CN1307049C - 耐火层压玻璃板组件 - Google Patents

耐火层压玻璃板组件 Download PDF

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CN1307049C
CN1307049C CNB98103179XA CN98103179A CN1307049C CN 1307049 C CN1307049 C CN 1307049C CN B98103179X A CNB98103179X A CN B98103179XA CN 98103179 A CN98103179 A CN 98103179A CN 1307049 C CN1307049 C CN 1307049C
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fire
ceramic board
resistant laminated
plane assembly
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CN1204628A (zh
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U·格尔德里
S·弗罗梅尔特
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Vetrotech Saint Gobain International AG
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    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
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Abstract

一种含有耐高温并具有粗光散射表面的玻璃陶瓷板的耐火层压玻璃板组件，所述板两面的每一面通过折射率玻璃和玻璃陶瓷折射率对应的透明中间层与一硅酸盐玻璃相连。透明中间层由具有较高固定玻璃碎片作用的热塑聚合物组成，而硅酸盐玻璃板由钢化浮法玻璃组成。这种耐火玻璃不仅具有较高的耐火性能，而且可经受所谓的消防水实验，此外还具有增加的由玻璃碎片导致的损伤方面安全的玻璃特性。

Description

耐火层压玻璃板组件
本发明涉及一种耐火层压玻璃板组件，它含有一耐高温和耐热冲击的并具有粗散光表面的玻璃陶瓷板，所述板两面的每一面通过折射率与玻璃陶瓷板折射率对应的透明中间层与一硅酸盐玻璃相连。
从文件EP-A-0524418中可以得知这种层压玻璃板板组件。玻璃陶瓷板具有相当低的热膨胀系数和相对高的软化温度，因此在一定程度上适于用作耐火玻璃。由于玻璃陶瓷板的热膨胀系数极低，因此它们不受快速的温度变化的影响，在将消防水流喷射到已加热到800℃的玻璃陶瓷板上时，它们甚至可经受所谓的消防水实验。
然而，由于其制备方法使得玻璃陶瓷板具有粗糙的表面并且在散光性能方面不具有清晰透明度。虽然如此，不经复杂研磨和抛光操作仍可将其用作透明的耐火窗玻璃，这是因为在已知耐火玻璃中将玻璃陶瓷板与清晰透明的硅酸盐玻璃板通过具有相同折射率的透明层进行光学粘合。最初影响玻璃陶瓷板散光性能的表面粗糙度从而变得不明显。
在上述类型的已知耐火玻璃中，玻璃陶瓷板和玻璃板之间的透明中间层由在加热条件下可发泡的无机材料组成，尤其指含水硅酸钠。通过将适于铸造的含有30-34％(重量)水的硅酸钠浇铸到两块硅酸盐玻璃板上，使其干燥，然后在加热和加压的条件下，并在高压釜内通过将涂覆玻璃板与玻璃陶瓷板粘合在一起而制备硅酸钠的中间层。
这种耐火玻璃具有很好的防火性能。然而，当耐火玻璃板组件破裂时，例如当某人跌入这种耐火玻璃板组件上时，就其抵抗由玻璃碎片导致损伤的安全性方面而言不具有安全玻璃的特性。事实上，中间体硅酸钠与通常用于层压安全玻璃的中间体聚合物层一样不具有固定玻璃碎片的特性。然而在一些情况下，人们要求耐火玻璃除了具有耐火特性之外还具有安全玻璃的特性，也就是说当身体与破碎的耐火玻璃相接触时可阻止由玻璃碎片导致的严重伤害。
另外，在已知的耐火玻璃中，在引起冲击的机械压力下，外部硅酸盐玻璃板破碎成具有锋利边缘的较大碎片。此外，两个玻璃板和玻璃陶瓷板都不仅具有相对低的弯曲强度，而且在安全玻璃特性方面具有副作用，这是因为它们在引起冲击的应力下易于破碎。
本发明的目的是通过使用玻璃陶瓷板从而研究出一种耐火玻璃，这种玻璃除了具有较高耐火性之外，还增加了机械稳定性和安全玻璃的特性以抵抗由玻璃碎片引起的损伤。
按照本发明，该目的是这样实现的，即位于玻璃陶瓷板和相邻硅酸盐玻璃板之间的透明中间层由具有较高玻璃碎片固定作用的热塑聚合物组成，而将硅酸盐玻璃板淬火处理。
钢化玻璃板的优点是在其表面区域和周边区域的预压应力，要比周边区域的抗张强度高很多，总体来说，抗弯强度要比普通玻璃板，即未钢化的玻璃板高。在周边区域的压应力高导致钢化玻璃板在遇到火灾时具有增加的耐用性，这是因为由于被密封在框架中的周边区域和暴露在火中的板表面之间的温差造成的在周边区域内的张力可首先通过预压应力得到补偿，在这种情况下，钢化玻璃板直到最后才会破裂。
