CN1293310C - 用于轴向输送液体的装置 - Google Patents

用于轴向输送液体的装置 Download PDF

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CN1293310C
CN1293310C CNB028045610A CN02804561A CN1293310C CN 1293310 C CN1293310 C CN 1293310C CN B028045610 A CNB028045610 A CN B028045610A CN 02804561 A CN02804561 A CN 02804561A CN 1293310 C CN1293310 C CN 1293310C
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CN1491323A (zh
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彼得·尼塞尔
约翰内斯·米勒
汉斯－埃哈德·彼得斯
约尔格·米勒
魏尔纳·诺伊曼
库尔特·格莱辛
安德烈亚斯·阿恩特
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Berlin Heart GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F04D29/047—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/178—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/422—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/81—Pump housings
    • A61M60/812—Vanes or blades, e.g. static flow guides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/82—Magnetic bearings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/824—Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/0633—Details of the bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F04D29/048—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D3/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D3/02—Axial-flow pumps of screw type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
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  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于轴向输送液体的装置，其由一个管状的基本在轴向上输送液体的空心体构成，在所述空心体中轴向对准地设置有一个与位于空心体外面的电机定子配合的被旋转磁性支撑的输送件，其中具有磁性轴承的输送件具有转子叶片，其中，磁性轴承与液体动压轴承结合在一起，且输送件的轴承具有一个主动稳定的磁性推力轴承、一个被动的磁性向心轴承和一个液体动压向心轴承。输送件被完全磁性支撑并且其向心轴承具有充分的刚性和高效的阻尼，从而可以避免通过临界转速的问题和转子液体动压和机械不平衡的不利影响。为此磁性轴承与液体动压轴承结合在一起。

