CN1296199C - 用于制取纤维层压制品的方法 - Google Patents

用于制取纤维层压制品的方法 Download PDF

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CN1296199C
CN1296199C CNB2004100333646A CN200410033364A CN1296199C CN 1296199 C CN1296199 C CN 1296199C CN B2004100333646 A CNB2004100333646 A CN B2004100333646A CN 200410033364 A CN200410033364 A CN 200410033364A CN 1296199 C CN1296199 C CN 1296199C
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bonding
spunbonded nonwovens
fibrage
spunbonded
nonwovens
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CN1533884A (zh
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塞巴斯蒂安·索默
延斯·居登
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Machine Factory Of Leffinhauser Co ltd
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12—Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2432/00—Cleaning articles, e.g. mops, wipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
    • Y10T442/663—Hydroentangled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

用于制造纤维层压制品的方法，尤其是用于制造吸水抹布的方法，其中至少一种纺粘型非织造材料由长丝预先粘结而成，使得该预粘结纺粘型非织造材料显现出一个较高的抗拉能力，该抗拉能力总计至少为所述纺粘型非织造材料在最大程度粘结时的较高抗拉能力的50%。至少一个由亲水纤维制成的纤维层被贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料上。由纺粘型非织造材料与纤维层组成的层压制品被通过流体动力学粘结起来。

