CN1282429A - 利用urls的电视交互式接入系统 - Google Patents

利用urls的电视交互式接入系统 Download PDF

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CN1282429A
CN1282429A CN98811421A CN98811421A CN1282429A CN 1282429 A CN1282429 A CN 1282429A CN 98811421 A CN98811421 A CN 98811421A CN 98811421 A CN98811421 A CN 98811421A CN 1282429 A CN1282429 A CN 1282429A
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G·孔克尔
H·克里普斯伯奇
A·格罗斯基
J·H·E·李
J·E·奥根布朗
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Worldgate Service Inc
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Abstract

一种经信道超级链接使用户能够下载与当前观看电视广播相关的因特网网页的电视分布网络(12)。用户通过启动遥控器(23)上的网按钮通过上行信道(22)将信道超级链接请求发送给网络前端(14)。前端与因特网服务提供商ISP(30)接口,下载相关的网页。前端采用ID标记和请求信号的信道和时间来识别要下载给用户的信息的位置。较佳地,在播放前将信息从ISP预先超高速缓存到前端超高速缓存器(31),以便于更快速地将信息下载给用户。

Description

利用URLS的电视交互式接入系统
                      技术领域
本发明一般涉及通过诸如电视或广播分布式系统的网络化分布系统提供交互式接入诸如因特网的信息源的接入系统和方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及给与网络化分布系统连接的接收器提供因特网或其它信息源的信息的系统和方法，所述信息与当前接收的电视、无线电或其它发射信息的节目内容相关。
                      背景技术
众所周知，“因特网”是全世界的计算机互连网，它给用户提供有关人们能够想象的任何话题的大量信息的接入。然而，访问信息通常需要采用个人计算机和相关的硬件和软件。电视则是另一种通信媒体，随着基于电缆和卫星的分布系统的发展这种通信媒体多年来一直在增长，所述分布系统给用户提供上百甚至更多频道的接入。这两种通信媒体以前一直还未彼此组合，需要一种以方便、用户友好的方式将两种媒体组合在一起，给电视观众提供对因特网或其它信息源的信息的存取。
                      发明内容
本发明通过提供一种通过诸如电视和广播分布系统的网络化分布系统从诸如因特网的信息源接入与电视或广播节目内容相关信息的系统和方法可满足上述需求。传统的电视分布系统包括例如电视分布网络，它通过通信链路(例如同轴电缆、光纤、无线电和卫星无线链路等或其组合)接至多个用户电视机。在多数情况中，每个电视机与一个机顶转换器盒或终端连接，后者连接在通信链路与从分布网络接收电视信号并对其解码的电视机之间。这种类型的电视分布系统通常不提供或者很有限地提供通过分布网络与电视内容提供商进行通信的用户装置。
本发明较佳实施例中所采用的分布系统不同于通过提供多个设置用户与分布网络之间的上行通信信道使用户能够实时地进行通信的以前电视分布系统。此外，电视分布网络通过前端服务器或路由器与诸如因特网的信息源连接，使得每个用户通过上行通信信道将接入命令和信息请求发送到前端服务器而能够访问信息。前端服务器对被请求信息进行检索并通过多个下行电视信号信道将其下载到请求用户。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，尤其采用系统利用称为信道超级链接的技术将实时广播节目内容与广泛相关信息相链接。在有关广播和电缆电视的一个特定应用中，信道超级链接提供将被指定电视频率或信道链接至因特网万维网(WWW)网站的内容，以便于给电视观众提供有关当前所观看节目内容的附加信息。例如，如果用户当前正在观看某一产品的广告，它们能够简单地启动其电视遥控器上的按钮，在几秒内从因特网Web网站接收有关给特定产品的附加信息。
为了实施本发明的较佳实施例，将一个或多个前端数据库接至前端服务器，前者包括在电视分布网络上播放的节目和广告的有关基于因特网的信息。更具体地说，对于与因特网位置相关的每个节目或广告，数据库包括与这种节目或广告相关的因特网位置的统一资源定位符(URL)地址信息。较佳地，被指定因特网位置的HTML(超文本标记语言)Web网站数据也被预先存储在与前端服务器连接的超高速缓存器中，以大大缩短其访问时间。为了便于从因特网的Web网站的这一预计超高速缓存，前端服务器与因特网服务提供商(ISP)连接，在节目播放前将Web网站数据从ISP下载到超高速缓存器，将其与Web网站数据超级链接。
当系统用户希望访问与他们当前正向观看的节目或广告相关的因特网信息时，用户可揿下其电视遥控器上的频道超级链接按钮。这命令用户的机顶转换器盒内的应用程序通过一个上行比特流信道将该请求与用户机顶转换器盒的识别号码和识别哪位用户正在观看该频道的信息一起发送到前端服务器。收到该请求时，前端服务器确定系统时钟的请求的确切时间，并利用识别号码和频道信息，访问前端数据库，对所需因特网信息的URL地址定位。然后，将这一信息与指令传送给多个因特网浏览器应用程序之一，按照转换器ID号码将相关的因特网信息下载到用户的机顶转换器盒。通常，因特网信息是HTTP(超文本传输协议)数据，它或是以传统方式用因特网浏览器从ISP动态地访问，它或是基于以前或预计用途已经在前端服务器上超高速缓存。
为了确定哪个网页应当与每个节目或广告相关，每个广播源大约每秒一次在广播信号中插入识别号码或标记，识别节目或广告内容，以及与这些内容相关的定时和持续周期信息。在广播期间用ID标记信息连续更新前端数据库。正如以上讨论的，前端数据库还包括URL数据，它与播放内容标记信息中所包含的特定节目或广告内容相关。这作为输入提供给前端数据库，并根据需要通过分别的因特网下载或者通过其它的广播或硬复制存储媒体(例如磁带)对其进行更新。此外，前端数据库包含信道映射，它使特定的转换器信道与节目源相关。以这种方式，当系统用户启动信道超级链接按钮时，前端服务器由系统时钟确定按钮启动的时间，并利用信道映射和内容标记信息以及URL数据，使转换器ID号码和信道信息与来自超高速缓存器或ISP的相关因特网信息匹配。
