CN1284959C - 用于热交换器扁管的内部散热片和蒸发器 - Google Patents

用于热交换器扁管的内部散热片和蒸发器 Download PDF

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CN1284959C
CN1284959C CNB02803936XA CN02803936A CN1284959C CN 1284959 C CN1284959 C CN 1284959C CN B02803936X A CNB02803936X A CN B02803936XA CN 02803936 A CN02803936 A CN 02803936A CN 1284959 C CN1284959 C CN 1284959C
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东山直久
塚原昌之
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Mahle Behr Thermal Systems Japan Ltd
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Showa Denko KK
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/06—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being attachable to the element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • F28D1/0341—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F28F2275/045—Fastening; Joining by brazing with particular processing steps, e.g. by allowing displacement of parts during brazing or by using a reservoir for storing brazing material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于热传导器扁管(22A)的内部散热片(5)，其包括：一个具有波纹形横截面的金属板并且被包围在扁管(22A)中，内部散热片的所有凸脊部(51)和凹槽部(52)可通过钎焊连接在扁管(22A)的内表面上。内部散热片(5)的凸脊部(51)和凹槽部(52)中的至少一个设有面向与将进行钎焊的一侧相反的一侧的紊流促进突起(53)。紊流促进突起(53)的尺寸应使得在突起后侧的凹陷部分(54)和扁管(22A)的内表面之间形成的间隙填满钎焊材料(6)。紊流促进突起沿内部散热片的纵向的尺寸为1至1.5mm，高度为0.2mm至0.4mm。突起(53)使流过扁管(22A)的流体以更湍流的状态流动，由此提高了热传导效率。

Description

用于热交换器扁管的内部散热片和蒸发器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于热交换器扁管的内部散热片以及适于例如作为机动车空调器的蒸发器并在其中装有这样的内部散热片的蒸发器。
背景技术
在用于机动车空调器的蒸发器中，迄今为止的实际做法是，在扁管中布置内部散热片以为致冷剂提供一个加大的热传导区域，并由此提高工作性能。
已知的一种这样的内部散热片包括一块具有波纹形横截面的金属板并且被包围在扁管中。内部散热片上的所有凸脊部和凹槽部都钎接在扁管的内表面上。
所述的内部散热器通过减少凸脊部和凹槽部之间的间距(即，翅片间距)而提供一个增大的热传导区域，在制造具有进一步减小的翅片间距的过程中遇到了困难。还已经发现，进一步缩小的散热片间距并不能够获得相应的改进效果。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于热传导器扁管的内部散热片，其包括一块具有波纹形的横截面的金属板，并且适于无需缩小翅片间距地获得进一步提高的热传导效率。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种其中装有上述的内部散热片并由此使性能得到改进的蒸发器。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于热传导器扁管的内部散热片，其包括一块具有波纹形横截面的金属板并且可被包围在扁管内，内部散热片的所有凸脊部和所有凹槽部可通过钎接与扁管的内表面连接，该内部散热片的特征为，在凸脊部和凹槽部中的至少一个上设置有一个面朝与要进行钎接侧相反的一侧的紊流促进突起，该紊流促进突起的尺寸要使得在突起后侧上的凹陷部分和扁管的内表面之间形成的间隙可填满钎焊材料。
