CN1264294A - 液体抗微生物清洁组合物 - Google Patents
液体抗微生物清洁组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1264294A CN1264294A CN98807395A CN98807395A CN1264294A CN 1264294 A CN1264294 A CN 1264294A CN 98807395 A CN98807395 A CN 98807395A CN 98807395 A CN98807395 A CN 98807395A CN 1264294 A CN1264294 A CN 1264294A
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-Menthane-1,8-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DCSCXTJOXBUFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N verbenone Natural products CC1=CC(=O)C2C(C)(C)C1C2 DCSCXTJOXBUFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/347—Phenols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
- A61K8/368—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof with carboxyl groups directly bound to carbon atoms of aromatic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/59—Mixtures
- A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,它包含0.1%至5.0%的抗微生物活性成分;8%至18%的阴离子表面活性剂;2%至12%的给质子试剂;1%至30%的亲油皮肤增湿剂;0.1%至4%的稳定剂;35%至88.8%的水分。其中阴离子表面活性剂中至少67%包含A类表面活性剂和C类表面活性剂的混合物,其中A类与C类之比为5∶1至1∶2。本发明组合物的pH值调至大于3.5至小于4.5。
Description
所属领域
本发明涉及温和的漂去型个人清洁组合物,其具有增进的抗微生物功效。具体说,本发明的清洁组合物对暂存的革兰氏阴性菌具有以前未知的延时抗菌功效,对革兰氏阳性菌具有改进的延时抗菌功效,并且在使用时具有改进的即时减少皮肤上病菌的作用。
背景技术
人类健康会受到多种微生物实体的影响。病毒和细菌的侵染会导致多种疾病。媒体对食物中毒、链球菌感染等情况的关注已提高了公众对微生物问题的认识。
已知采用抗微生物或非药肥皂清洗硬表面、食物(例如水果或蔬菜)和皮肤(特别是手)可从被清洗的表面上去除多种病毒和细菌。病毒和细菌的去除是由肥皂的表面活性作用和洗涤过程的机械作用达到的。因此,已知并建议人们经常通过清洗来减少病毒和细菌的传播。
发现皮肤上的细菌可分为两类:存留的和暂存的细菌。存留细菌为革兰氏阳性菌,其会在皮肤的表面和最外层形成固定菌落,对防止其它更有害的细菌和真菌的移生具有重要而有益的作用。
暂存细菌不属于皮肤上常规的存留菌落,但当空气中的污染物接触到皮肤上、或当污染物与皮肤发生物理接触时暂存细菌会沉积在皮肤上。暂存细菌一般分为两小类:革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。革兰氏阳性菌包括病原体如:金黄色葡萄球菌、酿脓链球菌和肉毒梭状芽胞杆菌。革兰氏阴性菌包括病原体,如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、克雷白氏杆菌、嗜血杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌和痢疾志贺氏菌。革兰氏阴性菌与革兰氏阳性菌的区别一般在于附加的保护性细胞膜,这样,革兰氏阴性菌一般不易受局部抗微生物活性成分的影响。
抗菌清洁产品已经以多种形式上市一定时间。其形式包括除臭皂、硬表面清洁剂和外科消毒剂。所配制的这些传统漂去型抗微生物产品可在洗涤过程中去除细菌。还发现抗微生物皂能提供抗革兰氏阳性菌的延时功效。延时功效是指在清洗/漂去步骤后的一段时间内细菌在表面的生长受到抑制。液体抗微生物清洁剂见于US4847072(Bissett等人,1989.7.11授权),4939284(Degenhardt,1990.7.3授权)和4820698(Degenhardt,1989.4.11授权),所有内容均结合在本发明这作为参考。