为了接收各种广播、下载或硬复制信息，较佳地还提供一个数据采集中心。例如，这一中心能够接收来自各种广播源(例如诸如ABC，CBS，NBC，HBO，CNN，ESPN等电视电缆网络)的卫星广播，并确定所需的内容标记信息。这一中心还接收与广播节目和广告内容相关的下载和/或硬复制URL数据。能够在主数据库中对这一信息进行组合，然后将相关部分的信息传送到根据本发明提供交互式信息源的前端服务器。由前端服务器使这一数据库信息与涉及可应用信道映射、信道和定时信息的其它数据库信息匹配，使正在电视机上观看的特定节目和广告内容与相关因特网信息交互式关联。
                      附图简述
从以下结合附图给出的对本发明较佳实施例的详细描述，本发明的特征和优点将变得更加明显，其中：
图1是根据本发明一个较佳实施例构造的系统的示意方框图，它将电视分布系统用户链接至与观看节目内容相关的基于因特网的信息。
图2是图1所示系统中所采用的网络前端的示意方框图。
图3是图1所示系统中所采用的机顶转换器盒电路的示意方框图。
图4是在系统的一个下行频道上发射的下行数据包的图。
图5A和5B是能够在图4所示下行数据包中传送的有效负载图。
图6是在系统的一个上行频道上发射的上行数据包的图。
图7A-7F是能够在图6所示上行数据包中传送的有效负载图。
                      实现本发明的最佳方式
参考图1，图中示出一个信息通信系统10，用于实现根据本发明较佳实施例的本发明频道超级链接概念。系统10包括电视分布系统12，用于把电视和其它节目分派给多个系统用户。通常，分布系统12包括网络前端14，通过分布网络16提供节目。分布网络16通过多个传输链路18把电视节目分派给相应的多个用户终端或机顶转换器盒20。每个传输链路18较佳地包括多个下行信道21和至少一个上行信道22。一般地，每个机顶转换器盒20能够使用户通过遥控装置23选择例如一个下行频道21在电视机24上观看。较佳地，遥控装置23包括计算机型键盘，它通过传统红外无线链路的方式与机顶转换器盒20进行通信。此外，通常可以采用鼠标型输入装置(未示出)与键盘23一起使用。另外，遥控装置23也可以包括一般的电视遥控器。
每个通信链路18较佳地包括一根同轴电缆，然而，应当明白，可以采用其它类型的链路，例如光学或无线链路。分布网络16利用传统的数字或模拟通信方案将多个下行频道21中每一个的视频节目信息提供给每个机顶转换器盒20。然而，与传统电视分布系统相反，通信链路18以双向方向工作是较佳的，其中，给每个机顶转换器盒20提供至少一个上行频道22，使得机顶转换器盒能够将信息请求实时地传送到网络前端14。这允许用户通过启动键盘23上的频道超级链接按钮25请求接入到基于因特网或与当前观看节目相关的其它信息。
网络前端14通常接收从卫星26分派给用户的视频节目。然而，与传统的电视分布系统不同，前端14能够接入一个或多个前端数据库28(以下称为超级链接数据库)的信息，可以采用这一信息来选择因特网或其它信息，它能够被下载到机顶转换器盒20，在用户电视机24观看。存储在超级链接数据库28中的信息是以某种方式与通过分布网络16向用户广播的节目和广告相关的参考信息。例如，参考信息较佳地包括关于每个节目或广告的来源、内容、定时和持续时间信息等。此外，一段关键信息通常是统一资源定位符(URL)，它被用于参考与播放节目和广告内容相关的更详细的信息。
有关节目内容的信息可以为任何合适形式，如文本及相关图形或图象(例如，因特网网页、完全运动视频、声频等)。尽管有关内容的信息可以来自任何来源，但是，至少一些信息从因特网获得是较佳的。这最好是通过将前端14接至传统的因特网服务提供商(ISP)30来实现。尽管前端14能够实时地接入直接来自ISP30的信息，但是较佳地，前端14是在收到来自用户的任何信息请求前接入ISP30的信息，并将信息存储或高速存储在接在ISP30与前端14之间的超高速缓冲存储器31中，以致于响应于信息请求可以快速地访问和下载给用户。
为了便于用户从视频节目或广告至相关的因特网或其它信息的频道超级链接，必须提供某种装置，识别网络前端14、用户启动超级链接请求时正在观看的节目的标志。这通过让所有的播放节目源将识别号码和标记(以下称为ID标记)大约每秒一次周期性地插入所发射的电视信号中而实现。ID标记识别节目内容，也可以识别创作节目或广告的公司或机构，以及识别特定国家或市场内已知地理和人口统计分类的唯一人口统计或地理信息。在正如下文将更详细地讨论的，前端14采用ID标记在超级链接数据库(28)中进行查表工作，以检索从ISP30和/或超高速缓存器31接入相关内容信息所必需的参考信息(例如URL)。
较佳地提供一个数据采集中心34，经卫星26从多个广播和电缆电视网络上行链路中心38(图1中仅示出一个)接收、监测和采集广播节目，每个中心由相应的广播或电缆电视网络操作。上行链路中心38的目的不仅是经卫星26播放视频节目，而且将ID标记插入到视频节目中。在模拟电视信号的情况中，这可以通过将ID标记插入到信号的垂直消隐间隔(VBI)中，或者通过将ID标记插入到声频或视频信号流中来实现。对应数字通信，如基于MPEGⅡ格式的例如，可以将ID标记数据周期性地(大约每秒一次)插入到与特定视频和声频数据流相关的数据流中。
每个上行链路中心38较佳地也与上行链路中心数据库40通信，数据库存储与节目或广告内容相关的信息，如URL或者与节目或广告内容相关的其它基于Web信息。每个上行链路中心数据库40中的URL数据较佳地经因特网与主数据库42通信，后者与数据采集中心34连接。主数据库42包含各种国家广播和电缆电视网络的所有频道超级链接的URL和其它参考数据。然后，这一信息较佳地通过因特网重新发射给每个网络前端14，这里URL数据存储在一个或多个超级链接数据库28中。另外，还应当注意，尽管存储在超级链接数据库28中的大多数URL数据将与存储在主数据库42中的相应数据相同，但是在(由节目源提供的)与ID标记相关的URL和其它Web数据对特定地理或人口位置和市场而言是唯一的情况中则存在差别。例如，广告产品的ID标记可以与属于该产品在第一市场区的一个供应商的信息和属于第二市场区的第二供应商的信息相联系。因此，数据采集中心34按照每个ID标记中可能存在的任何地理或人口统计标识符管理从主数据库42到超级链接数据库28的URL数据的发射。此外，前端数据库28很可能仅包含可能会出现由前端14接收的广播频道上的节目和广告的ID标记的信息，而主数据库42将包含所有的这些信息。