当把一个面向与将进行钎接的一侧相反的一侧的紊流促进突起设置在内部散热片的所有凸脊部和凹槽部中的至少一个上时，该突起使将流经其中包围着内部散热片的扁管的流体以更湍流的状态流动，由此获得更高的传热效率。另外，由于将紊流促进突起的尺寸设为可使得在突起后侧上的凹陷部分和扁管的内表面之间形成的间隙内填满钎焊材料，防止了多个由内部散热片在扁管中形成并沿扁管的横向平行布置的流体通道彼此相通并且不会增加流动阻力。因此，无需缩小翅片间距地由紊流促进突起提高用于热传导器扁管的本发明内部散热片的热传导效率。
下面将对紊流促进突起所产生的辅助效果进行描述。当将许多这样的由金属板制成的内部散热片以堆叠的方式一个放在另一个上地暂时存放时，如果散热片彼此间保持紧密接触，那么就很难分开散热片，从而可能会给热交换器的装配带来困难。如果内部散热片上设有这样的突起，即使在堆放大量散热片时候，也能避免内部散热片彼此相互紧密接触。于是，可以很容易地把内部散热片一个接一个地从堆垛上拿走，从而确保热传导器的装配具有高的效率。从防止发生紧密接触的效果的观点出发，期望在至少位于内部散热片的相对边缘附近的凸脊部或凹槽部上设置突起，由此即使大量地堆积散热片也能很容易地使散热片一个一个地分开。
对于用于热传导器扁管的本发明的内部散热片来说，紊流促进突起在内部散热片的纵向上的尺寸为1至1.5mm，高度为0.2至0.4mm。
如果突起在内部散热片的纵向上的尺寸小于1mm且高度小于0.2mm，则在流体中不会产生有利于提高热传导效率的这种紊流。另一方面，如果突起在内部散热片的纵向上的尺寸大于1.5mm且高度尺寸超过0.4mm，则存在不能使位于突起后侧的凹陷部分和扁管的内表面之间的间隙填满钎焊材料的可能性，并由此会产生过大的流动阻力。
紊流促进突起可以相对于内部散热片的横向随机地或者可以以预定的间隔形成，例如每隔三个凹槽部。在一个凸脊部或凹槽部上可以形成一个或多个紊流促进突起。当设置该突起时，可以按固定的间距或随机地布置多个突起。当在一个凸脊部或凹槽部上形成多个突起时，有必要确定突起的数量和间距，以使避免产生过大的流动阻力。
通常通过辊轧成形制成内部散热片。在这种情况下，可通过使用在对应部分上分别具有一个突起和一个凹陷的一对成形辊，与内部散热片本身的成形的同时地形成突起。
对用于在其中包围本发明的内部散热片的热交换器中所用的扁管没有特别的限制，但可以例如是一个电阻焊管件一个扁管形部分包括一对分别具有扁管成形部分并面对面地相互连接起来的盘状板。在后一种情况中，本发明的内部散热片设置在两个由一对盘状板形成的扁管状部分的每一个上，所述的每个扁管状部分在分隔凸脊的相对侧面上具有一个分隔凸脊和扁管成形部分并且以面对面地布置的方式相互连接。两个内部散热片可具有相邻的边缘，它们通过一个插置在两个盘状板的分隔凸脊之间的接头部分而彼此成为一体。
例如通过用钎接金属板制备内部散热片和扁管中的至少一个并使用包覆板面的钎焊材料，将内部散热片的凸脊部和凹槽部钎接在扁管的内表面上。然而，扁管通常仅由钎接金属板制成。
本发明进一步提供了一种包括多个扁管的蒸发器，每个扁管在其中包围着本发明的内部散热片，该内部散热片的所有凸脊部和凹槽部都钎接在扁管的内表面上。
内部散热片的紊流促进突起提高了在流经扁管的致冷剂与将被冷却并在扁管外部流动的空气之间的换热效率，因此使蒸发器能够具有优良的性能。
根据本发明的蒸发器可以是一种层状蒸发器，其包括扁管状部分形成的扁管，该扁管状部分由成对的分别具有一个扁管形成凹陷部分的盘状板形成，所述的成对盘状板以面对面地布置的方式相互连接起来。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的一个实施例，即，用于如机动车空调器的层状蒸发器的透视图。
图2是表示构成一管件的两个盘状板壳件和设置在所述板内的内部散热片的透视图。
图3(a)是内部散热片的侧视图，图3(b)是内部散热片的横截面视图。
图4(a)是表示包围在扁管状部分内的内部散热片的横截面的局部放大图，图4(b)是沿图(a)中的线b-b截取的纵向剖面局部放大图。
图5示出了本发明的另一个实施例，其中图(a)是内部散热片的侧视图，图(b)是内部散热片的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1至4示出了本发明的一个实施例。示出的实施例适于用在用于机动车空调器的层状蒸发器中。
图1示出了用于机动车空调器的整个层状蒸发器。蒸发器1具有一个蒸发器芯部10，该蒸发器芯部10包括由外部散热片3相互连接在一起的多个管件2、2A，并且每个壳件包括一对彼此面对面并连接在一起的盘状板20、20A。蒸发器芯部10包括：多个在横向上并排布置的前部管状部分22A；多个在横向上并排布置的后部扁管状部分22A；用于以连通方式使前部扁管状部分22A的上端和下端相互连接的前部上储水室22B和前部下储水室22B；以及用于以连通方式使把后部扁管状部分22A的上端和下端相互连接的后部上储水室22B和后部下储水室22B，这些元件由管件2形成，而不是由在左端的管件形成。左端的壳件2A具有以致冷剂入口通道201和一个致冷剂出口通道202。一个具有一致冷剂入口管连接口41和一个致冷剂出口管连接口42的管连接块4连接在该壳件2A的外侧上。分隔壁(未示出)设置在储水室22B的所需部分上。致冷剂经由入口管连接口41和入口通道201流入后部上储水室22B的左端，然后以预定的型式流过所有的储水室22B和扁管状部分22A，此后致冷剂从前部上储水室22B的左端出并且经由出口通道202和出口管连接口42排出。
