CN1288502A - 具有一个至少包含一个金属薄膜的中间层的蜂窝体装置 - Google Patents

具有一个至少包含一个金属薄膜的中间层的蜂窝体装置 Download PDF

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CN1288502A
CN1288502A CN99802122A CN99802122A CN1288502A CN 1288502 A CN1288502 A CN 1288502A CN 99802122 A CN99802122 A CN 99802122A CN 99802122 A CN99802122 A CN 99802122A CN 1288502 A CN1288502 A CN 1288502A
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CN1119515C (zh
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沃尔夫冈·毛斯
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Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种蜂窝体装置(1),它借助于特殊的中间层(7)减少从蜂窝体(3)到外壳(2)通过热辐射的传热并防止中间层(7)在端面剥蚀。为此规定,中间层(7)包含多个分层(8、9、10),它们由至少一个金属薄膜(9)和至少一个陶瓷材料的层(8;10)构成。优选地,中间层(7)由隔热层(8)、金属薄膜(9)和膨胀垫(10)构成,其中,金属薄膜(9)的端部覆盖至少其中一个覆盖层(8、10)的端面。本发明特别适用于将在发动机附近使用的薄壁陶瓷制的蜂窝体固定在汽车的排气净气装置中。但它还普遍地适用于各种类型相对于外壳隔热的蜂窝体。

Description

具有一个至少包含一个金属薄 膜的中间层的蜂窝体装置
本发明涉及一种具有外壳的蜂窝体装置，外壳内装入被中间层围绕的蜂窝体，其中，中间层包括多个层。此装置主要使用在汽车的排气净化装置中尤其用于有陶瓷蜂窝体的催化转化器。
由德国实用新型8019813已知一种陶瓷蜂窝体的固定，其中，蜂窝体被包围在所谓的膨胀垫内并装入一金属外壳中。膨胀垫有能力将由于外壳和蜂窝体特性不同以及由制造公差引起的空隙通过膨胀填满并由此保证在长的工作时间内可靠地支承。膨胀垫通常包含一些小云母片，若在其周围有位置云母片便吸水和与此同时膨胀。为了使这种膨胀垫稳定，在此实用新型中建议在膨胀垫内组合波纹状金属丝网层。为防止在蜂窝体端面处膨胀垫剥蚀，应在蜂窝体端面设气密环用于覆盖被膨胀垫充填的间隙。
因为在排气装置中的蜂窝体在工作时加热到900℃和更高，以及在蜂窝体装置附近的构件应针对此高温加以保护，还已知在外壳与蜂窝体之间设隔热的中间层。
此隔热的中间层可能是一个空气层，基于空气的热传导和热对流的特性差，此空气层将外壳与蜂窝体装置使用中在蜂窝体内产生的高温隔离开。
作为替代或除空气层隔热外附加地，已知设一个由陶瓷材料构成的中间层。由于所使用的陶瓷材料热传导和热对流的特性差，所以在这里同样使外壳与蜂窝体隔热。因为上面提及的用于固定蜂窝体的膨胀垫在很高的环境温度例如800℃以上时水被排出并与此同时收缩，由此蜂窝体会在外壳内松动，因此对于某些高负荷的蜂窝体装置必须使膨胀垫相对于蜂窝体隔热，对此，已知蜂窝体首先设隔热装置，然后才用膨胀垫围绕。
但是在温度高于约600℃时，传热不仅通过热传导和热对流进行，而且同样通过热辐射以及温度越高热辐射越强烈。然而由先有技术已知的上述隔热装置以及还有膨胀垫隔离热辐射的效果不佳。
