CN1284255C - 一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1284255C
CN1284255C CNB200410043772XA CN200410043772A CN1284255C CN 1284255 C CN1284255 C CN 1284255C CN B200410043772X A CNB200410043772X A CN B200410043772XA CN 200410043772 A CN200410043772 A CN 200410043772A CN 1284255 C CN1284255 C CN 1284255C
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lithium ion
ion battery
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CN1599103A (zh
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顾大明
史鹏飞
王虹
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,它涉及一种锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法。本发明是这样实现的:a.向反应容器中加入含有掺杂离子的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天;b.当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入0.5~2.5mol/L X2(SO4)y溶液,同时将混合溶液加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的X(OH)y层,反应3小时~3天;c.将由表面梯度包覆X(OH)y的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH混合、研匀、烧结、再研磨,得到最终产品。本发明工艺简单,所得产品作为锂离子电池的正极材料,其比容量高、成本低、污染小、循环性能好。

Description

一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法。
背景技术:
LiCoO2(钴酸理)的电化学性能稳定,所以目前锂离子可充电池正极材料多用LiCoO2。但是,LiCoO2的比容量低、成本高、污染程度大;而LiNiO2(镍酸理)的比容量高、成本低、污染程度小,但性能(循环性能)不稳定。现有方法制备出的锂离子电池正极材料存在成本高、工艺复杂、性能不稳定等缺点。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,它能够制备出成本低、污染程度小、比容量高、脱/嵌锂性能稳定的锂离子电池正极材料。本发明是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有掺杂离子的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为9.5~12.5、温度为40~70℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为0.5~2.5mol/L;b、当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入0.5~2.5mol/LX2(SO4)y溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的X(OH)y层,反应3小时~3天;c、将由表面梯度包覆X(OH)y的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/X∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结、再研磨,得到最终产品。本发明工艺简单,所得产品作为锂离子电池的正极材料,其比容量高(首次比容量>200mAh/g)、成本低(为LiCoO2的1/2~2/3)、污染小(近于无污染)、循环性能好(每次平均循环效率>99.5%)。
具体实施方式:
具体实施方式一:本实施方式是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有掺杂离子的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为9.5~12.5、温度为40~70℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为0.5~2.5mol/L;b、当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入0.5~2.5mol/L X2(SO4)y溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的X(OH)y层,反应3小时~3天;c、将由表面梯度包覆X(OH)y的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/X∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结、再研磨,得到最终产品,所得产品的化学式为:LiNi1-a-bXaMbO2,其中a=0~0.4、b=0~0.1,M为掺杂离子。所述X为Co、Mg、Ti、Zr、Al或B;所述掺杂离子为Co2+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Al3+和NH+ 4中的一种或几种;所述掺杂离子为Ni2+重量的1~40%。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有掺杂离子的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为11.20±0.05、温度为57±0.5℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为1.5mol/L,掺杂离子为Ni2+重量的2~5%;b、当Ni(OH)2晶粒的粒径为100mm~20μm时,此时剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入1.5mol/L CoSO4溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的Co(OH)2层,反应3小时~3天;c、将由表面梯度包覆Co(OH)2的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/Co∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结、再研磨,得到最终产品,所得产品的化学式为:LiNi1-a-bCoaMbO2,其中a=0~0.4、b=0~0.1,M为掺杂离子。本发明制备前驱物[Ni1-a-bCoaMb(HO)2]使用共沉淀法,对LiNiO2进行掺杂,然后在其表面梯度包覆一层LiCoO2,该包覆层是梯度包覆,可大大提高LiNiO2材料的循环性能。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有Co2+的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为11.20±0.05、温度为57±0.5℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为1.5mol/L;b、当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入1.5mol/LMgSO4溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的Mg(OH)2层,反应3小时~3天;c、将由表面梯度包覆Mg(OH)2的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/Co∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结、研磨,得到最终产品,所得产品的化学式为:LiNi1-a-bMgaCobO2,其中a=0~0.4、b=0~0.1。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有Co2+的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为11.20±0.05、温度为57±0.5℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为1.5mol/L;b、当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入1.5mol/L Al2(SO4)3溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的Al(OH)3层,反应3小时~3天;c、将由表面梯度包覆Al(OH)3的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/Al∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结,得到最终产品,所得产品的化学式为:LiNi1-a-bAlaMbO2,其中a=0~0.4、b=0~0.1,M为Co2+

Claims (3)

1、一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于它是这样实现的:a、向反应容器中加入含有掺杂离子的NiSO4溶液和NH3·H2O与NaOH混合溶液,反应2小时~2天,其中pH值为9.5~12.5、温度为40~70℃、NiSO4溶液浓度为0.5~2.5mol/L;b、当剩余NiSO4溶液的体积为初始体积的10~40%时,向剩余NiSO4溶液逐渐加入0.5~2.5mol/L X2(SO4)y溶液,同时将混合溶液逐渐加入到反应容器中,使Ni(OH)2晶粒表面形成梯度包覆的X(OH)y层,反应3小时~3天,所述X为Co、Mg、Ti、Zr、Al或B;c、将由表面梯度包覆X(OH)y的掺杂Ni(OH)2与LiOH按照摩尔比为Ni/X∶Li=(1.0~1.15)∶1的比例混合、研匀、烧结、再研磨,得到最终产品。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述掺杂离子为Co2+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Al3+和NH+ 4中的一种或几种。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述掺杂离子为Ni2+重量的1~40%。
CNB200410043772XA 2004-08-04 2004-08-04 一种梯度包覆LiNiO2锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1284255C (zh)

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CN102110808B (zh) * 2009-12-23 2013-06-12 河南科隆集团有限公司 高性能的球形锂离子二次电池阴极材料的制备方法
TWI547002B (zh) * 2012-06-11 2016-08-21 輔仁大學學校財團法人輔仁大學 鋰鎳鈷正極材料粉體
CN103078109A (zh) * 2013-01-16 2013-05-01 中南大学 一种梯度包覆镍酸锂材料及其制备方法
CN104347867B (zh) * 2013-07-26 2017-10-31 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种锂电池正极材料及其制备方法
CN104241638B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2017-09-19 中南大学 一种镍基材料的应用
CN104538612B (zh) * 2014-12-20 2017-03-08 贵州中伟正源新材料有限公司 一种镍铝锂正极材料的制备方法
CN104577106A (zh) * 2015-01-13 2015-04-29 辽宁大学 一种锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
CN107611384B (zh) * 2017-08-30 2021-03-23 中国科学院过程工程研究所 一种高性能浓度梯度高镍材料、其制备方法及在锂离子电池的用途
CN108199038A (zh) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) 一种可调控比例锂离子电池富镍正极材料的制备方法
CN109904445A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-18 中南大学 一种富锂锰基锂电池用正极材料的制备方法及材料

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