采集中心34还将从卫星26接收的所有电视信号中存在的所有ID标记合并，并将ID标记作为合并数据流重新发射给第二卫星43。第二卫星43将这一合并ID标记数据流发射给每个电缆前端14。尽管在由电缆前端14从第一卫星26接收的视频信号中显然存在ID标记，但是，ID标记的分别发射免除了需要前端14对入局视频信号的ID标记进行检测和去除。另一方面，当然将会明白，前端14本身能够检测和去除ID标记。
超级链接数据库28较佳地也接收本地视频内容源或数据库44的URL超级链接数据，数据库44例如给全国网络本地联播台、集体接入、本地学校和电缆操作者赞助频道提供信息。还提供一个本地广告插入源46，用于给每个超级链接数据库28提供本地广告ID标记。本地广告插入设备在任何ID标记将广告插入广播中实时地通知超级链接数据库28。
图2示出在本发明较佳实施例中前端14的详细情况，它是通过在下行电视信号中插入信息给每个用户提供频道超级链接和其它因特网信息而工作的。前端14的核心是前端服务器50，它管理着从ISP30、超级链接数据库28和本地数据库44的频道超级链接信息的访问、超高速缓存器31中预先超高速缓存频道超级链接信息的存储、以及从ID标记接收电路52接收节目目录ID标记信息。前端服务器50包括执行这些操作的处理器54。处理器54通过多个一般通信元件，包括超高速缓存引擎55、接口56、路由器58和频道服务单元/数据服务单元(CSU/DSU)60向ISP30发送因特网信息请求和从ISP30接收被请求的信息。超高速缓存引擎55管理来自ISP30的HTML网站超级链接数据的预计超高速缓存，和这一数据在超高速缓存器31中的存储。如果需要的话，也可以提供一个一般的图形处理器62，将从ISP30接收的HTML数据的图形部分转换为与用户电视机24兼容的图形格式。
用户通过机顶通信控制器70接收频道超级链接信息请求。这些请求被传送给会话管理器72，后者能够管理多个机顶转换器盒20的多次会话，并维持收到的请求与作出该请求的一个转换器盒20之间的关联。更具体地说，被通信控制器70接收的每个频道超级链接信息请求包括识别发出该请求的机顶转换器盒20的识别号码或代码。会话管理器72保持对这一信息的跟踪并使被请求的因特网信息与提出该请求的机顶转换器盒20之间匹配。
从一个机顶转换器盒20收到请求后，会话管理器72将该请求传送给处理器54，并将用户连接至多个现用浏览器应用程序(浏览器)74中的一个。通过提供多个正在有效运行，但是当前未被用户使用的浏览器74，能够将用户连接至频道超级链接信息，没有通常与打开浏览器应用程序有关的延迟。会话管理器72监测通过浏览器74将用户连接至频道超级链接信息时可供使用的有效浏览器74的数目，可供使用的有效浏览器的数目减少。一但这一数目达到预定的最小值，例如3时，会话管理器72使得预定数目(例如5)的浏览器74重新启动，以保证用户请求接入频道超级链接信息时总有一个浏览器可供使用。应当明白，尽管以上述方式使用多个有效浏览器是较佳的，但是，实现本发明不一定需要采用这一特征，如果需要的话，浏览器74可以以传统的“按需”方式打开。
浏览器应用程序74或是从超高速缓存器31或是从ISP30接入频道超级链接信息。浏览器应用程序74将接入的信息(例如Web网页)构造成一幅位图，较佳地将其压缩以缩短前端14与机顶转换器盒20之间的传输时间。然后，浏览器应用程序74将压缩的位图传送给终端显示管理器76。较佳地，将终端显示管理器76涉及成进一步使必须发射给机顶转换器盒20的实际信息量减至最小。这可以通过仅给机顶转换器盒20发射对被改变的部分显示屏进行更新所需的信息来实现。
机顶通信控制器70将显示信息从显示管理器76发射到数据调制器80。在较佳实施例中，调制器80包括VBI数据插入器。顾名思义，VBI数据插入器将与信道超级链接相关数据插入到当前正在一个下行信道21上播放的视频节目的垂直消隐间隔中，超级链接数据在该下载信道21上被下载。应当注意，提供多个数据调制器80，每个可供使用的下行信道21一个。另一方面，包含这一信息以及适当的标识符，作为一部分基本数字数据流。每个下行信道21还包括射频调制器82，用于将每个电视信号调制为合适的信道频率。提供给视射频合并器84，它接收来自所有射频调制器82的输出并将它们合并，形成一个单个信号。然后将这一信号馈送给双工滤波器86，最后给分布网络16。
双工滤波器86的作用是将在发射链路18上从用户接收的上行信道超级链接信息请求与下行电视信号分开。将这些上行请求从双工滤波器86馈送到多个射频解调器87，每个上行信道22一个，然后送到上行数据接收器88，后者将请求传送到通信控制器70，由前端服务器50进行处理。网络前端控制器89包括接收第二卫星36的电视广播发射信号并将发射信号分布在各个下行信道21上的设备。
较佳地，在通信控制器70中还提供一个噪声检测器90，检测每个上行信道22上的噪声电平。如果在一个上行信道22上检测到的噪声电平太高，那么，通信控制器70能够将每个机顶转换器盒20重新分配给另一个上行信道22。另一方面，通信控制器70能够指挥受影响的机顶转换器盒20，如果需要的话在较高电平上进行发射。较佳地，噪声检测器90包括通过保持对应于在每个上行信道22上接收的被损数据包的数目统计而确定噪声电平的软件。
现在参考图3，图中示出机顶转换器盒20中所包含的电路。在较佳实施例中，将从分布网络16接收的下行电视信号经射频调谐器94馈送给下行数据抽取器92。在本例中数据调制器80包括VBI插入器，抽取器92包括VBI抽取器。通常，射频调谐器94受用户控制，用于选择和解调一个下行信道21。另外，提供一个机顶或终端处理器96，它也能够控制射频调谐器94，响应于从通信控制器70接收的信息，选择在其上将接收被请求超级链接信息的一个下行信道21。抽取器92将插入的信道超级链接信息从视频信号的空白间隔中去除，并将它传送到终端处理器96。较佳地，处理器96还包括执行视频显示数据解码和解压缩功能的软件。另外，机顶转换器盒20可以包括置于提取器92与处理器96之间的执行这一功能的解码和/或解压缩模块98。
终端处理器96被接至存储器体或模块100，后者便于由处理器96执行的各种处理功能，包括来自所提取信息的视频显示信息的产生和将其显示在电视显示屏24上。终端处理器96还接收经键盘23由用户输入的信道超级链接命令。遥控器23较佳地包括红外发射器102，它与包含在机顶转换器盒20内的红外接收器104进行通信。当然应当明白，可以采用任何其它类型的输入配置，如带硬导线的键盘或鼠标器，输入信道超级链接请求。接收器104将信道超级链接请求传送给终端处理器96，后者识别射频调谐器94将被调谐到的信道。然后通过传输链路18由上行发射器106的手段将这一信息以及机顶转换器盒识别号码传送给前端14进行处理。