已知蜂窝体装置的另一个缺点是，设在外壳与蜂窝体之间的隔热中间层在蜂窝体装置的端面区被热的脉动的排气剥蚀。由于脉动的排气流，甚至本身很耐磨蚀的陶瓷中间层在工作过程中也被剥蚀，所以在蜂窝体与外壳之间的隔热装置在蜂窝体装置的工作寿命期间不利地受损或破坏。由此造成整个蜂窝体装置的损坏和甚至可能破坏。
因此本发明的目的是创造一种蜂窝体装置，它减少通过热辐射从蜂窝体给外壳或膨胀垫的传热并优选地还防止或至少减少中间层的剥蚀。本发明还应提供一种相应的夹层结构，借助于这种夹层结构可以方便地制造这种蜂窝体装置。
此目的通过按权利要求1的蜂窝体装置以及按权利要求11的夹层结构达到。在各从属权利要求中说明了有利的设计和进一步发展。
按本发明通过令中间层包括多个分层，它们至少含一金属薄膜，则以有利的方式减少了借助热辐射从蜂窝体向外壳的传热。此蜂窝体装置在热传导和热对流方面同样有良好的隔热特性，因为按本发明设有多个分层，它们还至少有一个陶瓷材料制的层。这尤其适用于当陶瓷材料有很小的热导率的情况下。
为了在蜂窝体装置内外壳与蜂窝体之间在加工时可能留下的或在工作时可能形成的空隙按有利的方式封闭，至少陶瓷材料的分层之一是一膨胀垫，当它吸水时通过膨胀封闭了与之相邻的空隙。这导致持续地牢固固定蜂窝体。
在这里同样存在一种从生产技术方面看是有利的中间层设计，因为一个分层可设计为金属薄膜，此蜂窝体装置可按简单的方式尤其通过卷绕制成。尤其在至少一个金属薄膜和至少一个陶瓷层连接成夹层结构的情况下，中间层可以简单的方式沿周向围绕蜂窝体卷绕，而且优选地至少一次或在对隔热的要求更高时多次卷绕。也可以制造在夹层结构中的预成形半壳。
按本发明的另一种有利的设计，至少一个的金属薄膜在蜂窝体的至少一个端面覆盖相邻陶瓷层的端部。因此提供了一种针对尤其脉动式地流入蜂窝体装置的要净化的热排气的特别有效的保护，因为排气不再能直接迎着陶瓷层流动并因而避免其剥蚀。
按本发明设置的金属薄膜及必要时与之连接的陶瓷层按有利的方式具有某种结构，尤其是波纹。由此按有利的方式用小的力便可使金属薄膜沿蜂窝体周向弯曲。
在下面借助于附图的说明中介绍本发明的其他特征、优点和设计。在不是按比例的图中表示：
图1本发明第一种实施形式在端面斜上方看的局部剖切透视图；
图2图1所示实施形式局部纵剖面；
图3另一种实施形式在蜂窝体装置端面区的纵剖面；
图4按本发明的夹层结构局部剖切透视图；以及
图5按本发明的波纹状夹层结构局部剖切透视图。
图1在未按比例的局部剖切的示意透视图中表示了按本发明的蜂窝体装置1。蜂窝体3有通过隔板4、5彼此分开的通道6，流体，优选地内燃机的排气可通过这些通道沿流动方向S流动。对于此蜂窝体优选地涉及一种挤压的陶瓷蜂窝体，尤其是由所谓薄壁陶瓷制的蜂窝体。这种陶瓷蜂窝体，但也包括用薄金属板构成的蜂窝体，必须稳固地安装在一套管2内，与此同时还要力求相对于套管隔热。在本实施例中，上述固定和隔热借助于陶瓷材料的隔热层8、金属薄膜9和另一个优选地是一个膨胀垫的陶瓷材料层10达到。这三个分层共同构成一个中间层7，它一方面保证蜂窝体可靠地在套管2内固定，另一方面造成非常好的隔热。隔热层8首先防止从蜂窝体向金属薄膜9的热传导和热对流。此外金属薄膜9起防止热辐射的辐射屏的作用，所以陶瓷材料层10在汽车排气装置内的蜂窝体装置工作时已处于比蜂窝体本身低得多的温度。由于这一情况，当使用膨胀垫作为陶瓷材料层10时甚至允许蜂窝体装置产生很高的工作温度，这出现在例如蜂窝体装置在紧靠着内燃机出口处安装的排气净化装置尤其是催化转化器中使用时。应当指出，外壳2通常厚度为0.5至1mm，而金属薄膜9优选地是一层很薄的膜，尤其是厚度小于50μ，优选地甚至小于30μ。金属薄膜9尤其应当用一种耐高温腐蚀的材料制成，具体而言是一种含铬和铝的钢。陶瓷材料层8、10典型地是纤维垫，如由先有技术已知用于固定陶瓷蜂窝体的那些，它们的厚度取决用于补偿外壳2和蜂窝体3的加工误差和用于在长的工作寿命期间可靠地固定的需要。还应指出，为了更好地隔离热辐射可沿径向相继地设多个金属薄膜和多个陶瓷材料层。
