CN1305920C - 异丁烯型单体的交替共聚物 - Google Patents
异丁烯型单体的交替共聚物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1305920C CN1305920C CNB038060825A CN03806082A CN1305920C CN 1305920 C CN1305920 C CN 1305920C CN B038060825 A CNB038060825 A CN B038060825A CN 03806082 A CN03806082 A CN 03806082A CN 1305920 C CN1305920 C CN 1305920C
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- Prior art keywords
- straight
- multipolymer
- branched
- acid
- monomer
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 298
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 title description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 350
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 122
- -1 maleic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
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- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 claims description 42
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 38
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
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- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005376 alkyl siloxane group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- PFSWSMIOAKYXAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,2-dihydroxyethoxy)ethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)OC(O)CO PFSWSMIOAKYXAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 9
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical group [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- UGVYTRVYOYKZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butoxy-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCONC(=O)C(C)=C UGVYTRVYOYKZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- PNWSHHILERSSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O PNWSHHILERSSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HFMRLLVZHLGNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyloxysilicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si] HFMRLLVZHLGNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- JTCWXISSLCZBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribol Natural products CC(CO)CCC1OC2(O)CC3C4CC=C5CC(CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C2C1C)OC6OC(CO)C(OC7OC(C)C(O)C(O)C7O)C(O)C6OC8OC(C)C(O)C(O)C8O JTCWXISSLCZBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tunicamycin Natural products CC(C)CCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C(CC(O)C2OC(C(O)C2O)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)OC1OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4NC(=O)C MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ureidocarboxylic acid Natural products NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09D201/02—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/076,984 US6686432B2 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2002-02-15 | Alternating copolymers of isobutylene type monomers |
| US10/076,984 | 2002-02-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1643008A CN1643008A (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
| CN1305920C true CN1305920C (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB038060825A Expired - Fee Related CN1305920C (zh) | 2002-02-15 | 2003-01-29 | 异丁烯型单体的交替共聚物 |
Country Status (12)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104024993A (zh) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-09-03 | 尤尼皮克塞尔显示器有限公司 | 用于显示装置的柔性耐刮擦性膜 |
| US9568497B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 | 2017-02-14 | Unipixel Displays, Inc. | Scratch resistant touch sensor |
Families Citing this family (33)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5807937A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-09-15 | Carnegie Mellon University | Processes based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization and novel (co) polymers having useful structures and properties |
| US7132477B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2006-11-07 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Powder coating compositions |
| KR100586126B1 (ko) * | 2002-02-15 | 2006-06-07 | 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 | 아이소뷰틸렌형 단량체의 교호 공중합체를 함유하는 수계 열경화성 조성물 |
| US6784248B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2004-08-31 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Thermosetting compositions containing alternating copolymers of isobutylene type monomers |
| WO2003070791A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-28 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Polymers derived from isobutylene and fluoro monomer |
| US20050032978A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-10 | O'dwyer James B. | Etherified carbamate functional copolymers of isobutylene type monomers, and their use in curable compositions |
| WO2005087819A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-22 | Carnegie Mellon University | Atom transfer radical polymerization process |
| WO2005097857A1 (ja) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-10-20 | Shiseido Company, Ltd. | ブラシ状交互共重合体及びその製造方法 |
| MX2007003526A (es) * | 2004-09-30 | 2007-06-11 | Ppg Ind Ohio Inc | Fluoropolimeros, metodos para su produccion y composiciones termofraguables que los contienen. |
| EP1802690A2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2007-07-04 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Thermosetting coating compositions comprising a copolymer formed from chlorotrifluoroethylene and methods of making copolymers formed from chlorotrifluoroethylene |
| EP1928919B1 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2010-02-17 | Carnegie-Mellon University | Atom transfer radical polymerization in microemulsion and true emulsion polymerization |
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2003
- 2003-01-29 CN CNB038060825A patent/CN1305920C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-29 DE DE60312486T patent/DE60312486T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-29 WO PCT/US2003/002529 patent/WO2003070793A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-29 ES ES03705944T patent/ES2283750T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-29 AU AU2003207711A patent/AU2003207711B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-29 BR BR0307625-3A patent/BR0307625A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-29 EP EP03705944A patent/EP1474456B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-29 CA CA002476301A patent/CA2476301C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-29 JP JP2003569700A patent/JP2005517779A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-29 KR KR1020047012562A patent/KR100618741B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-04 US US10/357,797 patent/US6787597B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-12 KR KR1020047012561A patent/KR100586127B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-14 TW TW092103068A patent/TWI310387B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-30 US US10/697,413 patent/US6992137B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN104024993A (zh) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-09-03 | 尤尼皮克塞尔显示器有限公司 | 用于显示装置的柔性耐刮擦性膜 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1474456B1 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
| JP2005517779A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
| CN1643008A (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
| US6787597B1 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
| KR20040091041A (ko) | 2004-10-27 |
| CA2476301C (en) | 2009-10-06 |
| BR0307625A (pt) | 2005-01-11 |
| TWI310387B (en) | 2009-06-01 |
| JP2007321154A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
| US20030170394A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
| US20040176558A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
| WO2003070793A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| KR100586127B1 (ko) | 2006-06-07 |
| AU2003207711A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| KR100618741B1 (ko) | 2006-08-31 |
| ES2283750T3 (es) | 2007-11-01 |
| EP1474456A1 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
| DE60312486T2 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
| US6686432B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
| TW200303872A (en) | 2003-09-16 |
| KR20040091633A (ko) | 2004-10-28 |
| JP2009155663A (ja) | 2009-07-16 |
| AU2003207711B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
| US6992137B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
| DE60312486D1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
| CA2476301A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
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