CN1283875A - 具有不对称谐振隧道的发光二极管 - Google Patents

具有不对称谐振隧道的发光二极管 Download PDF

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CN1283875A
CN1283875A CN00117642.0A CN00117642A CN1283875A CN 1283875 A CN1283875 A CN 1283875A CN 00117642 A CN00117642 A CN 00117642A CN 1283875 A CN1283875 A CN 1283875A
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王望南
优利·G·施里特
优利·T·里班
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HUASHANG PHOTOELECTRIC CO Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/04Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
    • H01L33/06Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/30Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
    • H01L33/32Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen

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Abstract

一种基于具有电荷不平衡谐振隧道的双阱系统的LED,包括第一和第二耦合阱,一个阱是宽阱,另一个阱是有源量子阱。这些阱通过谐振隧道势垒耦合,该势垒能透过电子,阻挡空穴。

Description

具有不对称谐振隧道的发光二极管
本发明涉及发光二极管(LED)。
发射红、绿、蓝、红外、和紫外光的半导体LED出现在市场已有许多年。为在LED中产生光,采用了电子和空穴在有源层中的辐射复合。有源层可以是通常的p-n结、异质结、单量子阱或多量子阱。在某些LED中,用单量子阱或多量子阱作有源层。为制造高效器件,应使有源层内复合的载流子数最大,而使有源层外复合的载流子数最小。这便要求优化进入有源层的电子和空穴的俘获率。半导体中,通常空穴的有效质量比电子大得大,而迁移率比电子小得多。因此,未被俘获到有源层中的一些电子逸出有源层,在其外复合。所以,妨碍了高效LED器件的制造。
本发明提供一种基于具有不对称隧道的双阱系统的LED设计,该系统包括第一和第二耦合阱,即,宽阱(WW)和有源量子阱(QW),这些阱通过能够透过电子而阻挡空穴的谐振隧道势垒(RTB)耦合。宽阱和有源量子阱都可以由单量子阱(SQW)结构或多量子阱(MQW)结构构成。
本发明可以增大俘获在具有量子阱的有源层中的电子数,可以制造高效LED。
LED例如可以是GaN LED、GaAs LED、AlGaInP或ZnSe LED。更一般说,LED可以是利用Ⅲ-Ⅴ族和Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体的LED。
如果LED是GaN LED,宽阱可以包括InGaN,谐振隧道势垒包括GaN,量子阱包括InGaN。
p-接触层可以是GaN、p-AlxGa1-xN和p-型多晶GaN。
p-接触层可以利用Mg和Al中的一种或两种,通过等电子双掺杂而被掺杂。
LED的衬底可以去掉,或已通过湿法腐蚀或激光磨蚀去掉。
欧姆接触可以在LED结构上部和下部,或都在上部。
两阱之间的谐振隧道是指WW底部的能级位置必须等于有源QW的最小次能带的能级位置。通过调节WW和QW中的合金组分,并选择合适的QW宽度,可以解决该问题。
这种设计的基础是例如GaN中的电子空穴的质量不平衡。
可以使有源QW中的电子次能带位置固定于WW的底部,同时,使QW中最小次能带对于空穴来说保持低于WW的底部,从而禁止空穴透过,同时WW中没有热激发。重要的是,由于它们较重的质量,对所选势垒宽度来说,少量的热激发空穴不能隧穿到WW中。
以下是对该结构的介绍:
-由于电子从WW直接隧穿到QW中,所以提高了到有源QW的电子俘获效率
-抑制了电子到p型层的漏电
-消除了有源层外产生的杂光
-由于失配减轻(~4倍),所以,用WW作良好的电流传输层,意味着有源QW质量的提高。原因是生长于高张力应变薄GaN势垒层上的有源In0.2Ga0.8N(例如)QW的晶格常数接近In0.15Ga0.85N(例如)WW
-由于n-GaN/In0.15Ga0.85N(例如)界面上具有大应力,所以WW还用作螺旋位错的停止层
-不需要使用电子阻挡层作该技术中的构成部分
-由于对于例如GaN LED中的较薄n-GaN层来说,我们希望获得相同质量的有源QW,所以生长时间减少
最后,与常规结构相比,该结构应该能制造更便宜且更有效的LED。
下以结合附图以例子的方式介绍本发明,各附图中:
图1、3、5、7、8和9是本发明结构的例子,
图2、4、和6分别是图1、3和5所示结构的简化能带图。
图1示出了第一种结构,该结构是基于具有不对称隧道的双阱系统的GaN蓝光LED设计。所说系统包括两个耦合阱:宽阱(WW)和有源量子阱(QW)。这些阱通过能透过电子而阻挡空穴的谐振隧道势垒(RTB)耦合。表1列出了以该第一结构为基础的蓝光LED的各参数。表2列出了以该第一结构为基础的绿光LED的各参数。
