CN1283330C - 小侵入超声治疗椎间盘疾病的设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
小侵入超声治疗椎间盘疾病的设备。提供一种通过产生用于加热的超声波场,其温度的焦点(F)位于椎间盘(5)内,从而治疗患者(4)椎间盘(5)的治疗超声波换能器(2)。该设备包括带有信号接收或信号发送单元(32)的光学导向设备(20)。参照设备(28)设定有与椎间盘(5)相关的位置。治疗超声波换能器(2)用以插入穿过患者(4)皮肤并与椎间盘(5),最好是纤维环(8)相结合,而且换能器具有柔软的壁,在柔软壁中含有超声波发射元件。在柔软壁与超声波发射元件之间至少放置有一个冷却腔(11),冷却腔(11)内有冷却液以冷却超声波发射元件和最靠近治疗用超声波换能器(2)的组织,还提供温度传感器以测量椎间盘(5),最好是纤维环(8)中的温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于小侵入超声治疗椎间盘疾病的设备,其中提供至少一个治疗超声波换能器,通过上述的治疗超声波换能器产生的超声波场进行加热(温度的焦点位于椎间盘内,最好在髓核内),从而治疗患者的椎间盘,最好是髓核。
背景技术
椎间盘由外部的纤维组织环、纤维环和内部更粘的髓核组成。椎间盘起吸收震动的作用,如果纤维环破坏,例如小裂缝,椎间盘物质便可以找到出口,从而导致压迫神经根并诱发发炎反应。
从三十年代开始,采取用手术去除脱出的椎间盘外沿和/或部分椎间盘凸起的方法治疗下垂的椎间盘。后来,手术治疗向更少侵入操作方向发展,目前,显微镜和经由皮肤的技术被用于去除脱出的椎间盘物质。一种代替外科手术的方法就是髓核化学溶解法(chemonucleolys),该方法中木瓜凝乳蛋白酶被注射到髓核(椎间盘的中间部分)中。这种酶使髓核中的长蛋白多糖链发生聚合从而丧失吸湿性。这减小了髓核和椎间盘凸起部分的体积和压力,它解释了坐骨神经痛患者在髓核化学溶解法治疗后疼痛的减轻。这种方法被证明在75%的情况中可以使疼痛减轻并且具有较好的有据可查的成本效率。不幸的是,这种方法在大约1%的情况中导致严重的过敏反应。发展的下阶段应该是非侵入治疗下垂椎间盘,其中最好是没有疼痛,避免传染冒险而且以流动的方式进行。
一种用于组织的温热和凝结疗法的方法包括使用聚焦的高强度超声波。超声波很好地穿过软组织并能被聚焦到在几个毫米表面上的细微点上。组织中能量的吸收急剧地提高其温度,结果使得治疗体积的边界受到明显的限制,并不对周围的组织造成损伤(US 5 291 890,US 5 501655)。下垂椎间盘的超声波治疗以前大家已知道的(EP 0 872 262)。
椎间盘的加热治疗或温热疗法已在称为IDET(US 6 073 051,US 6007 570,US 5 980 504)的方法中得到成功的证实。作为该方法的目标必须通过套管的方法插入一根导管到椎间盘中。导管上的最远端有线圈,通过在线圈上应用无线电频率的电压对线圈进行加热(US 5 785 705)。放置有导管加热元件的髓核中加热温度升高到大约900℃,治疗进行大约15分钟。
与其它热治疗技术相比,采用聚焦超声波手术具有几个优点。首先,它是非侵入的,第二,焦点可以移动,第三,能量可以在几秒钟之内供给。超声波的局限在于其在骨头中的吸收和对充气通道的较差的穿透能力。超声波手术的临床应用目前在眼科手术、泌尿学和肿瘤学中得到大量的应用。超声波的影响可以划分为热影响和非热影响。
超声波的热影响是由于组织对超声波的吸收引起的。这导致温度的升高,温度升高依赖于超声波的参数(频率和强度)以及组织的声学特性。超声波在肌肉与骨骼中的吸收随着磷灰石和蛋白质的含量增加而增加,这意味着在骨、软骨、腱以及韧带中的吸收高。然而,水,具有低的超声波吸收能力,由于这个原因,可以用作超声波换能器和组织之间的声学介质。在纤维环(胶原质含量高)中可能引起比在髓核(水含量高)中更高的吸收。这将导致椎间盘外面部分温度比中间部分更高。为了避免在髓核中温度达到足够水平的同时纤维环中的温度超过有害的水平,超声波可能从几个超声波源发射。在这种方法中,超声波场将彼此交迭而且在包括纤维环的周围组织中的强度保持较低的同时,增加在髓核中的作用效果,
发明内容
本发明的目标就是对于上述的设备,使其容易将超声波换能器的超声波场的温度焦点容易定位于椎间盘(最好是髓核)中的期望点。根据本发明,采用本发明的设备,该目标得以实现。
根据本发明,提供一种小侵入超声治疗椎间盘疾病的设备,其中提供至少一个用于治疗患者椎间盘的治疗超声波换能器,通过所述的治疗超声波换能器产生用于加热的超声波场,温度的焦点位于椎间盘内,所述设备还包括光学导向设备以引导治疗超声波换能器,所述设备的特征在于在治疗超声波换能器的末端有能适合于纤维环表面的柔软壁;在柔软壁中提供至少一个超声波发射元件;以及提供至少一个用于测量柔性壁内部侧面温度的温度传感器。
采用本发明的设备,治疗超声波换能器的超声波场的温度焦点能够被定位和保持在椎间盘(最好是髓核)中的期望点。
附图说明
图1示意性地说明根据本发明的设备的具体结构;
图2示意性地说明根据图1设备构成部分的治疗超声波换能器;
图3示意性地说明可以作为根据图1设备构成部分的校准设备。
具体实施方式
图1中示意性说明的治疗设备1,适合于通过治疗超声波换能器2(称为治疗换能器)产生超声波场3以用于患者4椎间盘5治疗,超声波场3的温度焦点F被定位在患者4的椎间盘5内,最好在髓核6中。治疗超声波换能器2包括多个用于确定其位置的位置发射器7,最好是三个以上。