应当明白，虽然本发明的一个实施例是供模拟视频信号使用而特别地设计的，其中将信道超级链接信息插入到模拟视频信号的垂直消隐间隔中，如果需要的话，也能够将信息插入到水平消隐间隔和/或视频和声频流中。这两种不同配置例如对于增大信道超级链接信息的传输率是有用的。此外，利用全数字格式，例如MPEGⅡ实现本发明是很简单的。在这种配置中，数据调制器90和抽取器92则由与所选数字格式兼容的相应数字数据插入器和提取器来实现。
现在参考图4-7描述机顶转换器盒20与前端服务器50的通信控制器70之间的上行和下行数据的传输。较佳地，电视分布网络12的每个上行信道22被多路复用到多个上行时间段中，这里，每个时间段的时间长度T等于下行视频信号中单个图象场的时间长度T，这里，每个图象场包括一个图象间隔和一个垂直消隐间隔。按照USA广播协定，T等于1/60秒。此外较佳地，每个下行信道21与多个上行信道22配对。在本发明的较佳实施例中，最高达到4个上行信道与每个下行信道配对。此外，较佳地，在任何时刻，系统10中的每个机顶转换器盒20被分配给至少一个上行时间段。
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现在参考图4，来自前端服务器50的通信控制器70的下行数据的每次发射较佳地采用至少一个下行数据包110的形式。如图所示，下行数据包110包括基于其余下行数据包110的4字节循环冗余校验(CRC)值，这里采用CRC值来检测包110中数据的任何混乱。CRC值的使用是众所周知的，因此，无需作进一步描述。
下行数据包110还包括4个SND字节(SND A-SND D)，这里每个SND字节对应于与正在其上传送下行数据包110的下行信道相关的上行信道。每个SND字节包含被允许在相应上行信道的下一个上行时间段中发射上行数据的发送者(例如机顶转换器盒20)的会话ID。例如，如果SND B字节具有‘1’值，那么，分配会话ID‘1’的机顶转换器盒20可以在对应于‘B’的上行信道上在下一个上行时间段中进行发射。较佳地，如果一个特定的SND字节具有零值，那么，允许任何机顶转换器盒20在下一个相应上行时间段进行发射，例如请求新的会话。
每个下行数据包110还包括四个确认(ACK A-ACK D)字节，这里每个ACK字节对应于与正在其上发送下行数据包110的下行信道相关的上行信道。应当明白，每个ACK字节的发送是响应于在以前上行时间段内在各个上行信道上成功接收上行数据。较佳地，每个ACK字节包括发射机顶转换器盒20的会话ID和表示正在被确认的上行数据包的序列号是偶数还是奇数的一个校验位。
现在参考图5A，下行数据包110还包括一个2字节包序列号，随后是多字节的下行数据有效负载112。下行数据有效负载112包括一个1字节有效负载会话ID，用于识别有效负载的预期接收机顶转换器盒20的会话ID；一个2字节长度指示符；和正在包中被传送的数据的内容。应当明白，尽管下行信道上的所有机顶转换器盒20将接收所有的下行数据包110，但是一个特定的机顶转换器盒20将忽略正在包110中传送的数据的内容，除非该数据有效负载112具有对应于机顶转换器盒20的会话ID的有效负载会话ID。
较佳地，下行数据包110周期性地具有内务有效负载114而不是数据有效负载112，正如图5B所示。如图所示，内务有效负载114包括四个信道字节，每个信道字节识别与正在其上发送下行数据包110的下行信道21相关的四个上行信道22的各个信道。于是，如果机顶转换器盒20希望发射信道超级链接请求，那么机顶转换器盒20必须在下行信道上收听内务包114，收到这种内务包时能够确定上行信道怎么与下行信道相关。然后机顶转换器盒20能够在一个相关上行信道22上发送一个超级链接请求。
如果超级链接请求是由通道控制器70最近作出并且产生作用，那么，内务有效负载114还包括数个超级链接请求确认(ACK)。具体地，内务有效负载114包括ACK数目的一个1字节指示符，随后是各个ACK。每个ACK包括一个‘盒ID’，对应于与请求机顶转换器盒20相关的唯一终端ID号码；一个1字节会话ID，在信道超级链接会话期间识别请求机顶转换器盒20；一个2字节下行信道指示符，表示请求机顶转换器盒20应当调谐到的一个下行信道21；以及一个1字节上行信道指示符，表示机顶转换器盒20应当在其上播放的上行信道22。
现在参考图6，来自机顶转换器盒20的上行数据以上行数据包116的形式传送。如图所示，每个上行数据包116包括一个4字节CRC值，与每个下行数据包110的一样；一个1字节标识符(它具有分配给机顶转换器盒20的会话ID)和一个校验位，表示上行数据包110是否具有偶数或奇数包数目；一个1字节数据长度指示符，表示包116中多字节上行有效负载的长度；和有效负载。正如图7A所示，上行有效负载具有结构118，它包括一个2字节长度指示符和有效负载的内容。图7B-7F是各种上行有效负载的内容的例子。
正如图7B所示，来自机顶转换器盒20的信道超级链接请求120包括一个表示上行数据包116是超级链接请求120的1字节指示符；一个识别机顶转换器盒20当前正在被调谐到的电视频道的2字节指示符；和一个识别请求机顶转换器盒20的唯一盒ID的4字节指示符。收到信道超级链接请求20时，前端服务器14确定来自实时系统时钟的该请求的时间。然后前端服务器14采用该时间和电视信道号码接入超级链接数据库28，定位在合适的URL。
正如图7C所示，上行确认有效负载122包括表示上行数据包116是上行确认122的1字节指示符、正在被确认的下行数据包110的2字节顺序号、和1字节确认(ACK)指示符。
偶然地，未收到预期的下行数据包110，或者收到混乱或有差错的数据包。于是，正如图7D所示，上行数据包116可以包含上行重发请求有效负载124，它包括一个表示上行数据包116是重发请求124的1字节指示符和一个必须被重发的下行数据包110的2字节顺序号。
如果正在被机顶转换器盒20上行发送的数据是来自计算机型键盘或者其它装置的键击，那么，上行数据包116具有上行键击有效负载126，如图7E所示，它包括一个表示上行数据包116是键击有效负载126的1字节指示符和一个2字节键击代码。应当明白，如果键击来自键盘，键击代码包括CTRL/ALT/SHIFT键是否是在击键时正在被揿下的信息。
如果用户采用鼠标或类似鼠标的装置作为输入装置，鼠标移动向机顶转换器盒20和接入系统10输入命令。于是，上行数据包116可以包括上行鼠标移动信息128，如图7F所示。鼠标移动信息128包括一个表示上行数据包116是鼠标移动有效负载128的1字节标识符、一个1字节鼠标器点击代码、一个2字节鼠标X坐标和一个2字节鼠标Y坐标。应当理解，一个字节鼠标器点击代码包括CTRL/ALT/SHIFT键是否正在被揿下的信息和左、中、右鼠标器按键信息。
