CN1272898A - 芯吸水分的芳族聚酰胺织物及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能持久芯吸的芳族聚酰胺织物,该织物由结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线或芳族聚酰胺与其他纱线的混合物制成,用于消防人员救火服及其他防护服中,以及制造此种持久芯吸织物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种由结晶纱线制成的芯吸(性)芳族聚酰胺织物,用于消防人员救火服(turnout gear)及其他防护服。
发明背景
若干近期专利,包括美国专利5,323,815、5,499,663及5,539,928,公开了采用复丝织物制作消防人员救火服内衬的优越性。此种复丝织物,与短纤维纺成的纱织物相比可提供更为滑爽的织物表面,这就增加了服装的柔软及可(活)动性,从而使消防人员在穿着该服装工作时活动更方便。
虽然穿衣人的舒适由于采用此种复丝织物作为救火服内衬或其他织物层的表面层而有了改善,但复丝织物与短纤维纺成的纱或精纺纱织物相比,吸水性能却比较差。而且,尽管消防人员由于该复丝织物对活动的阻力较小而活动起来更舒适,但消防人员自己新陈代谢所产生的湿气和汗液却积累在皮肤上,因为它不能通过长丝纱与皮肤的接触而被吸走。于是消防人员变得不舒服,且消防人员的潮湿皮肤表面又使本来指望该服装达到的活动方便大打折扣。
所有用于制作消防人员防护服的织物必须通过防火、耐热及抗撕裂的最低要求。因此,为消防人员设计的防护服内衬以及为工作在有暴露于火焰及高温危险的其他人员设计的服装内衬,通常都由芳族聚酰胺纤维及纱线制成。最经常的是,这些用于制作防护服的芳族聚酰胺纱线及纤维在制造过程中受过热拉伸操作的处理,以便使纤维机械性能得到充分的发展。这些纤维和纱线为基本结晶的,即便不是完全结晶的话。
本领域十分清楚,结晶或基本结晶的间位芳族聚酰胺纱线和织物具有闭合的表面,因此难以染色或者采用纱线-或织物整理剂进行上浆或其他处理。例如,美国专利5,096,459指出,必须用至少120℃温度的蒸汽对结晶间位芳族聚酰胺纱线或织物处理约15min,方能使浸轧到这类纤维或纱线上水溶性染料及载体被吸收。
美国专利4,755,335指出,甚至将处理剂施加到从未干燥过的间位芳族聚酰胺纱线及纤维上,也要求与温度为110~140℃的蒸汽进行接触,以便让处理剂充分地吸收。
美国专利4,525,168指出,必须通过将织物或纱线浸泡在诸如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或二甲基乙酰胺之类的溶剂中达30min的时间使结晶间位芳族聚酰胺织物或纱线润胀,以便打开纱线表面从而引入上染位置,这样,该结晶聚合物方可成功地染色。
本发明的目的是提供一种芯吸性结晶纱线芳族聚酰胺织物,它可用于防护服,包括消防人员救火服及其他类型的防护服。本发明另一个目的是提供制造此种织物的方法。
发明概述
本发明是一种包含结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线的芯吸织物,具体地说,本发明织物由75wt%或更多结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线组成。
本发明使用的结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线是短纤维纺成的纱、复丝或短纤维纺成的纱与复丝的混合物,且由间位芳族聚酰胺、对位芳族聚酰胺或间位-与对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的混合物构成。优选的是,本发明织物的主要成分是间位芳族聚酰胺纱线。
本发明织物尤其适用于防护用途,是一种用于包括外层、隔湿层及隔热层的消防人员救火服的优选织物。
本发明的服装包括防护外衣或工装裤。
本发明还包括一种制造芯吸织物的方法,其中织物包含大于75%结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)以含有10~800g/L极性溶剂的水溶液对织物进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温下保持与织物接触一段足以使织物的纤维润胀但不超过36h的时间;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物实施不超过30min的干燥。
可用于本发明方法的极性溶剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺及二甲基亚砜。
