CN1297636C - 燃料添加剂 - Google Patents
燃料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种乳化组合物,它包含乙氧基化烷基苯酚、脂肪酸酰胺、石脑油和油酸。所述组合物用于对内燃机、明焰燃烧器(锅炉)等中的燃料和水的混合物进行乳化。所述组合物较好包含1体积份聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、2体积份椰子二乙醇酰胺、2体积份重质石脑油和1体积份油酸。本发明还涉及包含本发明组合物的烃燃料以及形成包含所述组合物的烃燃料和水的乳状液的方法。
Description
本发明涉及燃料,具体是涉及一种乳化组合物、一种烃燃料以及形成该烃燃料和水的乳状状液的方法。
在本发明中,提供一种乳化组合物,它包含:
乙氧基化烷基苯酚;
脂肪酸酰胺;
石脑油;
油酸。
应当理解,本发明发现了所述组合物用于对内燃机、明焰燃烧器(锅炉)等中所用燃料和水的混合物进行乳化的实际用途。但是,本发明并不限于这种用途,也可以用于其它用途,例如作为清洁剂,例如将油沉积物从如柏油路、混凝土、砖石建筑等的表面上浮起除去。
所述乙氧基化烷基苯酚是通式为R(OCH2CH2)nOH的非离子表面活性剂,式中,R是烷基苯酚,n表示乙氧基的数量。
所述乙氧基化烷基苯酚可以是聚氧乙烯(POE)-壬基苯酚,例如,从ICI以商品名SYNPERONIC NP购得的产品。在本发明一个优选实施方式中,可以使用POE(5)或POE(6)-壬基苯酚,例如SYNPERONIC NP5或SYNPERONIC NP6。
所述脂肪酸酰胺可以是脂肪酸二烷醇酰胺。在本发明一个优选实施方式中,所述脂肪酸酰胺可以是椰子二乙醇酰胺,例如,从Albright & Wilson以商品名EMPILAN 2502购得的产品。
所述石脑油可以是重质石脑油。
在本发明一个优选实施方式中,所述组合物可以包含聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、椰子二乙醇酰胺和重质石脑油。所述组合物较好包含1体积份聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、2体积份椰子二乙醇酰胺、2体积份重质石脑油和1体积份油酸。
本发明还涉及包含本发明组合物的一种烃燃料。
所述烃燃料可以是醇基燃料、汽油、柴油,例如挥发性柴油或者它们的混合物。
所述烃燃料包含多达约40体积%水。所述烃燃料较好包含多达约25%水。
所述烃燃料可以包含约1.5-2体积%的本发明组合物。
本发明另一方面提供形成烃燃料和水乳状液的方法,所述方法包括将乙氧基烷基苯酚、脂肪酸酰胺、石脑油和油酸加入到烃燃料中,形成混合物,再将水加入所述混合物中。
所述方法较好包括形成包含乙氧基烷基苯酚、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸和石脑油的添加组合物,且将所述添加组合物加入烃燃料中。
较好的是,将所述包含1体积份聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、2体积份椰子二乙醇酰胺、2体积份重质石脑油和1体积份油酸的组合物加入烃燃料中,形成混合物。
有利的是,按照聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、椰子二乙醇酰胺、油酸和石脑油的顺序依次混合添加剂组分,形成所述组合物。
现在,将结合以下一些非限制性实施例和试验说明本发明。
实施例1
制备了本发明包含1体积份聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚(SYNPERONIC NP5或6)、2体积份椰子二乙醇酰胺(EMPILAN 2502)、1体积份油酸和2体积份重质石脑油的添加组合物批料。这些组分按照上述顺序依次混合。将组合物批料加入71.79升(15.792英制加仑)的基本烃燃料中。所用基本燃料是No.5燃料油70-30混合物,它包含70体积%Bunker C燃料油和30体积%柴油。使用压缩空气搅拌所述组合物和基本燃料的混合物,并静置约2-5分钟,使所述组合物和燃料油分散。之后,往所述混合物中加入23.93升(5.264加仑)水。使用压缩空气搅拌所得混合物约2-5分钟,形成燃料/水乳状液。若需要的话,可以在20分钟之后再进行第二次搅拌。从上述体积量来看,在所述最终混合物中,包含约25体积%水和约1.86体积%的组合物。
为了进行下述试验,使用了具有全调制工业Hev-e-Oil燃烧器的74.6kW(100马力)Scotch Marine锅炉。将所述锅炉改成可以从两个来源,即装有上述No.5混合燃料油(没有添加剂)的主容器和装有实施例1所得燃料的辅助容器接受燃料。将锅炉的回油管重新排列成可以再次分别循环经过主燃料油泵和燃烧器的旁通阀。这就能使供给锅炉的燃料在两个来源之间按需要变换,而无需考虑回油的因素。使用上述锅炉和组合物按以下详细所述进行了一系列的试验。
试验1