显然，与已知的耐火玻璃板组件相比，由于使用了聚合物作为中间层而降低了防火保护，这是因为碳化了的聚合物的绝热能力低于发泡硅酸钠层的绝热能力。然而在另一方面，此缺点至少可通过本发明的耐火板而部分得到补偿，这是由于钢化玻璃板较强的抗力而使得中间层长期保持完好无损的缘故。相反，已知耐火玻璃的非钢化玻璃板通常在破碎之后断裂并失去其部分发泡中间层，以致于后者或多或少地被减弱并最终失去其绝热能力。
本发明耐火玻璃的优点是具有可比的耐火特性，它基本上具有更高的耐机械冲击的稳定性，在另一方面也具有显著的可抵抗由玻璃碎片引起的损伤的安全玻璃特性。
例如，所使用的钢化玻璃板可以是由工业浮法玻璃制备的钢化玻璃板。工业浮法玻璃的热膨胀系数为＞8.5×10-6K-1，由于它们具有较高的热膨胀系数，因此可通过常规钢化设备进行钢化，以使它们能够达到200N/mm2的弯曲强度(按照DIN 52303或EN 12150测量)。当破碎时，这些钢化浮法玻璃板可分成小的无害玻璃粒子。然而在另一方面，由于浮法玻璃板具有相对较低的约730℃的软化温度而使稳定性变差，以致于由于软化的结果，当浮法玻璃板露出中间层时而使碳化中间层的绝热效果丧失。但是，可使用由具有热膨胀系数α20-300＞8.5×10-6K-1，尤其为6-8.5×10-6K-1和软化点为750-830℃的玻璃制成的钢化玻璃板。可通过现有钢化设备一方面充分将这些玻璃钢化为具有所需安全玻璃特性的玻璃，另一方面，使其具有显著提高的软化温度，从而在火灾发生时可明显增强它们的稳定性。
可将市售的各种聚合物板用作热塑中间层，只要它们具有安全玻璃所需的固定玻璃碎片的特性。中间热塑层可以由相同或不同的材料组成。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)，热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)，乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(EVA)或氟化烃(THV)板尤其可以考虑用作该目的。THV板的优点尤其在于它们几乎不可燃。在火灾情况下，当使用这些板时，实际上没有产生可燃的分解产物。
下面详细描述本发明耐火玻璃的两个实施例。
实施例1
一种表面尺寸为1.33×0.75m2的层压玻璃板组件由厚度为5mm的玻璃陶瓷板(来自法国KERAGLASS公司的KERALITE)、和由热钢化浮法玻璃组成的两个外层玻璃板，各板的厚度为5mm、和每一厚度为0.38mm的两个PVB板在加热加压的条件下按照已知的高压釜法制备而成。
将该层压玻璃板，组件安装在厚度为12mm的常规钢框内，并将其引入一明火炉内，在其中按照所谓的标准温度曲线(ETK)按DIN 4102或ISO/DIS834-1进行灼烧度试验。
在灼烧度实验开始后10分钟，面向火方向的玻璃板破裂。使如此露出的PVB着火并分解。远离火的玻璃陶瓷板和钢化玻璃板没有破碎并最终确保加热炉室密封未受损。45分钟之后取消灼烧度实验。在结束灼烧度实验时玻璃陶瓷板的温度为805℃，在燃烧器停止后，立即通过一强水柱使耐火玻璃板由外部进行骤冷。外面的钢化玻璃板迅速破碎。然而玻璃陶瓷板经受住水柱而未破裂。
实施例2
一种表面尺寸为1.33×0.75m2的层压玻璃板组件是采用与实施例1相同的玻璃板和玻璃陶瓷板制备而成的，然而，它们通过在加热加压的条件下按照高压釜法，由厚度为0.5mm的由氟化烃聚合物形成的(来自于德国DYNEON公司的THY产品)的热塑平板连接在一起。
与实施例1相同，在明火炉内再次使层压玻璃板组件进行灼烧度实验。
在灼烧度实验开始后约12分钟，面向火方向的玻璃板破裂，从而使位于火焰同侧的热塑板暴露在火焰中。然而，板材不会着火，而实际上是缓慢热分解。观察框架区层压玻璃板组件，没有气相和/或燃烧分解产物释放出熔炉外。95分钟之后取消灼烧度实验。此时玻璃陶瓷板和外部玻璃板仍完好无损且同时温度达到830℃。
在燃烧器停止后立即通过一强的消防水柱使耐火板由外部进行骤冷。外面的钢化玻璃板迅速破碎。然而玻璃陶瓷板经受住水柱而未破裂，并确保燃烧室密封未受损。

Claims (4)

1.含有耐高温并具有粗光散射表面的玻璃陶瓷板的耐火层压玻璃板组件，所述板两面的每一面上通过折射率与玻璃陶瓷板折射率对应的透明中间层与一硅酸盐玻璃板相连，其特征在于位于玻璃陶瓷板和相邻硅酸盐玻璃板之间的透明中间层由具有玻璃碎片固定作用的热塑聚合物组成，并且将硅酸盐玻璃板进行热钢化。
2.按照权利要求1的耐火层压玻璃板组件，其特征在于热钢化硅酸盐玻璃板由热膨胀系数为＞8.5×10-6K-1和软化温度为730℃的工业浮法玻璃组成。
3.按照权利要求1的耐火层压玻璃板组件，其特征在于热钢化玻璃板由具有热膨胀系数α20-300为6～8.5×10-6K-1和软化温度为750-830℃的玻璃组成。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项的耐火层压玻璃板组件，其特征在于相同或不同的热塑中间层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，热塑性聚氨酯，乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物或氟化烃共聚物组成。
CNB98103179XA 1997-07-09 1998-07-08 耐火层压玻璃板组件 Expired - Fee Related CN1307049C (zh)

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