EP1490102A1 - Fuel additive - Google Patents
Fuel additiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP1490102A1 EP1490102A1 EP03706789A EP03706789A EP1490102A1 EP 1490102 A1 EP1490102 A1 EP 1490102A1 EP 03706789 A EP03706789 A EP 03706789A EP 03706789 A EP03706789 A EP 03706789A EP 1490102 A1 EP1490102 A1 EP 1490102A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- fuel
- naphtha
- hydrocarbon fuel
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
- A61P31/06—Antibacterial agents for tuberculosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to fuels.
- the invention relates to an emulsifying composition, to a hydrocarbon fuel, and to a method of forming a hydrocarbon fuel and water emulsion.
- an emulsifying composition which includes an ethoxylated alkylphenol; a fatty acid amide; naphtha; and oleic acid.
- the invention finds substantial utility as a composition for emulsifying fuel and water mixtures used in internal combustion engines, open flame burners (boilers), or the like.
- the invention is not limited to this application and may also be used in other applications such as a cleaning agent, for example, lifting oil deposits from surfaces such as tarred roads, concrete, masonry, or the like.
- the ethoxylated alkylphenol is a non-ionic surfactant of general formula R(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH in which R is alkylphenol and n represents the number of ethoxy groups.
- the ethoxylated alkylphenol may be polyoxyethylene (POE)- nonylphenol, for example, a product available from ICI under the tradename SYNPERONIC NP.
- POE polyoxyethylene
- SYNPERONIC NP polyoxyethylene
- POE-(5) or POE(6)- nonylphenol may be used, for example, SYNPERONIC
- the fatty acid amide may be a fatty acid dialkanolamide.
- the fatty acid amide may be coconut diethanolamide, for example, a product available from Albright & Wilson under the tradename EMPILAN 2502.
- the naphtha may be heavy naphtha.
- the composition may include polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol, coconut diethanolamide and heavy naphtha.
- the composition may contain one part polyoxyethylene -nonylphenol, two parts coconut diethanolamide, two parts heavy naphtha and one part oleic acid, by volume.
- the invention also extends to a hydrocarbon fuel including a composition in accordance with the invention.
- the hydrocarbon fuel may be an alcohol based fuel, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel e.g. sweet diesel, or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbon fuel may include up to about 40% water, by volume.
- the hydrocarbon fuel may contain up to about 25% water.
- the hydrocarbon fuel may include between about 1 .5% and 2%, by volume, of the composition.
- a method of forming a hydrocarbon fuel and water emulsion which includes adding an ethoxylated alkylphenol, a fatty acid amide, naphtha and oleic acid to a hydrocarbon fuel to form a mixture and adding water to said mixture.
- the method includes forming an additive composition containing the ethoxylated alkylphenol, the fatty acid amide, the oleic acid and the naphtha and adding said additive composition to the hydrocarbon fuel.
- a composition including one part polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol, two parts coconut diethanolamide, one part oleic acid and two parts heavy naphtha, by volume, is added to the hydrocarbon fuel to form the mixture.
- the constituents of the additive are mixed in the order polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol, coconut diethanolamide, oleic acid and naphtha to form the composition.
- the invention will now be described, with reference to the following non-limiting examples and tests.
- a batch additive composition in accordance with the invention containing one part polyoxyethylene -nonylphenol (SYNPERONIC NP5 or 6), two parts coconut diethanolamide (EMPILAN 2502), one part oleic acid and two parts heavy naphtha was prepared. These components were mixed in the order stated above. 1 .8 litres of the batch composition was added to 71 .79 litres (1 5.792 imperial gallons) of a base hydrocarbon fuel.
- the base fuel used was a 70 - 30 blend of No. 5 fuel oil containing 70% Bunker C fuel and 30% diesel fuel, by volume. The mixture of the composition and base fuel was agitated using compressed air and was left for approximately 2 - 5 minutes to allow dispersion of the composition and the fuel oil.
- the resultant mixture contains about 25% water and about 1 .86% of the composition, by volume, in the final blend.