所述锅炉起始时以从主容器提供的No.5燃料油运行,直到锅炉压力达到约344Kpa(50磅/平方英寸)。一旦达到这个压力,将锅炉的操作转换为实施例1所得的燃料,开始观察火焰。观察到顺利的转换过程。火焰形成得很好,而且比No.5燃料油火焰更密更长。锅炉以自动全调制模式操作。当发生转换时,运行过程中的锅炉显得更为平静。也观察到蒸汽压力升至约361.7Kpa(52.5psi)。
试验2
使用实施例1中所得的燃料点燃锅炉,并升至对应于大约361.7Kpa(52.5psi)的操作温度。在接近高火位置将锅炉设定为手动模式,固定所有燃料空气比率连接的位置,目的是在相同条件下比较No.5燃料油和实施例1的燃料。在此运行过程中,所述锅炉并未设定为最佳效率。使用Enerac 2000燃烧分析器对两种燃料进行燃烧试验,上述分析器测量二氧化碳、一氧化碳、可燃气体、过量空气和氧气排放物。在下表1中列出了这些结果。所述试验结果显示,尽管过量空气和氧气的量有所增加,使用本发明燃料时二氧化碳、一氧化碳和可燃气体的排放降低。
试验3
进行蒸汽流量试验。为此,在供水泵和锅炉之间安装一个流量计。锅炉用实施例1的燃料运行,并升至约379Kpa(55psi)的操作压力。在约832.6kg/小时(1834磅/小时)下随机地测量蒸汽产生量。使用流量计测量预定时间内进入锅炉的水量,并根据锅炉工业中蒸发的水的重量和加仑数之间适用的关系(即,每小时蒸汽量的磅数除以500等于每分钟蒸发的水的加仑数)来进行计算。
试验4
将实施例1的燃料所产生的蒸汽流量和No.5混合燃料油进行比较。将锅炉设定在手动模式下来将火焰固定在位。这一试验的结果显示,基于在17分钟内蒸发约345.4升(76加仑)的水,实施例1的燃料以约1114.7kg/h(2235磅/小时)的燃烧速度产生蒸汽;基于在15分钟内蒸发约295.4升(65加仑)的水,所述No.5燃料油则以约983.8kg/h(2167磅/小时)的燃烧速度产生蒸汽。测量实施例1所述燃料的平均烟囱温度约为265.6℃(510),所述No.5燃料油的平均烟囱温度约246.1℃(475)。
试验5
进行了观察本发明燃料乳化特性的稳定性试验。将实施例1制得的一批燃料静置约6天,然后将锅炉点燃。观察到清洁的燃烧过程,没有出现任何燃料分离。在运行过程中,再将来自另一批的实施例1所得的22.7升(5加仑)燃料加入辅助容器中。当加入这另一批燃料后没有出现可见的分离现象,并且燃烧器中的火焰没有显示区别。锅炉运行到消耗完所有燃料为止。
试验6
将锅炉在接近最佳效率条件下运行,进行另一个排放试验。所述试验以No.5燃料油批料开始,然后,将锅炉改成实施例1所得的燃料,此时不调节燃料/空气比。使用Enerac 2000分析器测量氮的氧化物和二氧化硫的排放,并计算燃烧效率。结果列于下表1中。
表1,本发明燃料和No.5燃料油的比较
实施例1中的燃料 | No.5燃料油 | |
燃烧效率 | 74.9% | 83.5% |
室温 | 32.2℃(90) | 28.9℃(84) |
烟囱温度 | 260.6℃(501) | 255.6℃(492) |
氧 | 9.3% | 5.7% |
一氧化碳 | 16ppm | 77ppm |
二氧化碳 | 9.0% | 12.2% |
可燃气体 | 0.39% | 0.00% |
过量空气 | 76.0% | 34.0% |
氮的氧化物 | 95ppm | 120ppm |
二氧化硫 | 708ppm | 880ppm |
试验7
进行了对比试验,目的是确定两种燃料产生指定量蒸汽所消耗的燃料量。在关闭供水泵并同时开启燃料阀之后,立即开始各个试验。记录起始时间和供水量读数。使用23.9升(5.264加仑)燃料进行各个试验。预先将各样品称重。切断燃料阀并记录后一供水泵关闭的时间来停止各个试验。供水泵通过MacDonnelMiller No.157组合件来自动控制,上述组合件与泵在固定的低水位时啮合使其启动,在一固定的高水位与泵松脱而使泵停止。所述试验的结果列于下表2中。
表2,燃料消耗比较试验
参数 | 实施例1中的燃料 | No.5燃料油 |
每加仑燃料重量 | 3.73kg(8.21磅) | 3.69kg(8.12磅) |
每分钟所用燃料 | 1.56kg(3.44磅) | 1.58kg(3.47磅) |
每分钟所用燃料体积 | 1.95升(0.43加仑) | 1.91升(0.42加仑) |
试验持续时间 | 13分钟 | 10.25分钟 |
供水体积 | 209.1升(46加仑) | 150.0升(33加仑) |
蒸汽产生速度(磅/小时) | 803.6(1770磅/小时) | 730.94(1610磅/小时) |
每分钟产生的蒸汽量 | 13.39kg(29.50磅/小时) | 12.19kg(26.84磅/小时) |
实施例2
除了将所述组合物和柴油(代替No.5混合燃料油)混合以外,如实施例1所述以相同的方式制备本发明的燃料。使用本发明的燃料在一台内燃机(RICARDO P6柴油试验机)上进行了一系列试验。迫使用柴油对照样品进行了类似的小型试验。对照样品和本发明柴油的试验结果列于下表3和4中。
表3,柴油对照样品试验—室温25℃;大气压力76.70(Cm.HA)