本领域的专业人员将会明白，可以改变下行和上行数据包110、116的具体结构，而不会偏离本发明的精神和范围。例如，如果仅把三个上行信道22分配给一个下行信道20，在下行数据包110中仅需三个SND和三个ACK字节(图4)。同样，在结构或尺寸方面可以增加、删除或改变数据包110，116中的字段。
应当明白，由于典型电视分布网络的结构，上行信道上的噪声是有问题的。结果，已知上行信道的差错率会高达1∶100000至1∶100。于是，较佳地，使上行数据包116保持相对较短，以减小任何一个包将被噪声挠乱的几率。然而，应当注意，在绝大多数上行命令相对较短：鼠标移动、键击等的情况中，这种短的上行包116不是禁止的。
采用如上所述的接入系统10，机顶转换器盒20以下述方式产生一个信道超级链接请求。初步地，将机顶转换器盒20调谐到正在其上发送下行数据包110的下行信道21，听内务数据包114，以确定哪个上行信道22与该下行信道21相关。随机选择一个上行信道22，在还未被各个SND字节预分配的上行时间段中传送超级链接请求120。如果在预定个数的时间周期T(对应于图象场的长度和上行时间段的长度)顺次收到超级链接请求确认(ACK)，那么，超级链接请求被成功地接收。如果不是，那么，可以随机地试一试新的下行和上行信道21和22。
在两个机顶转换器盒20在同一上行时间段内发送超级链接请求的可能性不大的情况中，通信控制器70将接收碰撞数据，没有一个机顶转换器盒20将接收ACK。较佳地，每个机顶转换器盒20等待一段随机时间，试图作第二次超级链接请求。重复这一过程直至通信控制器70对二次超级链接请求作了处理为止。
一旦确认收到超级链接会话请求，机顶转换器盒20响应于该请求等待已经给机顶转换器盒20寻址的下行数据包110。较佳地，对每个接收的下行数据包110进行校验，以确定数据包顺序号是否正确。如果数据包的顺序号是错误的，那么，用成功地接收的最后数据包的包顺序号发送一个重发请求124。较佳地，前端服务器50将重发请求124解译为一个重新发送具有重发顺序号的数据包110的请求，而后发送每个数据包110。
如果重发请求124多次发送而没有结果，或者如果在预定的时间周期内机顶转换器盒20还未收到下行数据包，那么，机顶转换器盒20能够试图重新连接。较佳地，在重新连接尝试中，机顶转换器盒20在一个新的上行信道22上作出一个超级链接会话请求120，通信控制器70在一个不同的下行信道21上作出响应。
正如以上讨论的，每个下行数据包110和上行数据包116被包接收者快速确认(ACK)，如图4和7C所示。应当理解，这种快速ACK是解决噪声问题和提供实时接入ISP30所需的。较佳地，数据包发送者等待最多两个上行时间段或图象场以接收来自数据包接收者的ACK。如果机顶转换器盒20这时未收到ACK，那么，该机顶转换器盒20较佳地重新发送寻求确认的上行数据包116。如果迫使机顶转换器盒20以预定次数重新发送数据，较佳地在新的下行和上行信道21和22上作出重新连接。
在信道超级链接系统10的操作中，每个前端14在播放前较佳地从ISP30对关于与入局节目相关的信道超级链接的HTML数据作预先超高速缓存，并将这一信息存储在超高速缓存器31中。当从卫星26接收视频节目以及从第二卫星43接收ID标记流时，前端14从数据流采集超级链接ID标记，由此降低前端14的硬件成本。在任何给定时刻，前端14能够识别任何信道的节目内容。前端14在收到来自主数据库42的URL数据时，还能够从ISP30检索位于该URL地址的Web信息。正如以上讨论的，虽然这一过程在视频广播前进行是较佳的，以便于超级链接请求的更快速处理，但是，必要的话，这一过程也可以实时地进行。
如果在频道A上观看节目或广告的用户例如希望获得有关该广告产品和电视节目的附加信息，那么，该用户揿下键盘23上的信道超级链接按钮25，启动请求。机顶转换器盒20内的终端处理器96接收该请求，并将其与信道和转换器盒识别信息一起传送给前端14作处理。
当前端14收到用户的信道超级链接信息请求时，通信控制器70将信道ID信息传送给终端处理器96，后者识别将在其上发射被请求信道超级链接信息的一个下行信道21。相应地，终端处理器96指令射频调谐器94切换到被指定的信道。会话管理器72则将用户连接至一个可供使用的现用浏览器74，前端处理器54使用信道和请求时间信息在超级链接数据库28中进行查表操作。在这个例子中，处理器54接入超高速缓存器31的HTML数据，它对应于在作出超级链接请求的确切时刻由信道A的超级链接ID标记所识别的URL信息。然后由浏览器74在所选下行信道上将HTML数据下载给用户，在其电视机24上显示。如果采用本发明的多个现用浏览器和预先超高速缓存特征，那么，鉴于用户被快速连接至一个现用浏览器应用程序以及下载的基于因特网超级链接信息已经被预先超高速缓存在超高速缓存器31中的事实，从启动超级链接按钮25到下载信息显示在用户电视机24上的整个过程仅需几秒时间。
一旦用户完成对下载信息的浏览，他们或是启动键盘23上超级链接按钮25，关闭网页，或是如果他们正在使用鼠标型输入装置，他们指向电视显示屏上的返回或退出按钮并点击。相应地，会话管理器72关闭已经被授权给用户的浏览器应用程序74，终端处理器96切换调谐器94，返回以前所选的信道，以致于用户可以重新开始观看视频广播。
总之，本发明提供一种用户能够快速接入基于因特网的或与当前观看电视广播节目内容相关的其它信息且无需昂贵的计算机系统或操作这种系统所必须的技巧便能在其电视机上观看信息的方便、用户友好的装置。应当明白，虽然本发明的较佳实施例是针对接入电缆或其它电视分布系统中与基于因特网信息相关的节目内容而具体设计的，但是，较佳实施例中所体现的本发明信道超级链接概念可以应用于任何类型的通信媒体，其中含有发射信号的一个或多个信息被一个或多个用户所播放或接收，用户能够启动超级链接请求，接入与包含在发射信号中信息相关的其它信息。例如，超级链接概念也可以应用于无线电广播，其中，采用个人计算机等的用户能够超级链接至基于因特网的或者专属于当前接收无线电广播的其它信息。同样，超级链接概念可以应用于寻呼机信号分布系统，这里，在收到预定寻呼机信号时，用户能够超级链接至含有寻呼机信号发射者希望接收器接入相关信息的信息源。
鉴于以上情况，因此，可以理解，按照以下权利要求书中所限定的本发明的范围并不局限于较佳实施例，可以作出以上的和许多的附加变化和改进而不偏离在以下权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (50)

1．一种提供接入信息源的系统，其特征在于所述系统包括：
a)信息源；
b)多个终端，每个所述终端包括：
1)接收所述信息源的信息和发射信号源的发射信号的接收器；和
2)发射从所述信息源收到的信息的请求的发射器；以及
c)接收所述信息源的信息和发射信息源的发射信号并将所述信息和所述发射信息分派给所述多个终端的网络，所述网络包括：
