行地安装有至少两个灌浆机。通过这个设计，因此也就有可能处理大的通过量。
在下面将以实施例的方式并参照附图对本发明进行说明，其中图1显示出在一个浮选槽中本发明的一个变型的布置，图2为一个可供选择的变型，图3为本发明另一个变型，图4为一个具有三个气体吸入点的变型，图5为一个具有灌浆机组的变型，图6为一种气泡直径分布图形的曲线图，图7为与根据本发明的装置相比较的用于传统灌浆机的气体充气量，图8为与一种现有装置相比较的根据本发明的装置的浮选损失量。
图1显示出其中安装有根据本发明的装置的浮选装置。浮选槽9大部分装满悬浮液8，在该悬浮液的表面上形成了浮渣10，该浮渣含有尽可能多的所要被浮选去除的杂质和油墨颗粒。该浮渣作为溢出物U流经一条管道11。纸浆悬浮液S穿过推进射流喷嘴1进入到灌浆机。由于自由喷射原理，气体在第一吸入点2处被吸入并且在第一推进交换管3中混合进纸浆悬浮液中。以这种方式被空气弄松散的纸浆悬浮液在第二吸入点处吸入更多的气体4，并且该气体在第二推进交换管5中被混合进该悬浮液中。这些空气吸入点在该情况中与一根在该悬浮液外面伸出的管子相连，并且空气L在该悬浮液的表面处进入到该管子中。气泡和纸浆的悬浮体7在穿过一个用于能量恢复目的的扩散器6之后离开该灌浆机。以这种方式形成的气泡附着到疏水性杂质上并且把它们带到表面上。通过浮选被弄干净的悬浮液作为可以接受的纸浆G离开该浮选槽。
图2为根据本发明的灌浆机的一个可供选择的变型，其中例如在各个侧面安装有气体吸入配件。然而相对图1而言的一个显著不同之处在于在第二阶段之后安装有一个成圆锥形地变宽的扩散器。
图3显示出根据本发明具有一个圆锥形第一推进交换管3的装置，其中采用了一个类似于推进射流喷嘴1的第二推进射流喷嘴，这样也就能够在第二阶段中获得高的吸入效率。
图4为根据本发明的一种设计方案，其中设有三个气体吸入点2、4、12，并且在第三推进交换管13之后设有一个扩散器。
图5显示出一个作为灌浆机组的变型，在这里两个灌浆机彼此相邻地平行安装。该布置包括一个其中安装有推进射流喷嘴1的顶部；一个由空气吸入配件2导进的公用中间区域；还有一个具有平行工作的推进交换管3的单元。该单元又与由气体吸入管道4导进的一个公用中间区域相连。这是通过一个公用单元连接起来的，在所述公用单元处安装第二推进交换管5。最后，两个推进交换管5都导进一个径向扩散器6。也基本上可以把几个灌浆机合并成这种类型的灌浆机组。
图6显示出与根据本发明的灌浆机的相比较传统灌浆机的气泡直径分布图形。该图显示出根据本发明的灌浆机明显比现有技术的灌浆机含有更少的直径小于0.5mm的气泡。在这里缩减量大约为50％。然而和传统灌浆机不同的是，分布范围仍然保留着。结果总得来说固体(纤维)损失更小。
灌浆机的吸入效果是由推进射流的输出量、推进射流喷嘴和液体行程的直径以及推进射流的密度决定的。这种类型的吸入特性如图7中所示。在这里空气充气量qG/qL所示为弗劳德数的一个函数。该说明显示出，与传统的灌浆机相比，用根据本发明的装置能够明显提高空气充气量。
图8为与一种现有装置相比较，在同样的空气吸入的情况下的浮选结果。该图显示出整个纤维损失可以降低大约1/3。可是采用本发明就能够喷射更多的空气，因此就能够提高杂质的去除。

Claims (10)

1．一种用于进行充气分散，尤其是用于在脱墨工艺中对纸浆悬浮液进行浮选的方法，其中包含有杂质颗粒的纸浆悬浮液与气体尤其是空气一起被喷射进一个容器中，其特征在于，气体尤其是空气在至少两个连续的地方在灌浆机的作用下被吸入并与悬浮液混合。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所吸入的所有气体尤其是空气的大约20-95％在第一阶段中被吸入。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一阶段之后，通过吸入和混合所获得的气体和液流以自由喷射的方式进行传送。
4．如权利要求1至3任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在喷射之后，纸浆悬浮液的气体或空气充气量总计大约为50-150％
5．一种用于进行充气分散的装置，尤其是一种用于通过一种灌浆机对纸浆悬浮体进行纸浆精化的装置，其特征在于，沿着流动方向至少并排布置两个吸入点(2,4,12)。
6．如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，在第一吸入点(2)之后注入通道变宽。
7．如权利要求5或6所述的装置，其特征在于，在灌浆机通道的末端处穿过流动方向安装有一块面板，并且该面板作为一个径向扩散器(6)。
8．如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，面板安装在一个与流动方向倾斜的斜面上。
9．如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，该面板含有用于流体的目标导向的内部构件。
10．如权利要求5至9任一所述的装置，其特征在于，以一种灌浆机组的方式平行地安装有至少两个灌浆机。
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