图2借助于通过蜂窝体装置的纵剖面中一个片段再次表示按本发明的简单的蜂窝体装置的径向结构。蜂窝体3、陶瓷材料的隔热层8、金属薄膜9、膨胀垫10以及外壳2从内向外彼此相继。
图3借助于通过蜂窝体装置的局部纵剖面在蜂窝体的端面区表示本发明的一种优选的实施例。因为，众所周知，脉动式的热排气会剥蚀陶瓷材料，尤其纤维垫、膨胀垫等，所以应在按本发明的蜂窝体装置一个端面或优选地在两个端面处采取针对性的保护措施。这可以如在传统的装置中那样通过保护环或外壳中的一个台阶达到。但按本发明有另一种非常有利的方案，也就是将一层或多层金属薄膜作为端面保护装置绕相邻的陶瓷材料层折叠。在图3的实施例中首先围绕蜂窝体3卷绕一金属薄膜11，陶瓷层8再围绕着金属薄膜11，然后再设一金属薄膜9和接着设另一个陶瓷材料层10。在这种情况下，金属薄膜9、11的端部12、13绕相邻的陶瓷层8、10折叠。这样一种结构在最简单的情况下可以这样制造，即，首先围绕蜂窝体3卷绕其端部从陶瓷材料层8、10伸出的金属薄膜9、11，接着将伸出的端部12、13用恰当的工具绕陶瓷材料层8、10折叠。如在本实施例中表示的那样，上述折叠可以这样进行，即，将金属薄膜9、11的端头12、13折叠在外壳2下面。但也可以将端头12、13嵌固在用于外壳2与相邻的排气系统连接的焊缝内。
若用作中间层7的分层预制成夹层结构17或27，则对于制造按本发明的蜂窝体装置是特别有利的。
图4表示了这方面的一个实施例。其中在金属薄膜9的一面设有陶瓷材料的隔热层8，例如通过粘结。在金属薄膜9的另一面设膨胀垫，在这里金属薄膜9的端部14绕膨胀垫10折叠。这种结构可绕蜂窝体卷绕或已经预制为圆柱形或椭圆形。如果隔热层8是由长的陶瓷纤维构成的，那么它对于通过脉动式排气引起的剥蚀并不很敏感，所以通过折叠金属薄膜9的端部14来保护膨胀垫10就够了。
图5表示了一种具有在端部15折叠的金属薄膜9的夹层结构为了改善在围绕着例如圆柱体卷绕时的柔性应如何设计的可能性。虽然金属薄膜9所涉及的是一种很薄的膜，但是由此构成的具有折叠端的夹层结构刚性较大。为了重新恢复柔性，整个夹层结构可借助于波纹辊装置形成波纹18而结构化，在图5中波纹18显然作了非常夸张的表示。一种很扁平的走向的波纹对于恢复柔性便已足够。在这里，金属薄膜9折叠的端部15平挤压成一端段16。属于夹层结构27的陶瓷材料层8和设在金属薄膜9内的膨胀垫10的效果是，尽管夹层结构27有小的波纹18也不会在蜂窝体3之外形成任何排气可流过的通道。
本发明特别适用于在汽车的发动机附近区域内的排气催化转化器的蜂窝体装置。在这种情况下本发明允许可靠地安装有特别薄的壁的金属或陶瓷蜂窝体，并与此同时获得一种相对于其外壳良好隔热的蜂窝体。优选的使用领域是由壁厚小于100μ优选地小于50μ的所谓薄壁陶瓷构成的陶瓷蜂窝体的蜂窝体装置。

Claims (17)

1．有一外壳(2)的蜂窝体装置(1)，外壳内装有被中间层(7)围绕的蜂窝体(3)，其中，中间层(7)包括多个分层(8、9、10)，它们由至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)和至少一个陶瓷材料的层(8；10)构成。