表1
    #     层     组分     厚度 掺杂(cm-3)
1 缓冲层 GaN或AlGaN/GaN应变超晶格 50-500埃 UD(未掺杂)
2 n-接触 GaN:Si 1-5μm 5×1018-1020
3 WW InGaN(In含量15%) 500埃 UD或n-型
4 RTB GaN 10埃 UD
5 有源QW InGaN(In含量20%) 25埃 UD
6 p-接触 GaN:Mg或GaN:Mg+Al 0.5微米 ~1018
表2
    #     层     组分 厚度 掺杂(cm-3)
    1 缓冲层 GaN或AlGaN/GaN应变超晶格 50-500埃 UD(未掺杂)
    2 n-接触 GaN:Si 3-5μm 5×1018-1020
    3 电子注入阱 InGaN(In含量28%) 500埃 UD或n-型
    4 RTB GaN 8埃 UD
    5 有源阱 InGaN(In含量40%) 15埃 UD
    6 p-接触 GaN:Mg或GaN:Mg+Al 0.5微米 ~1018
图3示出了与第一结构类似的第二结构,但该结构具有额外的p-Al0.1Gax-0.1N电子阻挡层,用于进一步减少电子流漏电。
图5示出了与第二结构类似的第三结构,但该结构没有p-GaN层。
p-Al0.1Gax-0.1N电子阻挡层用作接触。这样将减小p型层的厚度,促进空穴注入有源层,改善光通过宽带隙窗口的引出。
图7示出了第四结构,除淀积额外的多晶GaN层,以制造有效的p-型欧姆结构外,该结构与第一、第二和第三结构类似。
该图示结构是具有额外的多晶GaN层的第一结构的改进型。
图8示出了基于具有电荷不平衡谐振隧道的双阱系统的AlGaInP基LED。该LED具有厚100-300微米的n-型GaAs衬底和所附着的金属接触。该衬底上,淀积有n-型GaAs缓冲层。n-接触层淀积于缓冲层上,由0.3-1微米厚的n-型(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,掺杂浓度为5×1017-1020cm-3。在该层上,外延生长有由单未掺杂层或多量子阱结构构成的电子发射宽阱。未掺杂电子发射层可由0.02-0.2微米厚的(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0.2≤x≤0.5。多量子阱结构可由小于1微米厚的(AlxGa1-x)1-yInyP/(Alx1Ga1-x1)1-y1Iny1P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,0.4≤y≤0.6,0≤x1≤0.4,0≤y1≤0.4。然后,外延淀积由10-100埃厚的未掺杂(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P层构成的电荷不平衡谐振隧道势垒,其中0.7≤x≤1。优化势垒的宽度和高度,以允许电子从电子注入宽阱层到有源阱的谐振隧穿,同时阻挡空穴从有源阱隧穿到电子注入层。有源阱层可以是单量子阱(SQW)结构或多量子阱(MQW)结构。SQW结构可以由小于200埃厚的未掺杂(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0≤x≤0.4。MQW结构可以由小于3微米厚的(AlxGa1-x)1-yInyP/(Alx1Ga1-x1)1-y1Iny1P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,0.4≤y≤0.6,0≤x1≤0.4,0≤y1≤0.4。空穴发射层由p-型(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1。窗层由p-型InxGa1-xP构成,其中x≤0.1。在空穴发射层上,淀积有金属欧姆接触。表3列出了基于电荷不平衡谐振隧道结构的AlInGaP LED的各参数。
表3
    #     层     组分     厚度 掺杂(cm-3)
    1 缓冲层 n-GaAs     0.1-0.3μm 5×1017-1019
    2 n-接触 (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P,0.5≤x≤1,     0.3-2um 5×1017-1020
    3 WW (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P,0.2≤x≤0.5,     100-2000埃 UD或n-型
    4 RTB (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P,0.7≤x≤1,     10-100埃 UD
    5 有源QW (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P,SQW或MQW     SQW 25-100埃,MQW 0.2-1微米 UD
    6 p-接触 (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P,0.5≤x≤1,     0.5-2微米 5×1016-1018
    7 窗层 InxGa1-xP,x≤0.1     8-12微米 5×1017-1018
图9示出了第五结构,除没有衬底和欧姆接触位于该结构的上部和下部外,该结构与第一、第二、第三和第四类似。额外的厚GaN层淀积于GaN缓冲层上,以便在利用193或248nm UV范围的准分子激光去掉了蓝宝石衬底后,该结构能独立存在。