在本发明方法中优选的是,浸轧过程在能达到以织物干重为基准,1%~70%溶液轧液率的浸轧压力下进行。还优选的做法是,在步骤(d)之前,保持浸轧后的织物不变干。倘若残留在按本发明方法处理过的织物中的溶剂浓度是是所关心的,该方法可按照如下方式实施,以便使干燥后织物中最终溶剂浓度小于1wt%:
(a)以含约25g/L极性溶剂的水溶液在能达到织物重量的10~50wt%溶液轧液率的压力下进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温保持与织物接触约16h;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物进行不超过30min的干燥。用于该方法的极性溶剂包括选自二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺及二甲基亚砜的溶剂。在本发明方法的此种实施方案中优选的是,浸轧实施的浸轧压力能达到以织物干重为基准1%~70%溶液轧液率。还优选的做法是,步骤(d)之前,维持浸轧的织物不变干。
详细描述
本文中使用的术语芯吸(性)织物是指一种织物,它一开始能芯吸并且在经过至少15次洗涤之后仍能继续芯吸。织物芯吸整理剂的持久性对由此种织物制成的服装功能及使用寿命都是重要的,芯吸是通过观察织物表面上的水滴扩散情况来测试的。当水滴接触芯吸织物表面时,水滴沿一种放射状图形扩散到织物内部。倘若不存在此种放射状图形,表明织物不能将接触织物表面的水芯吸掉。
本文所使用的术语洗涤,是指湿洗织物所采用的一系列由洗涤、清洗和干燥组成的循环。在洗涤中,采用正常浓度水平的洗涤剂来清理掉织物上的污垢和油渍。
本发明提供一种结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线的芯吸织物。本发明织物在至少15次洗涤期间维持其芯吸能力。该芳族聚酰胺纱线可以是间位芳族聚酰胺、对位芳族聚酰胺或这些芳族聚酰胺纱线的混合物。优选以间位芳族聚酰胺为主要成分的织物。对于当作消防人员救火服内衬使用来说,尤其优选的是,本发明织物是由复丝制成的间位芳族聚酰胺织物。
本发明织物可以是机织或针织的。虽然平纹组织或斜纹组织乃是此种织物的大多数用途所优选的,但任何织物组织式样,或者织物的机织或针织方法均可用于制造本发明织物。
本发明提供一种制造含大于75%结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线的芯吸织物的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)以含有10~800g/L极性溶剂的水溶液对织物进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温下保持与织物接触一段足以使纤维润胀但不超过36h的时间;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物实施约30min的干燥。
本发明芯吸织物可用于各种各样的用途,包括用于防护服和消防人员救火服。
浸轧上溶剂溶液与浸轧上可芯吸整理剂之间的实际时间取决于溶剂-水溶液中溶剂的浓度。溶剂浓度越高,活化芳族聚酰胺纱线表面以便使它们能接受整理剂并生产出能持久芯吸的织物所需时间就越短。溶剂-水溶液中较高的溶剂浓度还可减少浸轧过程中织物需要吸入溶剂溶液的数量。优选的是,浸轧操作在能达到以织物干重为基准,1~70%溶液轧液率的压力下进行。
在许多穿衣人皮肤将要直接接触本发明织物的用途中,较好的是将纤维的溶剂含量维持在尽可能低的水平,因为不是全部溶剂都能在干燥步骤期间从织物表面上除掉。本发明提供一种方法,其中溶剂在织物中的最终含量小于1wt%。该优选的方法包括下列步骤:
(a)以含有25g/L极性溶剂的水溶液在能达到织物重量的10~50wt%溶液轧液率的浸轧压力下对织物进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温下保持与织物接触约16h;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物实施约30min的干燥。
优选的是,在任何一种本发明方法的变化中保持浸轧的织物不变干。任何本领域已知用于防止织物变干的技术都是本发明方法可接受的。
活化该结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线表面所优选的溶剂是二甲基乙酰胺。其他极性溶剂也可用来活化纱线表面,例如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜。就每种溶剂来说,优选介于1~5wt%水溶液的低浓度,在此浓度下,芳族聚酰胺纱线表面将活化到可接受该芯吸或其他织物整理剂或者染料的程度。在此种低浓度下,干燥步骤之后残留在织物中的溶剂量将处于不足约1%的水平,它低到足以允许将该处理织物用于要求该处理织物与穿衣人做直接皮肤接触的用途。