Description

用于轴向输送液体的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于轴向输送液体的装置。
背景技术
特别是那些不太稳定的多相液体，由于加入能量可能会发生诸如乳化和分散等不可逆的变化，在相应的诸如泵等装置内输送时会不利地陷入不稳定的范围内。
血液是一种特别脆弱的液体。脊椎动物的不透明的红色的体液在一闭合的血管系统中循环，其中心脏的周期的收缩将血液压入机体的不同的部位。同时血液对包括氧气和二氧化碳的呼吸气体以及养分、代谢产物和体内固有的活性物质进行输送。包括心脏的血管系统与外部隔绝被密封，因而在健康的机体中当血液通过心脏被泵送到全身时，从与身体细胞进行物质交换着眼，不会发生变化。
已知当血液与非身体固有的物质接触或者由于外部能量介入时很容易产生溶血或形成血栓，由于血栓的形成将会导致支血管系统的栓塞，因而会造成机体死亡。溶血表示红血球超过生理程度的溶解-破坏的状况。溶血的原因可能是机械的或代谢的。溶血程度的增大将导致机体的多重受损并直至导致人员的死亡。
另一方面实践表明，可以在满足特定的结构前提条件下对心脏的泵功率进行辅助或甚至用人工心脏替代自然心脏。当然目前仅能在有限的情况下实现植入的心脏辅助泵或人工心脏的持续的工作，这是因为这种人工产品与血液和整个机体的相互作用总是会导致血液和机体出现不利的变化。
根据已有技术已经公知轴流泵，所述轴流泵主要由一个圆筒状的管子构成，在管子内有一个作为贴靠在外部的电机定子的转子的输送件进行旋转。当具有叶片的转子旋转时，转子将对液体进行轴向输送。所以这种所谓的轴流泵的轴承是一个关键的问题。考虑到对血液的损伤以及摩擦系数很高，所以纯机械的轴承是很不利的。即使迄今公开的磁性轴承方案也并不是满足力求实现非常紧凑结构的轴流泵轴承要求的理想方案。
在WO00/64030中披露了一种用于无损输送单相或多相液体的装置，其输送件仅被磁性支撑。为此在输送件上优选既安装有磁性轴承的永磁轴承件，又安装有作为电机转子功能的永磁件。采用所述的输送装置的磁性轴承摈弃了通常设置在有待输送的液体流中的将导致产生有待输送的液体的死区和涡流并因而对流体造成不利影响的轴承件。在此所述的磁性轴承既吸收轴向力，又吸收径向力。输送件的轴向位置被主动地稳定，同时利用已有的永磁铁对输送件仅被动地进行径向支撑。当然所述的输送装置具有许多缺点。
被动的磁性向心轴承的径向刚性和阻尼相对较小，因而在泵送过程中将出现通过转子或轴承的临界转数的问题。有可能存在的转子的液体体动压的和机械的不平衡将对泵功能，特别是在作为血液输送装置应用时的泵功能产生严重的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种用于轴向输送液体的装置，其输送件完全被磁性支撑的并且其向心轴承具有充分的刚性和高效的阻尼，因而可以避免出现通过临界转数的问题以及转子的液体动压的和机械的不平衡。
根据本发明实现上述目的的技术方案如下：
一种用于轴向输送液体的装置，由一个管状的基本在轴向上输送液体的空心体构成，在所述空心体中轴向对准地设置有一个与位于空心体外面的电机定子配合的被旋转磁支撑的输送件，其中具有磁性轴承的输送件具有转子叶片，其中，磁性轴承与液体动压轴承结合在一起，且输送件的轴承具有一个主动稳定的磁性推力轴承、一个被动的磁性向心轴承和一个液体动压向心轴承。
用于轴向输送液体的装置由一个管状的基本在轴向上输送液体的空心体构成，在所述空心体中轴向对准地设置有一个与位于空心体外面的电机定子配合的被旋转磁性支撑的输送件，其中具有磁性轴承的输送件具有转子叶片，其中，磁性轴承与液体动压轴承结合在一起，且输送件的轴承具有一个主动稳定的磁性推力轴承、一个被动的磁性向心轴承和一个液体动压向心轴承。
根据本发明的进一步的设计，液体动压向心轴承是空心圆筒状的旋转对称的托环，所述托环与输送件连接。
在输送件上设置有至少一个托环，其中托环设置在电机转子的前端和/或后端或设置在所述两位置之间。
根据本发明的进一步设计，托环的最大轴向尺寸等于输送件的轴向长度，并且托环的滚动面的轴向尺寸小于托环的内面。
托环具有与转子叶片相同的径向尺寸并与后者连接。
根据进一步设计，托环的径向尺寸(厚度)应使之可以具有一个径向型面，所述径向型面将有利于流体流入输送件转子叶片内。
根据本发明的另一设计，托环的轴向延伸应使叶片的整个长度在径向上受到托环的限定。面向管状空心体内侧的托环的滚动面最好具有一个带自润滑性能的表面涂层，所述涂层是生物相容的。
托环的内面被设计成对流动特性起着有利影响的型面。
托环的滚动面被设计成滚动线，将导致实现特别有利的摩擦系数。
除了输送件的磁性轴承外还设置有一个液体动压轴承，因此可以实现输送件的向心轴承的高的刚性和阻尼。液体动压轴承是通过至少一个圆筒状旋转对称的与输送件连接的托环实现的。通过对托环的相应的设计使转子具有高的抗倾翻稳定性。最好通过托环特别大的轴向延伸或通过在转子上设置至少两个托环实现该技术效果。
最好通过托环轴向的大的延伸或被托环在较大程度上或更完全的包封避免在叶片端部出现径向缝隙。
附图说明
下面将对照附图对本发明做进一步的说明。图中示出：
图1为具有托环的轴流血液泵的轴向剖面示意图；
图2为一个托环设置在转子上的示意图；
图3为两个托环设置在转子上的示意图；
图4为具有成型内面的托环的设置示意图；
图5为在整个转子上延伸的托环的示意图，和
图6具有在滚动面上的滚动线的托环设置在转子上的示意图。
                         附图标记对照表
1    管状空心体
2    内壁
3    泵机壳
4    输送件
5    液体进口导向装置
5’  液体出口导向装置