Description

用于制取纤维层压制品的方法
技术领域
用于制造纤维层压制品的方法，尤其是用于制造吸收性抹布的方法，所述纤维层压制品由至少一个非织造长丝纤网(fleece)与至少一个亲水纤维层制成。因此，在本发明的框架内术语“纤维层压制品”指的是一种由至少一个亲水纤维层与至少一个长丝层构成的层压制品。术语“长丝”被理解为指的是无端的长丝，即理论上无限长的长丝，由其制得纺粘型非织造织物。这种长丝与纤维之间的区别在于，纤维是相对较短的纱线，或者说在任何情况下纤维的平均值均短于前述的长丝。在本发明的框架内术语“长丝”被理解为尤其指的是由热塑性材料制成的长丝。
背景技术
在前言部分中所提及类型的纤维层压制品和抹布已经被人们所公知。但是，这些制品并没有显现出它们的价值，尤其是与由仅包含短纤维而非长丝的纤维层压制品相比。带有由长丝制成的纺粘型衬垫的已知纤维层压制品的特征在于，当经受磨损应力时，具有较差的表面性能。这一点归因于这样的事实，即无端的长丝由于它们在两侧在非织造织物中受到拉伸而不大会发生移动，并且由此将难以与纤维层中的相邻长丝钩挂在一起。因此，在向这些已知纤维层压制品施加磨损应力的情况下，纤维将相对较易于从表面上脱落下来。对于将这种纤维层压制品用作抹布而言，这是不容许的。
发明内容
相反，本发明所基于的技术问题是，提供一种用于制造在前言部分中所提及类型的纤维层压制品的方法，利用这种方法，所制得的纤维层压制品不会显现出此前所提及的缺点。
为了解决该技术问题，本发明提出了一种用于制造纤维层压制品的方法，尤其是用于制造吸水抹布的方法，
其中至少一个由长丝制成的纺粘型非织造织物被预先粘结起来，使得该预粘结纺粘型非织造织物显现出一个较高的抗拉能力或抗拉强度，该抗拉能力总计至少为所述纺粘型非织造织物在进行最大程度粘结时的抗拉能力的50％，
至少一个由亲水纤维制成的纤维层被贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造织物上，
并且，利用纺粘型非织造织物与纤维层通过流体动力学粘结制得层压制品。前述抗拉强度能力得自于DIN 53815，并且在其中加以定义。
具体实施方式
在本发明的框架之内，利用一台砑光机，尤其是利用一台热压纹式砑光机，对所述纺粘型非织造织物进行预粘结操作。在对所述织物进行最大程度预粘结操作时，纺粘型非织造织物的前述较高抗拉能力如下获得。所述砑光机或者砑光辊的接触压力和/或表面温度初始时分别如此变化，以便获得用于以这种方式预粘结而成的纺粘型非织造织物的最大和最高可能抗拉能力。由此在这种情况下，会涉及在进行最大程度粘结操作时这种纺粘型非织造织物的最大可能抗拉能力。因此，为了根据本发明设定一个至少为最大抗拉能力的50％的值，在其它状况相同的条件下(比如最大抗拉能力的测定操作)，使得砑光机或者砑光辊的接触压力和/或表面温度发生变化，直至获得根据本发明的较高抗拉能力。根据本发明，在预粘结操作过程中产生的连接点的配置，或者各个粘结点的配置，在所述纺粘型非织造织物中以这样一种方式实施，即在所述非织造织物的密闭表面(粘结点之间的间距较小)与良好的针刺能力(粘结点之间的间距较大)之间获得最佳平衡。
利用根据本发明的方法，最好利用常规的压纹式砑光机或者热压纹式砑光机进行工作。作为一种砑光机图案或花纹，在这种情况下需要考虑规则和/或不规则的点阵图案以及开放式和/或闭合式线条图案。在砑光操作过程中，一个压纹滚筒可以压靠在一根光滑的辊子上，或者甚至是一个压纹滚筒压靠在另外一个压纹滚筒上。对于“压纹滚筒压靠压纹滚筒”式实施例，各个滚筒上的刻纹凸起可以压靠在另外一个滚筒上的刻纹凸起上，以及一个滚筒上的刻纹凸起可以压靠在另外一个滚筒上的刻纹凹陷上。在本发明的框架之内，为了获得最终产品的更大体积，在所述预粘结过程中非织造垫条已经发生了三维变形。
为了制造所述纺粘型非织造衬垫，在本发明的框架之内，所使用长丝的细度或者直径为0.3至3旦尼尔，优选的是0.5至2.5旦尼尔，最好是0.8至1.5旦尼尔。为此，所述纺粘型非织造织物中的长丝的细度或者直径低于1.5旦尼尔。根据本发明的一个实施例，所述纺粘型非织造织物中的长丝至少部分为双组分长丝。在这种情况下，带有芯鞘的双组分长丝尤其显现出了它们的价值。在本发明的框架之内，所述纺粘型非织造织物由多个非织造织物层或者长丝层构成。在这种情况下，各个层中的长丝可以显现出不同的性能。
正如已经在此前指出的那样，在所述纺粘型非织造织物的预粘结过程中，会在该纺粘型非织造织物中的长丝之间形成连接点或者粘结点。最好在所述纺粘型非织造织物中的两个粘结点之间测定出的最大自由路径长度小于15毫米的条件下执行所述纺粘型非织造织物的预粘结操作。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述预粘结纺粘型非织造织物发生了变形，并且具体来说最好在由亲水纤维形成的纤维层的贴敷操作之前发生变形。在这种情况下，在本发明的框架之内，横断所述非织造织物的平整面或者其表面发生变形，比如垂直于所述表面或者倾斜于所述表面。执行所述变形操作，使得所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料的厚度由于这种变形而增大。所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料根据本发明的变形操作尤其在希望所制得的纤维层压制品的厚度或者体积仍旧需要或者必须增大时执行。比如，变形操作可以借助于液压力在滚筒式热风干燥器中的滚筒上执行，或者利用一个抽吸辊来执行。在本发明的框架之内，所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料的变形操作在两个相互作用或者相互啮合的表面之间进行，比如将橡胶辊或者毛刷辊压靠在带有粗糙表面的金属辊上，或者利用打褶或者类似操作来执行。所述预粘结纺粘型非织造织物的变形操作也可以借助于带有沟槽或者其它类型的不规则表面来实现。在本发明的框架之内，所述方法中的变形步骤在一个低于长丝熔融温度的温度下执行，并且在对于双组分纤维或者多组分纤维，低于较低熔融组分的熔融点。优选的是，所述变形操作在长丝软化点与熔融点之间的温度范围中执行。
根据一个非常优选的实施例，其在本发明的框架之内非常重要，在进行流体动力学粘结工艺之前，利用至少一种湿润剂对所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料进行处理。在这种情况下，在本发明的保护范围之内，至少一种表面活性剂被用作所述湿润剂。这种依照本发明使用的表面活性剂显现出了一个亲脂或者亲水部分，或者一个亲脂和亲水端部。在根据本发明的方法的框架之内，表面活性剂已经显现出了它们在对所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料进行处理方面的价值。作为湿润剂，可以使用离子型表面活性剂，即阳离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂，或者甚至是非离子型表面活性剂。根据本发明的一个实施例，可以使用作为湿润剂。在本发明的框架之内，在利用所述湿润剂进行处理之后，可以首先对预粘结纺粘型非织造材料进行干燥。根据一个优选实施例，在利用所述湿润剂进行处理之后，所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料可以在无需预先干燥的条件下被导入流体动力学预粘结阶段。后一实施例已经显现出了它们的价值。
在进行流体动力学预粘结操作之前，由亲水纤维制成的纤维层被贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料上。所述亲水纤维是吸水纤维。作为亲水纤维，尤其可以使用纤维素纤维，比如纸浆纤维。根据本发明，由亲水纤维制成的纤维层此时形成所述纤维层压制品中的吸收层，由此至少一部分亲水纤维经过流体动力学预粘结操作穿入至少一个纺粘型非织造层的中间空隙之内。根据本发明的一个尤其优选实施例，亲水纤维借助于至少一台梳理机和/或至少一个气流铺网装置被贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料上。
在本发明的框架之内，至少一种第二纺粘型非织造材料被贴敷到由至少一种纺粘型非织造材料与亲水纤维层形成的层压制品上，具体来说，最好在执行所述流体动力学粘结之前进行。在这种情况下，第二纺粘型非织造材料最好被直接贴敷在由亲水纤维形成的纤维层上。因此，这种优选的纤维层压制品呈纺粘型非织造材料—纤维层—纺粘型非织造材料的层序形式。在本发明的框架之内，在被贴敷到层压制品上之前，所述第二纺粘型非织造材料被以与第一纺粘型非织造材料相同的方式进行处理。在根据本发明的方法中，所述第二纺粘型非织造材料最好被利用一台砑光机或者热压纹砑光机进行预粘结，并且优选的是随后利用至少一种湿润剂进行处理。在本发明的框架之内，纺粘型非织造材料条或者纤维层比如可以被从一个辊分别在两侧作为已经精整过的层进行传送。根据另外一个实施例，所述纺粘型非织造材料和/或纤维层可以被直接从一个相应的制造系统中送出。
在本发明的框架之内，由纺粘型非织造材料与纤维层制成的层压制品利用水射流处理通过流体动力学粘结起来。利用这种水射流粘结或者水射流针刺，精细并且非常高速的水射流或者高压水射流会将所述非织造衬垫粘结起来。根据本发明的一个非常优选实施例，根据本发明制造而成的纤维层压制品中的纺粘型非织造材料部分的重量比低于50％。
本发明基于这种认识而作出，即利用根据本发明的方法，可以制造出一种纤维层压制品，其显现出至少一个由无端纤维(长丝)形成的层和另外一个由较短亲水纤维形成的层，并且其特征在于具有优越的表面性能，尤其是适合于用作抹布。在根据本发明的方法的框架之内，可以实现纺粘型非织造材料与纤维层的最佳粘结或钩挂，这将导致所述纤维层压制品满足所有要求，甚至是在机械应力或者磨损应力的作用下。还需要强调的是，根据本发明的纤维层压制品可以相对容易地制造出来，并且需要较少的开支和劳动强度。就此而言，根据本发明的方法的特征还在于其成本的经济性。