速度(RPM) | 平衡负荷(kg) | 功率(KW) | 消耗50ml燃料(秒) | 燃料流量(升/小时) | SFC(L/KW.H.R) | BMBP(KN/M2) | 废气温度(℃) |
800 | 4.54(10.00磅) | 1.78 | 504.34 | 401.00 | |||
1000 | 4.40(9.70磅) | 2.07 | 489.21 | 422.00 | |||
1200 | 4.79(10.55磅) | 2.70 | 95.97 | 1.88 | 0.70 | 532.08 | 452.00 |
1400 | 5.27(11.60磅) | 3.46 | 585.03 | 488.00 | |||
1600 | 5.47(12.05磅) | 4.11 | 607.73 | 509.00 | |||
1800 | 5.76(12.70磅) | 4.67 | 62.10 | 2.90 | 0.68 | 640.51 | 512.00 |
2000 | 5.99(13.20磅) | 5.63 | 665.73 | 536.00 | |||
2200 | 6.04(13.30磅) | 6.23 | 670.77 | 549.00 | |||
2400 | 5.90(13.00磅) | 6.65 | 43.85 | 4.10 | 0.62 | 655.64 | 566.00 |
表4,本发明燃料试验—室温25℃;大气压力76.70(CM.HA)
速度(RPM) | 平衡负荷(kg) | 功率(KW) | 消耗50ml燃料(秒) | 燃料流量(升/小时) | SFC(L/KW.H.R) | BMBP(KN/M2) | 废气温度(℃) |
800 | 5.65(12.45磅) | 2.12 | 629.90 | 344.00 | |||
1000 | 5.79(12.75磅) | 2.72 | 643.03 | 374.00 | |||
1200 | 5.81(12.80磅) | 3.27 | 95.65 | 1.88 | 0.57 | 645.55 | 403.00 |
1400 | 5.95(13.10磅) | 3.91 | 660.66 | 422.00 | |||
1600 | 5.92(13.05磅) | 4.45 | 658.16 | 439.00 | |||
1800 | 6.08(13.40磅) | 5.16 | 62.75 | 2.87 | 0.56 | 678.43 | 461.00 |
2000 | 1.77(13.90磅) | 5.92 | 701.03 | 504.00 | |||
2200 | 6.36(14.00磅) | 6.56 | 706.07 | 532.00 | |||
2400 | 6.24(13.75磅) | 7.03 | 44.75 | 4.02 | 0.57 | 693.47 | 547.00 |
结果表明,当在一定范围的rpm值内本发明燃料和对照燃料比较时,燃料消耗速度类似或稍低,但功率输出较大。和表3进行比较,表4中废气温度也较低。当内燃机使用本发明的燃料运行时,未燃尽的沉积物也至少有所降低。
申请人认为,本发明的优势在于本发明的组合物为内燃机、船用锅炉即明焰燃烧器等的用途提供了成本相对合算的燃料补充剂。本发明组合物中所用的各组分容易以相对较低的成本获得,并且容易冷混合。通过将相对少量的组合物加入燃料和显著量的水中(通常燃料∶水为3∶1),能选择加入的四种组分获得有效结果。申请人也认为,在轻质到重质燃料范围内无需显著调节组合物的量。申请人认为,本发明另一优势在于所述最终混合物是稳定的乳液,它在长时间内不会出现沉积现象。
申请人也认为,本发明的优势在于所述组合物的燃烧比较干净,因此提供了一种环保燃料。相比不含所述组合物的燃料,氮和硫的氧化物、一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量降低。此外,废气排放物中的氧气含量和过量空气含量都显著增大,而且其中烟和未燃尽的碳也显著减少。
申请人也认为,由于废气温度的降低,本发明的燃料也提高了内燃机的使用寿命。
本发明的另一优势在于所述组合物没有气味、没有酸性、无毒,因此若接触时对皮肤无害。此外,组合物的闪点和与其混合的燃料基本相同,因此,将燃料加入该组合物中不会影响在传送和运输过程中的安全性。
申请人也认为,所述组合物可以直接代替常用的烃燃料,此时空气和燃料的流可稍加调节,用以优化燃烧性能。
已经使用常规柴油的内燃机出现了碳堵塞以及其它燃料沉积物的问题。申请人认为,当内燃机使用包含本发明组合物的燃料时,这些燃和沉积物会裂开并被消耗掉。即使长时间使用之后,内燃机组件,尤其是燃料泵组件不会出现不利磨损或腐蚀的有害现象,而且,较老的内燃机也得以顺利运行。
对于指定的rpm,实施例2中的试验表明,使用本发明燃料的内燃机所需的燃料流量相对较低,而且在此流量下,功率输出较大。废气温度也低得多。还可以认为,为了获得相同功率输出,rpm较低,操作温度也较低,对内燃机使用寿命是有利的。
申请人认为,通过将组合物加入在油中运输的大量燃料中,可以减轻油溢灾难事故的发生。所述组合物的乳化性质也就可以消除在水面上形成浮油的问题。