本发明方法提供作为持久芯吸织物用的结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线织物。该结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线可以是复丝或短纤维。该纱线可以是间位芳族聚酰胺或对位芳族聚酰胺纱线或者二者的混合物。本发明方法当用于生产复丝间位芳族聚酰胺纱线的持久芯吸织物时具有特殊的价值。已知复丝结晶纱线难以用表面整理剂处理来产生持久的性能。仅仅用适合的芯吸整理剂浸轧的由结晶纱线制成的复丝间位芳族聚酰胺织物在5次或更少的洗涤循环之后便丧失其芯吸性,这与本发明方法所获得的持久整理效果形成鲜明对照。
本发明方法还提供一种较为持久和均匀的织物整理方法,它可用于由短纤维纺成的纱或短纤与复丝的混合物组成的织物的整理。
本发明方法可用于包含作为次要成分的芳族聚酰胺纤维的织物,从而使织物整理剂沿着组成织物的所有纱线表面更加均匀地分布。
还可以,在本发明方法中包括进其他织物整理剂或染料以便与芯吸整理剂一起浸轧到织物上。按照此种方式,结晶间位芳族聚酰胺织物可在单一步骤内实现处理并染色。
在织物包含大于织物重量的75%的芳族聚酰胺纱线时,该织物具备此项特征,至少在吸收芳族聚酰胺织物的染料、织物处理剂及整理剂的过程中。用作防护服,可能要求使用某种复丝或短纤维芳族聚酰胺纱线与其他纱线的混合物,或者可能要求该防护织物为100wt%芳族聚酰胺单丝或复丝线。本发明提供一种持久芯吸的结晶间位芳族聚酰胺长丝纱及织物,即使该织物是由100wt%结晶间位芳族聚酰胺长丝纱组成的。当织物包含少于100到约75%范围的结晶间位芳族聚酰胺长丝纱时,其余的纱线可根据所要求的防护性能来选择。此种纱线可以是其他高温稳定的纱线,例如对位芳族聚酰胺、无定形间位芳族聚酰胺、处理的棉、羊毛或人造丝乃至聚苯并咪唑纱线。
本发明方法可用于为那些用全部由或主要成分是对位芳族聚酰胺长丝或短纤维纱线制成的织物提供持久芯吸整理效果。
芯吸整理剂可以是多种已知适用于施涂到聚酰胺纤维上的整理剂当中任何一种。此种整理剂必须是能够通过浸轧成功地施涂的那些。此种整理剂在浸轧到织物上去的水溶液中的浓度乃是织物整理技术上采用的典型浓度。用于本发明的优选芯吸/去污整理剂是罗纳。普朗克按商品名REPEL-O-TEX PSR 200销售的产品。
本文所使用间位芳族聚酰胺纤维或纱线是包含至少25mol%(相对于聚合物而言)具有如下通式重复结构单元的那种,
[-CO-R1-CO-NH-R2-NH-] (I)
R1和/或R2在1个分子中可具有相同含义,但在给出的定义范围内在1个分子中它们也可彼此不同。
如果R1和/或R2代表任何其价键彼此处于间位或彼此同等的角度位置的2价芳基基团,则它们是单核或多核芳烃基团或者可为单核或多核的杂环芳烃基团。在杂环芳烃基团的情况下,它们尤其具有1个或2个氧、氮或硫原子位于芳核内。
多核芳烃基团可以彼此稠合或者通过C-C键或通过诸如-O-、-CH2-、-S-、-CO-或SO2-之类的桥连基团彼此连接。
其价键彼此处于间位或彼此同等的角度位置的多核芳烃基团的例子是1,6-亚萘基、2,7-亚萘基或3,4’-联苯二基(biphenyldiyl)。上述单核芳烃基团的优选例子是1,3-亚苯基。
优选的间位芳族聚酰胺聚合物是MPD-I或含至少25mol%(相对于聚合物而言)MPD-I的共聚物。
本文所使用的术语对位芳族聚酰胺纤维或纱线是包含至少25mol%(相对于聚合物而言)具有下列通式的重复结构单元的那些,
[-CO-R1-CO-NH-R2-NH-] (I)
R1和/或R2在1个分子中可具有相同含义,但在给出的定义范围内在1个分子中它们也可彼此不同。
如果R1和/或R2代表任何其价键彼此处于间位或彼此同等的角度位置的2价芳基基团,则它们是单核或多核芳烃基团或者可为单核或多核的杂环芳烃基团。在杂环芳烃基团的情况下,它们尤其具有1个或2个氧、氮或硫原子位于芳核内。
多核芳烃基团可以彼此稠合或者通过C-C键或通过诸如-O-、-CH2-、-S-、-CO-或SO2-之类的桥连基团彼此连接。
优选的对位芳族聚酰胺聚合物是PPD-T或含至少25mol%(相对于聚合物而言)PPD-T的共聚物。
适合用于本发明织物及方法中的间位芳族聚酰胺和对位芳族聚酰胺纤维及纱线是杜邦公司按商品名KEVLAR和NOMEX销售的产品、帝人公司的CONEX以及其他公司供应的相当产品。
本发明织物可用于消防人员救火服中。此种救火服通常包括诸如外衣和裤子的衣服以及其他需要为穿衣人提供隔热及防火保护的服装制品。通常,此种服装由一系列织物层组成。典型的这类服装具有外层,通常由耐磨材料制成;隔湿层,由防水材料制成;以及隔热层。通常,间位芳族聚酰胺衬里材料用作隔热层的面层,因此与穿衣人的皮肤相接触。预计,这将是本发明织物的优选用途,但是本发明织物也可用于服装的其他层,其中该材料的使用将提供使用价值和舒适。
本发明织物还可单独地或者与其他织物一起在其他类型防护服中使用。例如,该织物可单独地用于防护外衣或工装裤中,或者作为此类服装的衬里。