Claims (10)

1、一种基于具有电荷不平衡谐振隧道的双阱系统的LED,包括第一和第二耦合阱,一个阱是宽阱,另一个阱是有源量子阱,这些阱通过谐振隧道势垒耦合,该势垒能透过电子,阻挡空穴。
2、根据权利要求1的LED,该LED是GaN基LED。
3、根据权利要求2的LED,其中宽阱包括InGaN,谐振隧道势垒包括GaN,量子阱包括InGaN。
4、根据权利要求1的LED,其中有源阱是多量子阱结构。
5、根据权利要求1的LED,其中缓冲层是应变超晶格。
6、根据权利要求1的LED,其中p-接触层是GaN、p-AlxGa1-xN和p-型多晶GaN中的一种。
7、根据权利要求1的LED,其中p接触层利用Mg和Al中的一种或两种,通过等电子双掺杂而被掺杂。
8、根据权利要求1的LED,其中衬底可以去掉,或已通过湿法腐蚀或激光磨蚀去掉。
9、根据权利要求1的LED,其中欧姆接触都在LED结构的上部或在上部和下部。
10、根据权利要求1的LED,该LED是AlGaInP基LED,包括:
厚100-300微米的n-型GaAs衬底;
附着于衬底上的金属欧姆接触;
n-型GaAs缓冲层,其掺杂浓度为5×1017-1019cm-3,厚度为0.1-0.3微米;
n-包覆层,该层由0.3-2微米厚的n-型(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,掺杂浓度为5×1017-1020cm-3
电子发射层,该层包括单未掺杂电子发射层或多量子阱结构,所说单未掺杂电子发射层由厚0.01-0.2微米的(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P层构成,其中0.2≤x≤0.5,所说多量子阱结构由小于1微米厚的(AlxGa1-x)1-yInyP/(Alx1Ga1-x1)1-y1Iny1P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,0.4≤y≤0.6,0≤x1≤0.4,0≤y1≤0.4;
电荷不平衡谐振隧道势垒,包括~10-100埃厚的未掺杂(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P层,其中0.7≤x≤1;
有源阱层,该层为单量子阱结构或多量子阱结构,所说单量子阱结构由小于200埃厚的未掺杂(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0≤x≤0.4,多量子阱结构由小于1微米厚的(AlxGa1-x)1-yInyP/(Alx1Ga1-x1)1-y1Iny1P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,0.4≤y≤0.6,0≤x1≤0.4,0≤y1≤0.4;
0.3-1微米厚的空穴发射层,该层由p-型(AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P构成,其中0.5≤x≤1,掺杂浓度为5×1016-1018cm-3
小于12微米的窗层,该层由p-型InxGa1-xP构成,其中x≤0.1,掺杂浓度为5×1017-5×1018cm-3;及
淀积于空穴发射层上的金属欧姆接触。
CN00117642.0A 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 具有不对称谐振隧道的发光二极管 Expired - Fee Related CN1187843C (zh)

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