Claims (11)

1.用于制造纤维层压制品的方法，
其中至少一种纺粘型非织造材料由长丝预粘结而成，该预粘结的纺粘型非织造材料的抗拉能力总计至少为所述纺粘型非织造材料在最大程度粘结时的抗拉能力的50％，
至少一个由亲水纤维制成的纤维层被贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料上，
并且由纺粘型非织造材料与纤维层组成的层压制品通过流体动力学粘结起来。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，利用一台砑光机将所述纺粘型非织造材料预粘结起来。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，执行所述纺粘型非织造材料的预粘结操作，使得在所述纺粘型非织造材料的两个粘结点之间的最大平均自由路径长度小于15毫米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在贴敷由亲水纤维制成的纤维层之前，执行所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料的变形操作，使得所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料的厚度增大。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在进行流体动力学粘结工艺之前，利用至少一种湿润剂对所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料进行处理。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一种表面活性剂被用作湿润剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于至少一台梳理机和/或利用至少一个气流铺网装置将所述亲水纤维贴敷到所述预粘结纺粘型非织造材料上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，一第二纺粘型非织造材料被贴敷到由纺粘型非织造材料与纤维层组成的层压制品上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，由纺粘型非织造材料与纤维制成的层压制品利用水射流处理通过流体动力学粘结起来。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法是用于制造吸水抹布的方法。
11.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述砑光机是热压纹式砑光机。
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