Claims (8)
1.一种乳化组合物,它包含:
乙氧基化烷基苯酚;
脂肪酸酰胺;
石脑油;
油酸;
其中,所述乙氧基化烷基苯酚是聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚,所述脂肪酸酰胺是椰子二乙醇酰胺,所述石脑油是重质石脑油;所述组合物包含1体积份的聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、2体积份的椰子二乙醇酰胺、2体积份的重质石脑油、以及1体积份油酸。
2.一种烃燃料,所述烃燃料包含权利要求1所述的组合物。
3.权利要求2所述的烃燃料,其中,它包含不超过40体积%的水。
4.权利要求3所述的烃燃料,其中,它包含不超过25体积%的水。
5.权利要求2-4任一项所述的烃燃料,其中,所述烃燃料包含1.5-2体积%乳化组合物。
6.形成烃燃料和水的乳状液的方法,所述方法包括将乙氧基烷基苯酚、脂肪酸酰胺、石脑油和油酸加入烃燃料中,形成混合物,再将水加入所述混合物中;其中,所述乙氧基化烷基苯酚是聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚,所述脂肪酸酰胺是椰子二乙醇酰胺,所述石脑油是重质石脑油;所述组合物包含1体积份的聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、2体积份的椰子二乙醇酰胺、2体积份的重质石脑油、以及1体积份油酸。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,所述方法包括形成包含乙氧基烷基苯酚、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸和石脑油的添加组合物,并将所述添加组合物加入烃燃料中。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,其中,按照聚氧乙烯-壬基苯酚、椰子二乙醇酰胺、油酸和石脑油的顺序依次混合各组分,形成所述添加组合物。
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EP (1) | EP1490102A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005530862A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1297636C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003208499A1 (zh) |
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JP2006002058A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | エマルション燃料用乳化剤 |
WO2008055362A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Innovations Solutions Now Inc. | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use |
JP6041383B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社ニレコ | W/o可溶化型加水燃料 |
CN105623755B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-18 | 佛山市南海区巨人化学品制造有限公司 | 一种高效汽油添加剂及其制备方法 |
CA3125557C (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2023-03-28 | Sergio Antonio Trevino Quintanilla | Process for the production of an improved diesel fuel |
GB2582540B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-07-26 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifier and Emulsions |
CN117957053A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-04-30 | 格兰索尔私人有限公司 | 乳化剂组合物 |
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US4173455A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels |
JPS614724A (ja) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-10 | Showa Denko Kk | ピロ−ル系化合物の重合体の製造方法 |
SU1243342A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-23 | 1994-04-15 | В.С. Азев | Топливная композиция |
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US3527581A (en) * | 1966-10-17 | 1970-09-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Microemulsions of water in hydrocarbon fuel for engines |
JPS61114724A (ja) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-06-02 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | 乳化剤組成物 |
GB8717836D0 (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1987-09-03 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Preparation & combustion of fuel oil emulsions |
US5284492A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-02-08 | Nalco Fuel Tech | Enhanced lubricity fuel oil emulsions |
-
2003
- 2003-03-03 US US10/506,963 patent/US20050223628A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 EP EP03706789A patent/EP1490102A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-03 WO PCT/IB2003/000787 patent/WO2003075954A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-03 CA CA002518586A patent/CA2518586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 JP JP2003574227A patent/JP2005530862A/ja active Pending
- 2003-03-03 AU AU2003208499A patent/AU2003208499A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4173455A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels |
JPS614724A (ja) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-10 | Showa Denko Kk | ピロ−ル系化合物の重合体の製造方法 |
SU1243342A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-23 | 1994-04-15 | В.С. Азев | Топливная композиция |
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JP2005530862A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
CA2518586A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
WO2003075954A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
US20050223628A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
EP1490102A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
CN1652818A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
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