以前市售的组合物Head & Shoulders(海飞丝)祛屑香波于1994年上市,其中含有阴离子表面活性剂、抗微生物活性成分和作为pH调节剂的柠檬酸。Head & Shoulders(海飞丝)能抑制导致头皮屑产生的卵状糠疹癣菌(Pityrosorum ovale)。PCT申请WO92/18100(Keegan等人,1992.10.29公开,“Keegan”)、和PCT申请WO95/32705(Fujiwara等人,1995.12.7公开,“Fujiwara”)中提出了液体皮肤清洁剂,其中含有温和的表面活性剂、抗菌剂和用于调节pH的酸性化合物,其具有改进的抗菌性。但采用其中低含量的酸性化合物所形成的组合物并不能释放出提供抗革兰氏阴性菌延时功效所需的未离解酸。在Keegan和Fujiwara中包括的这类情况是优选采用了温和的表面活性剂,包括非离子表面活性剂。
某些抗微生物产品特别是硬表面清洁剂和外科消毒剂中采用了高含量的醇和/或表面活性剂,会令皮肤组织干化和产生刺激。理想的个人清洁剂应能温和地清洁皮肤,没有或基本没有刺激性,频繁使用也不会令皮肤过度干化,优选应对皮肤具有滋润作用。
US3141821(Compeau,1964.7.21授权),以及Ciba-Giegy,Inc.有关“用于手部消毒的碱性制剂89/42/01”的Irgasan DP 300(三氯生Triclosan)的技术文献提出了皮肤抗菌清洁组合物,其采用某些阴离子表面活性剂、抗微生物活性成分和酸达到抗革兰氏阴性菌延时功效。但其中选用的高活性表面活性剂会使该个人清洁组合物导致皮肤干燥和刺激。
革兰氏阴性菌如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和志贺氏菌,会严重影响健康,亟需配制具有对革兰氏阴性菌的延时抗菌作用、并且对皮肤温和的抗微生物清洁组合物。现有产品不能兼具温和性和抗革兰氏阴性菌延时功效。
本申请人发现:将已知的抗微生物活性成分与作为给质子试剂的特定有机和/或无机酸、以及特定的阴离子表面活性剂共用可配制出具有该温和性和抗革兰氏阴性菌延时功效的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,以上各组分均沉积在皮肤上。沉积的给质子试剂和阴离子表面活性剂能增进选定活性成分的作用,使其在与皮肤接触时具有新水平的抗菌作用。
发明简述
本发明涉及漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,它包含约0.1%至约5.0%的抗微生物活性成分;约8%至约18%的阴离子表面活性剂;约2%至约12%的给质子试剂;约1%至约20%的亲油皮肤增湿剂;约0.1%至约4%的稳定剂;约38%至约88.8%的水分。其中阴离子表面活性剂中至少约67%包含A类表面活性剂和C类表面活性剂的混合物,其中A类与C类之比为约5∶1至约1∶2。本发明组合物的pH值为约3.5至约4.5。
本发明还涉及采用本发明所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物清洁并降低暂存的革兰氏阴性传播的方法。
发明详述
本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物对清洁表面、特别是皮肤非常有效,对暂存的革兰氏阴性菌提供延时的抗微生物功效,并且对皮肤温和。
这里采用的术语“漂去型”是指上下文中所采用的本发明组合物在使用时或用后最终需从被处理的表面(例如皮肤或硬表面)上漂洗或清洗掉。
这里采用的术语“抗微生物清洁组合物”是指适于涂敷在表面上,用于去除灰尘、油渍等的组合物,其还能抑制暂存的革兰氏阴性菌的生长和移生。本发明中优选的实施方案是适用于人体皮肤的清洁组合物。
本发明的组合物还适用于痤疮的处理。这里使用的术语“痤疮处理”是指预防、阻止和/或抑制哺乳动物皮肤上痤疮形成。
本发明的组合物用于皮肤后还可对皮肤外观具有基本的即时(即,应急)改进。更具体说,本发明组合物还适用于调整肤质,包括调整皮肤上视觉的和/或触觉的不连续性,包括皮肤结构和/或颜色上视觉的和/或触觉的不连续性,特别是与皮肤老化有关的不连续性,但并非仅限于此。该不连续性可能由内部和/或外部因素引发或导致。外部因素包括紫外线照射(例如日光照射),环境污染、风吹、高温、低湿度、强效表面活性剂、磨料等。内部因素包括慢性老化和其它皮肤内部的生化变化。
调整肤质包括对肤质的预防和/或治疗性调整。这里所说的预防性调整肤质包括延缓、减小和/或预防视觉的和/或触觉的不连续性。这里所说的治疗性调整肤质包括:改善例如减少、减小和/或消除这些不连续性。调整肤质包括改进皮肤外观和质感,例如令皮肤更光滑、均匀和/或质感更好。这里所说的调整肤质包括调整老化特征。“调整皮肤老化特征”包括预防性调整和/或治疗性调整一种或多种这类特征(即调整皮肤老化的信号,例如细纹、皱纹或毛孔,包括预防性调整和/或治疗性调整这些特征)。