2．按照权利要求1所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，中间层(7)包括至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)构成的层和至少两个由陶瓷材料构成的层(8；10)。
3．按照权利要求1或2所述的蜂窝体装置，其中，由陶瓷材料构成的层(8；10)中至少一层是膨胀垫(10)，它在吸水后由于膨胀可封闭相邻的空隙。
4．按照权利要求1、2或3所述的蜂窝体装置，其中，至少陶瓷材料层之一(8)有很小的热导率。
5．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的蜂窝体装置，其中，陶瓷材料层(8、10)由至少一个纤维垫构成。
6．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)和至少一个陶瓷材料层(8；10)连接成夹层结构(17；27)，它优选地至少沿周向围绕蜂窝体(3)卷绕一次。
7．按照权利要求6所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，夹层结构(17)至少包括：一个良好隔热的陶瓷层(8)、一个金属薄膜(9；11)和一个膨胀垫(10)，优选地从里向外按此顺序。
8．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)在蜂窝体(3)的至少一个端面按这样的方式成形(12；13；14；15)，即，它在此端面覆盖至少一个相邻的陶瓷材料层(10；8)。
9．按照权利要求8所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)围绕相邻的陶瓷材料层(10；8)折叠(13；13；14；15)。
10．按照前列诸权利要求之一所述的蜂窝体装置(1)，其中，所有金属薄膜(9；11)包括它们必要时的成形区(12；13；14；15)和所有可能与金属薄膜(9；11)连接成夹层结构(17；27)的陶瓷材料层(9、10)均制成具有某种结构(17)、尤其是波纹(18)，使金属薄膜(9；11)用小的力便可沿蜂窝体(3)周向弯曲。
11．尤其用于按照权利要求1至10之一所述蜂窝体装置(1)的夹层结构(17；27)，包括至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)和一个与之连接的用隔热纤维材料制的陶瓷层(8)。
12．按照权利要求11所述的夹层结构包括至少一个金属薄膜(9；11)、在金属薄膜(9；11)一面的隔热纤维材料制的陶瓷层(8)、以及在金属薄膜(9；11)另一面由含膨胀材料尤其云母的纤维材料制的层(10)。
13．按照权利要求11或12所述的夹层结构，其中，夹层结构有多个与陶瓷层(8；10)交替的金属薄膜(9；11)。
14．按照权利要求1至13之一所述的夹层结构，其中，金属薄膜(9；11)由耐高温腐蚀的材料，尤其由含铬和铝的铁合金制成。
15．按照权利要求11至14之一所述的夹层结构，其中，金属薄膜(9；11)的厚度小于50μ，优选地小于30μ。
16．按照权利要求11至15之一所述的夹层结构，其中，金属薄膜(9；11)至少在一侧，优选地在两个相对侧，围绕至少一个相邻的陶瓷层(8；10)折叠。
17．按照权利要求11至15之一所述的夹层结构，其中，夹层结构本身具有某种结构(18)，优选地形成波纹，确切地说使之能易于绕蜂窝体(3)卷绕，但在这种情况下在蜂窝体(3)之外基本上不形成可流过排气的通道。
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