1)从所述终端接收信息请求的接收器；和
2)接入与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的所述信息源中的信息并且在第一所述终端收到所述发射信号期间，响应于从所述第一终端收到的信息请求，将所述相关信息发射到所述第一终端的装置。
2．如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述信息源包括与所述网络连接的超高速缓存器。
3．如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述信息源进一步包括因特网，所述网络进一步包括通过因特网服务提供商(ISP)从因特网接入信息的装置。
4．如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于：所述网络进一步包括通过与向所述终端播放的发射信号的信息内容相关的所述ISP从因特网接入信息，并将所述信息存储在与所述网络连接的超高速缓存器中以便在所述发射信号播放期间响应于从所述终端接收的信息请求提供进一步接入的装置。
5．如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述发射信号包括与所述发射信号周期性地发射的识别标记，所述识别标记被所述网络用于响应于收到的信息请求，识别与所述终端产生信息请求时被所述终端之一接收的发射信号的信息内容相关的所述信息源中的信息。
6．如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于：每个所述终端进一步包括一个终端处理器，产生信息请求并用识别在作出所述请求时将所述终端接收器调谐到的接收器信道的附加信息将所述请求发送给所述网络，这里，所述网络采用所述信道信息、所述识别标记和识别产生所述请求的时间的定时信息来确定在产生信息请求的时刻被所述终端接收的发射信号的信息内容。
7．如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括一个与所述网络连接的数据库，用于存储对应于所述识别标记的参考信息，所述识别标记识别与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息在所述信息源中的位置。
8．如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括一个用于接收并存储多个播放发射信号的参考信息的主数据库和将所述主数据库中的信息发射给所述网络数据库的装置，所述参考信息识别与每个所述播放发射信号的信息内容相关的信息在所述信息源中的位置。
9．如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于：所述主数据库中的所述参考信息包括含有与每个所述播放发射信号信息内容相关的信息的因特网位置的统一资源定位符(URL)。
10．如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于：所述信息源包括一个与所述网络连接的超高速缓存器，从因特网由URL指定的位置上存贮HTML数据用于信息接入。
11．如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述信息源包括因特网，所述网络包括被一个请求信息的所述终端使用的浏览器应用程序，通过因特网服务提供商(ISP)从因特网接入并浏览信息。
12．如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于：所述网络进一步包括多个所述浏览器应用程序，和在接收来自所述终端之一的信息请求前维持数个所述浏览器应用程序在现用状态的装置，由此使一个所述现用浏览器应用程序立即被一个所述终端采用，用于通过所述ISP从因特网接入信息。
13．如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述发射信号包括电视广播信号，所述信息源包括与所述电视广播信号的节目内容相关的信息。
14．如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于：所述多个终端和所述网络设置在电视分布系统中。
15．如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于：所述电视分布系统是电缆电视分布系统。
16．一种通过电视分布网络提供接入因特网的系统，其特征在于所述系统包括：
a)基于因特网信息的源；
b)多个终端，每个所述终端与电视信号接收装置相连接并包括：
1)一个多信道接收器，用于接收来自所述信息源的基于因特网信息和多个相应信道上的多个广播电视发射信号；和
2)一个发射器，用于发射要从所述信息源接收的基于因特网信息的请求；以及
c)一个网络，用于接收所述信息源的基于因特网信息和至少一个广播电视发射信号源的所述发射信号，并将所述信息源的基于因特网信息和所述信号源的所述广播电视发射信号分布在多个信道上给所述多个终端，所述网络包括：
1)从所述终端接收基于因特网信息请求的接收器；和
2)接入与所述广播电视发射信号的信息内容相关的所述信息源中的基于因特网信息，并且在所述第一所述终端收到一个所述广播电视发射信号期间，响应于从所述第一终端收到的信息请求，由所述电视信号接收装置接收的把在所述第一终端作出所述请求的时刻与所述一个广播电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息发射给所述第一终端的装置。
17．如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于：所述网络进一步包括通过因特网服务提供商(ISP)从因特网访问信息的装置。
18．如权利要求17所述的系统，其特征在于：所述网络进一步包括通过与由所述网络向所述终端播放的多个电视发射信号的信息内容相关的所述ISP从因特网访问信息，并将所述信息存储在与所述网络连接的超高速缓存器中，在所述电视发射信号的播放期间响应于从所述终端接收的信息请求用于作进一步访问的装置。
19．如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于：每个所述电视发射信号包括一个与每个所述电视发射信号一起周期性地发射的识别标记，所述识别标记被所述网络用以响应于收到的信息请求，识别与一个所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息，所述电视发射信号在所述终端产生信息请求时被一个所述终端接收。