图2表示构成除左端的元件2A以外的每个壳件2的两个盘状板20和包围在这些板20中的内部散热片5。盘状板20用在其相对的表面上包覆以钎焊材料的钎接板制成。每个盘状板20在其横向的中心部分处具有一个垂直分隔脊21，以分别在脊21的前侧和后侧上形成扁管成形用凹陷部分22。盘状板20还具有与前、后扁管成形用凹陷部分22的上端和下端成一整体的储水室成形用凹陷部分23。致冷剂通道孔24在凹陷部分23的底壁上形成。然而，在一些盘状板20的所需储水室成形用凹陷部分23的底壁上没有形成孔24。这些底壁提供了分隔壁。使两个盘状板20面对面地相互连接在一起，由此形成了前、后两个管状部分22A。两个内部散热片5被分别设置在所述的两个管状部分22A中并且它们使本发明具体化。两个内部散热片5具有相邻的边缘，该边缘由一个设置在两个盘状板20的分隔脊21之间的接头部分50相互连为一体。
参考图2至4，本发明的内部散热片5包括一个通过辊轧成形并具有波纹形横截面的铝合金板。内部散热片5被包围在扁管状部分22A中，并且其所有的凸脊部51和所有的凹槽部52都通过钎接连接在扁管部分22A的内表面上。内部散热片5形成了多个在管状部分22A的内部从前向后并排设置的致冷剂通道221。如图3和4所示，内部散热片5的多个凹槽部52设置紊流促进突起53，所述突起面朝与所述凹槽部的钎焊侧相对的方向。
通过把具有波纹形横截面的铝合金板切割成具体的长度而形成这种内部散热片5，然后临时地把它们成层堆放地存储起来。在这种状态下，由于存在紊流促进突起53，防止了相邻的内部散热片5彼此发生紧密接触。因此，可以很容易地从堆垛上逐一拿走内部散热片5，从而保证了装配蒸发器1的工作效率。
在图3所示的每个前、后内部散热片5中，凹槽部52上设有五个紊流促进突起。此数量与散热片的所有凸脊部51和所有凹槽部52的总数(＝23)的大约五分之一相对应。设有突起53的五个凹槽部52相对于图3所示内部散热片的横向随机地排列。五个凹槽部52中的每一个都具有一个至五个突起53。
参考图4(b)，在突起53的后侧上形成的凹陷部分54和扁管状部分22A的内表面之间形成的间隙填满了钎焊材料6。[钎焊材料没有在图4(a)中示出。]紊流促进突起53沿内部散热片的长度方向上的尺寸A为1mm，高度B为0.4mm。
在上述的蒸发器1中，流经扁管状部分22A内的致冷剂通道221的致冷剂处于沸腾状态，并因而通常处于紊流状态，而在内部散热片5中形成的紊流促进突起53产生了一个更大的湍流，由此提高了热传导效率。致冷剂径直地流过每个致冷剂通道221，而没有偏折进入其它的通道221。这导致减少了流动阻力。
图5示出了本发明的另一个实施例。参考图5，由接头部分50相互连为一体的前、后内部散热片5中的每一个具有位于在散热片的前、后边缘附近的三个凹槽部52种形成的紊流促进突起53。在三个凹槽部52中的每一个上形成一个至三个突起53。除了这个特征之外，第二实施例与图1至4所示的第一实施例相同。
上述的实施例仅为说明性示例。当然，可以在不脱离如所附权利要求限定的本发明要点的情况下，对本发明进行适当的修改。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明可用于提高包括具有设置于其中的内部散热片的扁管的热传导器的效率。本发明特别有利于提高例如用于机动车空调器蒸发器的蒸发器效率。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于热交换器扁管的内部散热片，包括一个具有波纹形横截面的金属板并且被包围在扁管中，该内部散热片的所有凸脊部和凹槽部可通过钎焊连接在扁管的内表面上，所述内部散热片的特征在于：凸脊部和凹槽部中的至少一个设有面朝与将进行钎焊的一侧相反的一侧的紊流促进突起，该紊流促进突起的尺寸被设定成在该紊流促进突起后侧上形成的凹陷部分和扁管的内表面之间形成的间隙填满钎焊材料，紊流促进突起沿内部散热片的纵向的尺寸为1至1.5mm，高度为0.2mm至0.4mm。
2.一种蒸发器，包括多个扁管，每个扁管在其中包围着根据权利要求1的内部散热片，该内部散热片的所有凸脊部和凹槽部都钎接在扁管的内表面上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蒸发器，其特征在于，由成对的盘状板形成的扁管状部分形成扁管，每对盘状板相互面对并彼此连接在一起。
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