Claims (16)
1.一种包含结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线的芯吸织物。
2.权利要求1的织物,其中该织物由75wt%或更多结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线构成。
3.权利要求2的织物,其中结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线是短纤维纺成的纱、复丝或短纤维纺成的纱与复丝的混合物。
4.权利要求1的织物,其中结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线由间位芳族聚酰胺、对位芳族聚酰胺或间位-与对位-芳族聚酰胺纤维的混合物构成。
5.权利要求1或4的织物,其中织物的主要成分是间位芳族聚酰胺纱线。
6.包含权利要求1的纤维的防护服。
7.权利要求6的服装,其中该服装是消防人员救火服,包括外层、隔湿层及隔热层。
8.权利要求6的服装,其中该服装是防护外衣或工装裤。
9.一种制造芯吸织物的方法,其中织物包含大于75%结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)以含有10~800g/L极性溶剂的水溶液对织物进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温下保持与织物接触一段足以使织物的纤维润胀但不超过36h的时间;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物实施不超过30min的干燥。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中极性溶剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺及二甲基亚砜。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中浸轧是在能达到织物干重的1%~70%溶液轧液率的浸轧压力下实施的。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中步骤(d)之前,使浸轧的织物保持不变干。
13.一种制造芯吸织物的方法,其中织物包含结晶芳族聚酰胺纱线,且其中干燥后,溶剂在织物中的最终浓度小于1wt%,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)以含约25g/L极性溶剂的水溶液在能达到织物重量的10~50wt%溶液轧液率的浸轧压力下对织物进行浸轧;
(b)让溶液在室温保持与织物接触约16h;
(c)以芯吸整理剂溶液对织物进行浸轧;以及
(d)在不超过200℃的温度对织物进行不超过30min的干燥。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中极性溶剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺及二甲基亚砜。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中浸轧是在能达到织物干重的1%~70%溶液轧液率的浸轧压力下实施的。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中步骤(d)之前,使浸轧的织物保持不变干。
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CN102505445A (zh) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-20 | 上海大学 | 一种芳香族聚酰胺织物改性、导湿排汗整理的方法 |
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CN100489169C (zh) * | 2001-06-28 | 2009-05-20 | 盖尔麦公司 | 复合丝 |
CN102505445A (zh) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-20 | 上海大学 | 一种芳香族聚酰胺织物改性、导湿排汗整理的方法 |
CN102505445B (zh) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-12-25 | 上海大学 | 一种芳香族聚酰胺织物改性、导湿排汗整理的方法 |
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