治疗超声波换能器2适合于被插入穿过患者的皮肤并与椎间盘5(最好是纤维环8)相结合,使髓核6中的局部温度升高,激活椎间盘5中的酶(比如胶原酶),使得胶原质和蛋白聚糖发生分解,导致髓核6主要由于丧失吸湿性而收缩。治疗超声波换能器2可以不对纤维环8钻孔靠着椎间盘5放置,因此可以朝向治疗体积发射聚焦于温度焦点F的超声波场3。治疗超声波换能器2的发射元件9,例如压电元件,可按目前在前列腺癌的微波治疗(US 5 964 791)中相似的方式,用水进行冷却,水被用于晶片以及最靠近治疗超声波换能器2组织的冷却。
为了提供上述的冷却,在超声波换能器2的末端10提供至少一个有冷却液12的冷却腔11。冷却腔11位于发射元件9和膜状的壁13之间,壁13由柔软材料制成,当彼此接触时,上述的壁能够与纤维环8的表面适合。
超声波换能器2还包括至少一个温度传感器14用于治疗前和/或治疗过程中测量温度。为了增加治疗的体积,超声波换能器2的方向或安装可以变化从而使温度焦点扫查更大的面积。温度传感器14被用来测量在柔软壁内部侧面的温度,而且它最好被连接到上述的壁13上,从而使得当柔软壁13与纤维环8表面接触时,温度传感器14随着上述壁13变形。
冷却液12最好是水,水穿过入口通道15到冷却腔11,并从此处穿过出口通道16,从而使水可以循环穿过冷却腔11。在发射元件9中采用了密封装置17以阻止冷却液找到流出冷却腔11的途径。
更详细地,治疗超声波换能器2适合于引起髓核6中的局部温度升高,从而激活椎间盘5中的酶(比如胶原酶),使得胶原质和蛋白聚糖发生分解,从而导致髓核6主要由于吸湿性降低而收缩。
治疗设备1可以包括带有相应内部的硬管18和几个位置发射器19,最好是3个这样的发射器。管18可以通过光学导向技术背向外侧向椎间盘5插入。然后管18的内部被治疗超声波换能器2替代,上述的管18在图1中用用虚线示意性地说明。
治疗设备1还包括光学导向设备20以引导治疗超声波换能器2(US5 772 594)。这种光学导向器20包括至少一个诊断照相机21,照相机21适合于在监视器24上产生至少一张治疗区域22解剖结构23的照片或图像。诊断照相机21可以是X射线照相机25,它从不同方向,最好是有90°夹角,获取两张治疗区域22的解剖结构照片,并将它们展示或显示在监视器24上。在光学导向设备20方面,X射线照相机25与光学同步数字转换器一起使用,以在监视器24上获得或者产生治疗超声波换能器2位置和方向的实时图像或照片(US 6 021 343,US 5 834 759,US 5 383 454)。
X射线照相机25包括校准设备26,例如校准罩,校准设备位于X射线照相机25的物镜之前并且有已知相互距离的标记27。标记27可以是圆形的并由,例如,钽组成。
光学导向设备20还包括参照设备28,参照设备28被附到椎骨29的棘突30上或者相应的位置上,从而获得相对于治疗区域22的确定或固定位置。参照设备28具有几个位置发射器31,也就是最后至少3个,它们可以由金属材料(例如钽)组成。
此外,光学导向设备20还包括信号接收和/或信号发射单元32。这包括用于分别接收分别来自于治疗超声波换能器2以及参照设备28的位置发射器7和31的反射信号或其它信号的适当数量的信号接收器33、34。信号接收和/或信号发送单元32最终可以包括一个或者更多的信号发射器35以发送或传输信号到上述被用于接收这些信号的位置发射器7和31。
由位置发射器7和31发射的信号可以是,例如,红外光的形式,而且在这种情况下,信号接收器33、34可以是红外光接收器。
在治疗设备1中还可以包括校准单元37,它用于校准治疗超声波换能器2温度焦点F的温度效果。校准单元37具有一个或者多个热电偶38,采用热电偶38,可以测量上述温度焦点F的作用效果以用于校准。热电偶38连接到示意性说明的测量仪39上。
在椎间盘5(最好是髓核6)的治疗之前,将参照设备28放到患者4的椎骨29上而且治疗超声波换能器2在校准单元37中校准。
获得两张在椎间盘5处患者4的解剖结构X射线照片,这些X射线照片显示在监视器24上。于是在这些X射线照片上,参照设备28相对于椎间盘5的位置可以通过校准设备26的标记27得到确定。
在对椎间盘5(最好是髓核6)治疗的过程中,通过信号接收或信号发送单元32对治疗超声波换能器2进行导向,因此治疗超声波换能器2的导向显示在监视器24上。这是在治疗超声波换能器2的位置发射器7通过信号与信号接收或信号发送单元32的信号发射器33,34协作时得以实现。通过上述的导向,治疗超声波换能器2能够被放置到其超声波场3的温度焦点位于椎间盘5(最好是髓核6)中的位置。温度焦点内的温度最好超过45℃。
如果患者4移动到相对于治疗超声波换能器2不正确的位置,反过来也是一样,治疗能够被自动中断。
本发明并不限于上述描述的具体实施方式。因此,受治疗的椎间盘5可以,例如,身体中的任何椎间盘。
诊断相机21可以是计算机断层图像(CT)扫描仪,它被用于产生上述解剖结构23的图像,而且这些图像可以在计算机程序或软件中被加工以获得在监视器24中的三维(3D)图像。
治疗超声波换能器2可以被手动放置或被放到配置设备40上以将其相对于待治疗椎间盘5进行放置。
Claims (21)