“皮肤老化特征”包括所有外部可见的和可触的表现,以及其它由皮肤老化引起的宏观或微观作用,但并非仅限于此。这些特征可能由内部或外部因素(例如慢性老化和/或环境损害)引发或导致。该特征可能由以下结构不连续性的发展过程引起,如皱纹,包括外表细纹和粗深纹、皮肤纹路、裂隙、肿块、大毛孔(例如与汗腺管、皮脂腺或毛囊等附件结构有关)、起皮、脱皮和/或其它形式的皮肤不均匀或粗糙、皮肤缺乏弹性(功能性皮肤弹性蛋白损失和/或失活)、下垂(包括眼部区域和下颚浮肿)、松弛、皮肤韧性损失、对变形的皮肤回复性损失、变色(包括下眼圈)、形成斑点、皮肤变黄、皮肤部位色素沉着过度如老年斑和雀斑、角化、异常分化、过度角化、弹性组织变性、胶原破坏,以及其它在角质层、真皮、表皮、皮肤血管体系(例如毛细血管)和皮下组织特别是与皮肤相邻的组织中出现的组织变化,但并非仅限于此。
除非特别指出,所有百分比和比率均以重量计,并且除非特别指出,其均在25℃下测出。本发明可包含以下必要成分和其它所述的任选成分,或由或基本由它们组成。1.成分
本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物含有三氯生、阴离子表面活性剂、给质子试剂、亲油皮肤增湿剂、稳定剂和水。其中每种成分在以下详述。A.抗微生物活性成分
本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物中含有约0.1%至约5.0%,优选约0.1%至约2%,更优选约0.1%至约1.0%的抗微生物活性成分。为避免与本发明的阴离子表面活性剂相互作用,应采用非阳离子活性成分。
下列为适用于本发明的非阳离子抗菌剂的实例:
羟基吡啶硫酮,特别是锌配合物(ZPT)
羟甲辛吡酮(Octopirox)
二甲基二甲基醇尿囊素(Glydant)
甲基氯异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮(Kathon CG)
亚硫酸钠
亚硫酸氢钠
咪唑烷基脲(Germall 115)
二氮杂环戊烷基脲(Germall II)
苄醇
2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(Bronopol)
福尔马林(甲醛)
碘丙烯基丁基氨基甲酸酯(Polyphase P100)
氯乙酰胺
甲酰胺
甲基二溴腈戊二腈(1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷或Tektamer)
戊二醛5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二噁烷(Bronidox)苯乙醇邻-苯基酚/邻-苯基酚钠羟甲基甘氨酸钠(Suttocide A)聚甲氧基二环噁唑烷(Nuosept C)乙酰二甲二噁烷(dimethoxane)乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠(thimersal)二氯苄醇克菌丹氯苯甘油醚双氯酚氯丁醇月桂酸甘油酯卤化二苯基醚
2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基-二苯基醚(三氯生或TCS)
2,2′-二羟基-5,5′-二溴-二苯基醚酚类化合物
苯酚
2-甲基苯酚
3-甲基苯酚
4-甲基苯酚
4-乙基苯酚
2,4-二甲基苯酚
2,5-二甲基苯酚
3,4-二甲基苯酚
2,6-二甲基苯酚
4-正丙基苯酚
4-正丁基苯酚
4-正戊基苯酚
4-叔戊基苯酚
4-正己基苯酚
4-正庚基苯酚单或多烷基和芳基卤代苯酚
对氯苯酚
甲基对氯苯酚
乙基对氯苯酚
正丙基对氯苯酚
正丁基对氯苯酚
正戊基对氯苯酚
仲戊基对氯苯酚
正己基对氯苯酚
环己基对氯苯酚
正庚基对氯苯酚
正辛基对氯苯酚
邻氯苯酚
甲基邻氯苯酚
乙基邻氯苯酚
正丙基邻氯苯酚
正丁基邻氯苯酚
正戊基邻氯苯酚
叔戊基邻氯苯酚
正己基邻氯苯酚
正庚基邻氯苯酚
邻苄基对氯苯酚
邻苄基间甲基对氯苯酚
邻苄基间,间二甲基对氯苯酚
邻苯乙基对氯苯酚
邻苯乙基间甲基对氯苯酚3-甲基对氯苯酚3,5-二甲基对氯苯酚6-乙基-3-甲基对氯苯酚6-正丙基-3-甲基对氯苯酚6-异丙基-3-甲基对氯苯酚2-乙基-3,5-二甲基对氯苯酚6-仲丁基-3-甲基对氯苯酚2-异丙基-3,5-二甲基对氯苯酚6-二乙基甲基-3-甲基对氯苯酚6-异丙基-2-乙基-3-甲基对氯苯酚2-仲戊基-3,5-二甲基对氯苯酚2-二乙基甲基3,5-二甲基对氯苯酚6-仲辛基-3-甲基对氯苯酚对氯间甲酚对溴苯酚甲基对溴苯酚乙基对溴苯酚正丙基对溴苯酚正丁基对溴苯酚正戊基对溴苯酚仲戊基对溴苯酚正己基对溴苯酚环己基对溴苯酚邻溴苯酚叔戊基邻溴苯酚正己基邻溴苯酚正丙基-间,间-二甲基邻溴苯酚2-苯基苯酚4-氯-2-甲基苯酚
4-氯-3-甲基苯酚
4-氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚
2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚
3,4,5,6-四溴-2-甲基苯酚
5-甲基-2-戊基苯酚
4-异丙基-3-甲基苯酚
对氯间二甲苯酚(PCMX)
氯代百里酚
苯氧基乙醇
苯氧基异丙醇
5-氯-2-羟二苯基甲烷间苯二酚及其衍生物
间苯二酚
甲基间苯二酚
乙基间苯二酚
正丙基间苯二酚
正丁基间苯二酚
正戊基间苯二酚
正己基间苯二酚
正庚基间苯二酚
正辛基间苯二酚
正壬基间苯二酚
苯基间苯二酚
苄基间苯二酚
苯乙基间苯二酚
苯丙基间苯二酚
对氯苄基间苯二酚
5-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷
4′-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷
5-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷
4′-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷
双酚化合物
2,2′-亚甲基双(4-氯苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴苯酚)
双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯酚)硫醚
双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫醚
苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯)
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯
对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯
对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯
对羟基苯甲酸苄酯
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠卤化对称二苯脲
3,4,4′-三氯对称二苯脲(三氯卡班Triclocarban或TCC)
3-三氟甲基-4,4′-二氯对称二苯脲
3,3′,4-三氯对称二苯脲
适用于本发明的其它抗菌剂被称作“天然”抗微生物活性成分,也称为天然香精油。这些活性成分的名称来自于其天然原植物。典型的天然植物香精油抗微生物活性成分包括茴芹、柠檬、柑橘、迷迭香、冬青、百里香、熏衣草、丁香、啤酒花、茶树、香茅、小麦、大麦、柠檬草、雪松叶、雪松木、桂皮、旋复花草(fleagrass)、老鹳草、檀香木、紫罗兰、越橘、桉树、马鞭草、薄荷、安息香树胶、罗勒属植物、小茴香、冷杉、香树膏、薄荷醇、ocmea origanum(牛至)、Hydastiscarradensis、berberidaceae daceae(小檗科)、拉坦尼根和姜黄等植物的油。其中还包括具有抗菌作用的植物精油的主要化学成分。这类化学成分包括茴香脑、儿茶酚、莰烯、麝香草酚、丁香酚、桉树脑、阿魏酸、金合欢醇、扁柏酚、环庚三烯酚酮、柠檬烯、薄荷醇、水杨酸甲酯、香芹酚、萜品醇、马鞭草烯酮、黄连素、拉坦尼根提取物、氧化石竹烯、香茅酸、姜黄素、橙花叔醇和香叶醇。
其它活性成分有抗菌金属盐。这类成分一般包括3b-7b、8和a-5a族金属盐。具体是铝、锆、锌、银、金、铜、镧、锡、汞、铋、硒、锶、钪、钇、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥和它们的混合物。
优选适用于此的抗菌剂是广谱抗微生物活性成分,选自三氯生、三氯卡班、羟甲辛吡酮、PCMX、ZPT、天然香精油及其主要成分,以及它们的混合物。最优选用于本发明的抗微生物活性成分是三氯生。B.阴离子表面活性剂
本发明漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物含有基于个人清洁组合物重量约8%至约18%,优选约8%至约16%,更优选约8%至约12%的阴离子表面活性剂。尽管在理论上并无特殊限定,但认为阴离子表面活性剂会破坏细菌细胞膜内的脂类。适用于此的特定的酸可降低细菌细胞壁的负电荷,穿透被表面活性剂弱化的细胞膜,使细菌的细胞质酸化。于是抗微生物活性成分更易穿透弱化的细胞壁,并更有效地毒杀细菌。
适用于本发明组合物阴离子发泡表面活性剂的非限定性实例见于McCutcheon著《洗涤剂和乳化剂》北美版(1990,ManufacturingConfectioner Publishing Co.出版);McCutcheon著《功能性成分》北美版(1992);和US3929678(Laughlin等人,1975.12.30授权),均结合在此作为参考。