6    轴向稳定器
7    电机定子
8    电机转子
9    永磁轴承件
9’  永磁轴承件
10   永磁轴承件
10’ 永磁轴承件
11   转子叶片
12   液体导向叶片
12’ 液体导向叶片
13   托环
13’ 托环
14   滚动面
15   型面
16   内面
17   滚动线
具体实施方式
图1在轴向剖面图中举例示出具有本发明的对输送件4轴承的轴流泵。所述轴流泵主要由管状空心体1和泵机壳3构成，所述泵机壳具有电机定子7和轴向稳定器6。泵机壳3直接旋转对称地贴靠在管状的空心体1上。在管状空心体1的内部具有一个液体进口导向装置5和一个液体出口导向装置5’，在两者之间设置有一个利用电机定子7被置于旋转状态的输送件4。
输送件4被磁性支撑，其中永磁轴承件9和9’设置在电机转子8上和永磁轴承件10和10’设置在液体进口导向装置5和液体出口导向装置5’上。在输送件4的电机转子8上设置有转子叶片11，所述叶片与托环13结合在一起。磁性支撑的输送件4通过电机定子7被置于旋转状态，其中利用相对的永磁轴承件9、9’和10、10’与轴向稳定器6的配合使输送件被保持在悬浮状态并且托环13起着对旋转的输送件4附加的液体动压轴承的作用。
图2示意示出在剖开的管状空心体1内的具有转子叶片11的电机转子8。根据本发明，托环13在此设置在电机转子8的端范围上。有待输送的液体在此在托环13的内面16与电机转子8之间移动。托环13的滚动面在与管状空心体1内壁2保持最小间隔的情况下移动。
图3示意示出设置在电机转子8端的托环13和13’。图中省略了管状的空心体1。
图4示出本发明托环13的另一设计。托环13的内面16具有一个型面15。从托环13的剖面图可以看出，型面15为类似承压面的形状。在图中省略了管状的空心体。
根据本发明的另一设计，如图5(同样省略了管状的空心体1)所示设置有一个托环13，所述托环13覆盖具有叶片的电机转子8的整个轴向长度。而且在此也是在托环13的内面16与电机转子8之间实现液体的输送的。
根据本发明的另一设计，如图6所示，托环13的滚动面14具有一个突出的滚动线17，所述滚动线以最小的摩擦实现了与管状空心体1内壁2的最小间隔。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于轴向输送液体的装置，由一个管状的基本在轴向上输送液体的空心体(1)构成，在所述空心体中轴向对准地设置有一个与位于空心体外面的电机定子(7)配合的被旋转磁支撑的输送件(4)，其中具有磁性轴承的输送件(4)具有转子叶片(11)，其中，磁性轴承与液体动压轴承结合在一起，且输送件(4)的轴承具有一个主动稳定的磁性推力轴承、一个被动的磁性向心轴承和一个液体动压向心轴承。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，液体动压向心轴承是圆筒状的旋转对称的与输送件(4)连接的托环(13)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，在输送件(4)上设置有至少一个托环(13)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)设置在电机转子(8)前端和/或后端或设置在所述两位置之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的最大轴向尺寸等于输送件(4)的轴向长度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的滚动面(14)的轴向尺寸小于托环(13)的内面(16)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)具有与转子叶片(11)相同的径向尺寸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)和转子叶片(11)相互连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的径向尺寸应足以使之可以具有便于流体流入输送件(4)的转子叶片(11)内的径向型面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的轴向延伸应使叶片(11)的整个长度在径向上被托环(13)限定。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，面向管状空心体(1)内面的托环(13)的滚动面(14)具有自润滑表面涂层，所述表面涂层是生物相容的。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的内面(16)具有一个型面(15)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，托环(13)的滚动面(14)具有一个滚动线(17)。
CNB028045610A 2001-02-16 2002-02-18 用于轴向输送液体的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1293310C (zh)

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DE50204600D1 (de) 2006-03-02
CA2438679A1 (en) 2002-08-29
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