20．如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：每个所述终端进一步包括一个终端处理器，用于产生信息请求、并用识别所述终端接收器在所述请求时被调谐至的接收器信道的附加信息将所述请求发送给所述网络，这里，所述网络采用所述信道信息、所述识别标记和识别产生所述请求的时间的定时信息来确定在产生信息请求时被所述终端接收的电视发射信号的信息内容。
21．如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括与所述网络连接的数据库，用于存储对应于所述识别标记的参考信息，它识别与所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的所述信息源的位置。
22．如权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括接收并存储多个播放电视发射信号的参考信息的主数据库和将所述主数据库中的信息发射给所述网络数据库的装置，所述参考信息识别与每个所述播放电视发射信号的信息内容相关的所述信息源的位置。
23．如权利要求22所述的系统，其特征在于：所述主数据库中的所述参考信息包括含有与每个所述播放电视发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的因特网位置的统一资源定位符(URL)。
24．如权利要求23所述的系统，其特征在于：超高速缓存器与所述网络连接，从因特网由URL指定的位置上，存贮HTML数据，用于信息接入。
25．如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于：每个所述终端包括用户键入基于因特网信息的请求的装置，基于因特网信息与在所述电视信号接收装置上由所述用户当前正在观看的电视广播的信息内容相关。
26．如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于：用户键入请求的所述装置包括遥控装置上的按钮。
27．如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于：所述网络中发射所述基于因特网信息的所述装置包括将所述信息插入到在所述第一终端所述接收器频道之一上由所述网络播放的电视发射信号中的数据调制器。
28．如权利要求27所述的系统，其特征在于：所述数据调制器包括将所述信息插入到所述电视发射信号的垂直消隐间隔中的垂直消隐间隔插入器。
29．一种从信息源访问与发射信号内容相关的信息的方法，其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供一个终端，所述终端包括一个接收发射信号的接收器和一个发送信息请求的发射器；
b)提供一个发射信号分布网络，从信号源接收发射信号以及将所述发射信号向所述终端接收器播放；
c)提供一个与所述网络连接的信息源，所述信息源包含与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息；
d)将来自所述网络的所述发射信号发射到所述终端接收器；
e)在收到与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息期间在所述终端产生一个请求，并将所述请求发送到所述网络；
f)响应于从所述终端收到的所述请求，所述网络：
1)识别所述信息源中与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息；
2)访问与所述内容相关的信息；及
3)将与所述内容相关的信息发射给所述终端。
30．如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问所述信息的步骤进一步包括通过因特网服务提供商从因特网访问所述信息。
31．如权利要求30所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问所述信息的步骤进一步包括：
a)将所述发射信号发射给所述终端接收器前，通过与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的因特网服务提供商访问因特网的信息；
b)将所述相关信息存储在与所述网络连接的超高速缓存器中；及
c)当收到所述信息请求时访问所述超高速缓存器的所述相关信息。
32．如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络识别所述信息源中与所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的所述步骤进一步包括：
a)根据与所述发射信号一起由所述信号源周期性发射的识别标记以及识别作出所述请求的时间的信息确定所述发射信号的信息内容的身份；及
b)使所述识别标记与识别所述内容相关信息在所述信息源中的位置的参考信息匹配，所述参考信息存储在所述网络访问的网络数据库中。
33．如权利要求32所述的方法，其特征在于：所述终端发送所述请求的所述步骤进一步包括发送识别所述终端接收器被调谐到信道的信息，所述网络采用所述信道信息与所述识别标记和请求信息的时间来确定在产生所述请求时被所述终端接收的发射信号的信息内容。
34．如权利要求32所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括为多个广播发射信号产生参考信息的主数据库，以及将所述主数据库中的信息发射给所述网络数据库，所述参考信号识别与每个广播发射信号的信息内容相关的信息在所述信息源中的位置。
35．如权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于：所述主数据库中的所述参考信息包括含有与每个广播发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的因特网位置的统一资源定位符(URL)。
36．如权利要求35所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问与所述内容相关的信息的所述步骤进一步包括在由所述URL指定的位置上从因特网访问HTML数据。
37．一种从因特网访问与广播电视发射信号内容相关的信息的方法，其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供多个终端，每个所述终端与一个电视发射信号接收装置连接，并包括一个接收发射信号的多信道接收器和一个发送当前接收电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息的请求的发射器；