1.小侵入超声治疗椎间盘疾病的设备,其中提供至少一个用于治疗患者(4)椎间盘(5)的治疗超声波换能器(2),通过所述的治疗超声波换能器(2)产生用于加热的超声波场(3),该超声波场的温度焦点(F)位于椎间盘(5)内,所述设备还包括光学导向设备(20)以引导治疗超声波换能器,所述设备的特征在于
-在治疗超声波换能器(2)的末端(10)有能适合于纤维环(8)表面的柔软壁(13);
-在柔软壁(13)中提供至少一个超声波发射元件(9);以及
-提供至少一个用于测量柔性壁(13)内部侧面温度的温度传感器(14)。
2.根据权利要求1的设备,其特征在于
-光学导向设备(20)包括至少一个诊断照相机(21),诊断照相机(21)产生至少一张治疗区域(22)的解剖结构(23)的照片或图像,待治疗的椎间盘(5)位于治疗区域(22)内,以及
-光学导向设备(20)还包括至少一个信号接收或信号发送单元(32),信号接收或信号发送单元(32)适合于发送信号至和/或接收来自于位置发射器(31,7)的反射或其它信号,位置发射器(31,7)位于
a)参照设备(28)上,参照设备(28)具有相对于椎间盘(5)的固定位置,以及
b)治疗超声波换能器(2)上,使得相对于所述治疗区域(22)的位置能够得到确定。
3.根据权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于治疗超声波换能器(2)插入穿过患者(4)的皮肤并与椎间盘(5)结合。
4.根据权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于在柔软壁(13)与超声波发射元件(9)之间,设置至少一个有冷却液(12)的冷却腔(11),冷却液(12)用于对超声波发射元件(9)和最接近治疗超声波换能器(2)的组织进行冷却。
5.根据权利要求4的设备,其特征在于冷却液(12)穿过冷却腔(11)循环流动。
6.根据权利要求5的设备,其特征在于冷却液(12)是水。
7.根据权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于温度传感器(14)用于测量柔软壁(13)内侧的温度。
8.根据权利要求7的设备,其特征在于温度传感器(14)与柔软壁(13)连接在一起,使得当所述壁(13)与椎间盘(5)接触变形时,温度传感器(14)随着所述柔软壁(13)变形。
9.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于内部相互关联的管(18)可以背向外侧向椎间盘(5)插入并可以通过光学导向设备(20)进行导向,而且随后所述内部被治疗超声波换能器(2)替代。
10.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于诊断照相机(21)是X射线照相机(25)。
11.根据权利要求10的设备,其特征在于X射线照相机(25)包括带有标记(27)的校准设备(26),标记(27)适合于确定在监视器(24)中所显示解剖结构(23)的位置以及呈现患者(4)的椎间盘(5)。
12.根据权利要求11的设备,其特征在于监视器(24)被用于显示两张由X射线照相机(25)从两个不同位置获得的所述解剖结构(23)的X射线照片。
13.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于诊断照相机(21)为计算机断层图像扫描仪,它用于产生患者(4)椎间盘(5)处解剖结构(23)的图像,在计算机程序中处理所述图像以在监视器(24)中获得三维图像。
14.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于信号接收或信号发送单元(32)用于以红外光的形式接收或者发送信号,以及所述位置发射器(7,31)用于以红外光的形式发送或接收信号。
15.根据权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于在治疗超声波换能器(2)的温度焦点(F)中的温度超过45℃。
16.根据权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于校准设备(26)用于校准由治疗超声波换能器(2)在所述治疗超声波换能器(2)的温度焦点(F)中发射的效果和/或所述温度焦点(F)相对于治疗超声波换能器(2)的超声波发射元件(9)的位置。
17.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于参照设备(28)被附到患者(4)脊柱中的椎骨(29)上。
18.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于参照设备(28)包括由金属球组成的位置发射器(31)。
19.根据权利要求18的设备,其特征在于光学导向设备(20)的信号接收或信号发送单元(32)由至少一个X射线照相机组成。
20.根据权利要求17的设备,其特征在于参照设备(28)被附到所述椎骨(29)的棘突(30)上。
21.根据权利要求18的设备,其特征在于所述金属球是钽球。