- the boiler was run initially on the No. 5 fuel oil provided in the main tank until the boiler pressure reached about 344 KPa (50 pounds per square inch (psi)). Once this pressure was reached the operation of the boiler was switched over to the fuel prepared in accordance with Example 1 for an initial inspection of the flame. A smooth changeover was observed. The flame was well defined and appeared tighter and longer than the No. 5 fuel oil flame. The boiler was operating in automatic full modulating mode. The boiler was noticeably quieter in operation when the changeover occured . A steam pressure increase to about 361 .7 KPa (52.5 psi) was also observed.
- the boiler was fired up using the fuel prepared in accordance with Example 1 and brought up to the operating temperature of approximately 361 .7 KPa (52.5 psi) .
- the boiler was set in manual mode at near high fire position to fix the position of all fuel air ratio linkages in order to obtain a comparison of the No. 5 fuel oil and the fuel in accordance with Example 1 , under the same conditions.
- the boiler was not set for optimum efficiency during this run.
- Combustion tests were conducted on both fuels using an Enerac 2000 combustion analyzer which measured carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, combustible gas, excess air and oxygen emissions. These results are set in Table 1 below. The test results show a reduction in carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and combustible gas emissions using the fuel in accordance with the invention, despite an increase in excess air and oxygen.
- a steam flow capacity test was conducted. In order to do this a flow meter was installed between the feed water supply pump and the boiler. The boiler was run on the fuel in accordance with Example 1 and was brought up to an operating pressure of approximately 379 KPa (55 psi). The steam capacity was randomly measured at about 832.6 kg per hour (1834 pounds per hour). This was calculated by measuring the amount of water entering the boiler using the flow meter over a predetermined period and by relying on the accepted relationship between mass and gallons of water evaporated in the boiler industry i.e. that the mass of steam in pounds per hour divided by 500 is equal to the gallons of water per minute evaporated.
- the steam flow capacity of the fuel in accordance with Example 1 was compared with that of the No. 5 blend oil.
- the results of this test showed that the fuel in accordance with Example 1 generated steam at a rate of about 1 1 14.7 kg/h (2235 pounds per hour) based on evaporating about 345.4 litres (76 gallons) of water in 17 minutes and the No. 5 fuel oil generated steam at a rate of about 983.8 kg per hour (21 67 pounds per hour) based on evaporating about 295.4 litres (65 gallons) of water in 1 5 minutes.
- the average stack temperatures were measured at approximately 265.6°C (510°F) for the fuel in accordance with Example 1 and approximately 246.1 °C (475°F) for the No. 5 fuel oil.
- a stability test to observe the emulsifying characteristics of the fuel in accordance with the invention was conducted.
- a batch of fuel prepared in accordance with Example 1 was left for approximately 6 days and then the boiler was fired up. A clean burn was observed without any indication of fuel separation.
- An additional 22.7 litres (5 gallons) of fuel in accordance with Example 1 from a separate batch was added to the auxiliary tank during this run. There was no visual indication of separation while the additional fuel was being added and there was no difference in the flame in the burner. The boiler was run until the entire fuel batch was depleted.
- a comparative test was conducted to determine the amount of fuel consumed to produce a given quantity of steam for both fuels. Each test was started immediately after feed water supply pump was shut off and the fuel valve was simultaneously opened. The starting time was noted and the water supply reading was noted. Each test was conducted using 23.9 litres (5.264 gallons) of the fuel. Each sample was weighed beforehand. Each test was stopped by shutting off the fuel valve and noting the time at a later feed water supply shut off. The feed water pump was controlled automatically through a MacDonnel Miller No. 1 57 assembly that engaged the pump at a fixed low water point and disengaged the pump at a fixed high water point. The test results are set out in Table 2 below.
- a fuel in accordance with the invention was prepared in a similar fashion to Example 1 except that the composition was mixed with diesel fuel instead of the No. 5 blend fuel oil.
- a series of bench tests on an internal combustion engine - RICARDO P6 Diesel fuel test engine were carried out using the fuel in accordance with the invention.
- a similar bench test was carried out using a diesel fuel control sample. The results of the control sample test and the test on the fuel in accordance with the invention are set out in Tables 3 and 4.
- TABLE 3 Diesel Fuel Control Test - Ambient temperature 25°C. Atmospheric pressure 76.70 (Cm. HA).