b)提供一个电视发射信号分布网络，从至少一个信号源接收多个广播电视发射信号以及将所述电视发射信号发射到所述终端接收器；
c)提供一个与所述网络连接的信息源，所述信息源包含与所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息；
d)将所述电视发射信号从所述网络发射到所述终端接收器；
e)在由第一终端接收期间，在所述第一终端上产生与一个所述发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的至少一个第一请求，并将所述请求发送到所述网络；
f)响应于从所述第一终端收到的所述请求，所述网络：
1)识别所述信息源中与所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息；
2)访问与所述内容相关的信息；及
3)将与所述内容相关的信息发射给所述第一终端。
38．如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问所述信息的所述步骤进一步包括通过因特网服务提供商从因特网访问所述信息。
39．如权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问所述信息的所述步骤进一步包括：
a)在将所述电视发射信号发射给所述终端接收器之前，通过因特网服务提供商从因特网访问与所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的信息；
b)将所述相关信息存储在与所述网络连接的所述超高速缓存器中；及
c)在收到所述信息请求时从所述超高速缓存器访问所述相关信息。
40．如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络识别所述信息源中与所述电视发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的所述步骤进一步包括：
a)根据与所述电视发射信号一起由所述信号源周期性发射的识别标记以及识别作出所述请求的时间的信息，确定所述电视发射信号的信息内容的身份；及
b)使所述识别标记与识别所述内容相关信息在所述信息源中的位置的参考信息匹配，所述参考信息存储在所述网络访问的网络数据库中。
41．如权利要求40所述的方法，其特征在于：所述终端发送所述请求的所述步骤进一步包括发送识别所述终端接收器被调谐到信道的信息，所述网络采用所述信道信息与请求信息的所述识别标记和时间来确定在产生所述请求时被所述终端接收的电视发射信号的信息内容。
42．如权利要求40所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括为多个广播电视发射信号产生参考信息的主数据库，以及将所述主数据库中的信息发射给所述网络数据库，所述参考信号识别与每个广播电视发射信号的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息在所述信息源中的位置。
43．如权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于：所述主数据库中的所述参考信息包括含有与每个广播电视发射信号的信息内容相关的信息的因特网位置的统一资源定位符(URL)。
44．如权利要求43所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络访问与所述内容相关的信息的所述步骤进一步包括在由所述URL指定的位置上从因特网访问HTML数据。
45．如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于：所述网络将与所述内容相关的信息发射到所述第一终端的所述步骤进一步包括将所述第一终端连接至位于所述网络中的因特网浏览器应用程序以及将与所述内容相关的信息下载到所述第一终端。
46．如权利要求45所述的方法，其特征在于：将所述第一终端连接至因特网浏览器应用程序的所述步骤进一步包括将所述第一终端连接至所述网络中多个现用因特网浏览器应用程序之一。
47．如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于：产生请求的所述步骤进一步包括用户在所述第一终端中输入一个与所述用户当前正在所述电视信号接收装置上观看的电视广播的信息内容相关的基于因特网信息的请求。
48．如权利要求47所述的方法，其特征在于：所述用户输入所述请求是通过启动遥控装置上的按钮。
49．如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于：将所述基于因特网信息发射给所述第一终端的所述步骤进一步包括在由所述网络在所述第一终端的一个所述接收器频道上播放的电视发射信号中插入所述信息。
50．如权利要求49所述的方法，其特征在于：所述信息被插入在所述电视发射信号的垂直消隐间隔中。
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CN1322752C (zh) * 2001-12-26 2007-06-20 好利集团有限公司 一种因特网协议互动电视系统及其实现方法
CN100410878C (zh) * 2003-01-02 2008-08-13 汤姆森许可贸易公司 执行接收到的服务的条件执行决定设备和方法、以及编辑与服务相关的信息消息的设备和方法
CN1816982B (zh) * 2003-07-14 2012-10-10 索尼株式会社 信息提供方法
CN102892030A (zh) * 2012-09-21 2013-01-23 陈相元 一种卫星电视节目保存、索引和播放的方法

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US6477579B1 (en) 2002-11-05
AU9473998A (en) 1999-04-12
NO20001392D0 (no) 2000-03-16
JP2001517877A (ja) 2001-10-09
US5961603A (en) 1999-10-05
EP1019828A4 (en) 2002-10-24
CA2304227A1 (en) 1999-04-01

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