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- 2001-07-16 HU HU0303687A patent/HU226333B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-16 EP EP01950183A patent/EP1301244B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-16 WO PCT/SE2001/001626 patent/WO2002005897A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-16 IL IL15396601A patent/IL153966A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-16 ES ES01950183T patent/ES2249453T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-16 AT AT01950183T patent/ATE304393T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-16 KR KR1020037000681A patent/KR100867311B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-16 RU RU2003101107/14A patent/RU2270707C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-01-07 NO NO20030071A patent/NO20030071L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-15 IL IL153966A patent/IL153966A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE0002678D0 (sv) | 2000-07-17 |
RU2270707C2 (ru) | 2006-02-27 |
MXPA03000456A (es) | 2003-06-06 |
AU7120801A (en) | 2002-01-30 |
ES2249453T3 (es) | 2006-04-01 |
HU226333B1 (en) | 2008-09-29 |
DE60113424T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
IL153966A0 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
NO20030071D0 (no) | 2003-01-07 |
HUP0303687A2 (en) | 2004-03-01 |
EP1301244A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
CN1443084A (zh) | 2003-09-17 |
AU2001271208B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
US7883481B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
KR100867311B1 (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
PL359363A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 |
SE0002678L (sv) | 2002-01-18 |
WO2002005897A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
KR20030016412A (ko) | 2003-02-26 |
IL153966A (en) | 2007-08-19 |
ATE304393T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
US20030163067A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
EP1301244B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
NO20030071L (no) | 2003-03-17 |
JP2004503345A (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
CA2415828A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
DK1301244T3 (da) | 2006-01-30 |
DE60113424D1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
SE518764C2 (sv) | 2002-11-19 |
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