- TABLE 4 - Test on fuel in accordance with the invention - Ambient temperature 25 °C - Atmospheric Pressure 76.70 (CM. HA)
- the composition in accordance with the invention provides a relatively cost effective fuel extender for internal combustion engines, marine boiler applications i.e. open flame burners, or the like.
- the constituents used in the composition are readily accessible at relatively low cost and are easily cold mixed.
- the selection of the four constituents enable effective results to be achieved by adding relatively small quantities of the composition to the fuel with significant water additions (Typically 3: 1 fuel to water).
- the Applicant also believes that no significant adjustment in quantities of the composition are required over a range of light to heavy fuels.
- the final blend is a stable emulsion which shows no signs of settling over sustained periods.
- the Applicant also believes that it is an advantage of the invention that the composition provides a relatively clean burning and, therefore, environmentally friendly fuel.
- the oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide contents are reduced as compared to fuels not containing the composition.
- oxygen content and excess air evident in the exhaust emissions show substantial increases and there is also a substantial reduction in smoke or unburnt carbon.
- the fuel in accordance with the invention improves engine life as a result of the drop in exhaust temperatures.
- the composition is odourless, non-acidic, non-toxic and, therefore, does not harm the skin if handled.
- the flash point of the composition is substantially the same as the fuel with which it is mixed and, therefore, safety aspects in handling and transportation are not compromised by including the composition in a fuel.
- composition may be directly substituted for normal hydrocarbon fuel subject to possible minor adjustments to air and fuel flows to optimise performance.
- Example 2 For a given rpm the test in Example 2 showed that the engine running on the fuel in accordance with the invention required comparative to slightly less fuel flow rates to the diesel fuel and, at which flow rate, the power output increased. The exhaust temperature also significantly decreased. It is also believed that the lower rpm for the same power output and a lower operating temperature contributes to an improvement in engine life.
- the Applicant also believes that the problem of oil spill disasters may be alleviated by including the composition in bulk volumes of fuel transported on tankers.
- the emulsifying properties of the composition would alleviate the problem of oil slick formation in water.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200201965 | 2002-03-08 | ||
ZA200201965 | 2002-03-08 | ||
PCT/IB2003/000787 WO2003075954A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-03 | Fuel additive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1490102A1 true EP1490102A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=27805740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03706789A Withdrawn EP1490102A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-03 | Fuel additive |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050223628A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1490102A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005530862A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1297636C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003208499A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2518586A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003075954A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006002058A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Emulsifier for emulsion fuel |
WO2008055362A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Innovations Solutions Now Inc. | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use |
JP6041383B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社ニレコ | W / O solubilized hydrous fuel |
CN105623755B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-18 | 佛山市南海区巨人化学品制造有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency gasoline additive and preparation method thereof |
KR102604321B1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2023-11-21 | 세르지오 안토니오 트레비노 퀸타닐라 | Improved method of producing diesel fuel |
GB2582540B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-07-26 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifier and Emulsions |
WO2023031717A2 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-09 | Glensol (Pty) Limited | Emulsifier compositions |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3527581A (en) * | 1966-10-17 | 1970-09-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Microemulsions of water in hydrocarbon fuel for engines |
US4173455A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels |
JPS614724A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-10 | Showa Denko Kk | Production of polymer of pyrrole compound |
SU1243342A1 (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1994-04-15 | В.С. Азев | Fuel composition |
JPS61114724A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-06-02 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Emulsifier composition |
GB8717836D0 (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1987-09-03 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Preparation & combustion of fuel oil emulsions |
US5284492A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-02-08 | Nalco Fuel Tech | Enhanced lubricity fuel oil emulsions |
-
2003
- 2003-03-03 CN CNB038102587A patent/CN1297636C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-03 US US10/506,963 patent/US20050223628A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 CA CA002518586A patent/CA2518586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 EP EP03706789A patent/EP1490102A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-03 AU AU2003208499A patent/AU2003208499A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 WO PCT/IB2003/000787 patent/WO2003075954A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-03 JP JP2003574227A patent/JP2005530862A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03075954A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005530862A (en) | 2005-10-13 |
AU2003208499A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
CN1652818A (en) | 2005-08-10 |
CN1297636C (en) | 2007-01-31 |
US20050223628A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
WO2003075954A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
CA2518586A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
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