各种阴离子表面活性剂均可能适用于本发明。阴离子发泡表面活性剂的非限定性实例包括:烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐、硫酸化单甘油酯、磺化烯烃、烷基芳基磺酸盐、伯或仲烷磺酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、酰基牛磺酸盐、酰基羟乙基磺酸盐、烷基甘油基醚磺酸盐、磺酸甲酯、磺化脂肪酸、烷基磷酸盐、酰基谷氨酸盐、酰基肌氨酸盐、烷基磺基乙酸盐、酰化肽、烷基醚羧酸盐、酰基乳酸盐、阴离子氟代表面活性剂和它们的混合物。阴离子表面活性剂混合物可有效用于本发明。
适用于该清洁组合物的阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐。这类成分的代表式为R1O-SO3M和R1(CH2H4O)X-O-SO3M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和直链或支链烷基,x为1-10,M为水溶性阳离子,如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。烷基硫酸盐一般由单羟基醇(含约8至约24个碳原子)经三氧化硫或其它硫酸化技术进行硫酸化制得。烷基醚硫酸盐一般由环氧乙烷和单羟基醇(含约8至约24个碳原子)的缩合产物经硫酸化制得。这类醇可由脂肪如椰油或牛油制得,也可经合成。适用于该清洁组合物的烷基硫酸盐的具体实例有月桂基或肉豆蔻基硫酸钠盐、铵盐、钾盐、镁盐或三乙醇胺盐。适用的烷基醚硫酸盐的实例包括月桂基醚-3硫酸铵盐、钠盐、镁盐或三乙醇胺盐。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂有硫酸化单甘油酯,其形式为R1CO-O-CH2-C(OH)H-CH2-O-SO3M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是水溶性阳离子如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。它们一般由甘油与脂肪酸(含约8至约24个碳原子)反应形成单甘油酯、然后经三氧化硫硫酸化制得。硫酸化单甘油酯的实例是椰油单甘油酯硫酸钠。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂包括烯烃磺酸盐,其形式为R1SO3M,R1是含约12至约24个碳原子的单烯,M是水溶性阳离子如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。这类化合物可由以下方法制得,α-烯烃经未配合的三氧化硫磺化,然后中和该酸性反应化合物,反应中所形成的磺内酯经水解得到相应的羟基烷烃磺酸盐。磺化烯烃的实例是C14-C16α-烯烃磺酸钠。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂是直链烷基苯磺酸盐,其形式为R1-C6H4-SO3M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是水溶性阳离子如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。该化合物可由直链烷基苯与三氧化硫磺化制得。该阴离子表面活性剂的实例是十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
适用于该清洁组合物的其它阴离子表面活性剂包括伯或仲烷烃磺酸盐,其形式为R1SO3M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是水溶性阳离子如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。其一般在氯和紫外线存在下由链烷烃经二氧化硫磺化制得,或由其它已知的磺化方法制得。在烷基链的仲或伯位上可以发生磺化。本发明中烷烃磺酸盐的实例是C13-17链烷烃磺酸碱金属盐或铵盐。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂有烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,其中包括N-十八烷基磺基琥珀酰胺酸二钠;月桂基磺基琥珀酸二铵;N-(1,2-二羧乙基)-N-十八烷基磺基琥珀酸四钠;磺基琥珀酸钠二戊酯;磺基琥珀酸钠二己酯;以及磺基琥珀酸钠二辛酯。
基于牛磺酸的牛磺酸盐也适用,前者也被称为2-氨基乙烷磺酸。牛磺酸的实例包括N-烷基牛磺酸,其由十二烷基胺与羟乙基磺酸钠反应制得,参见US2658072,结合在本发明中作为参考。基于牛磺酸的其它实例包括酰基牛磺酸,其由n-甲基牛磺酸与脂肪酸(含约8至约24个碳原子)反应制得。
适用于该清洁组合物的另一类阴离子表面活性剂有酰基羟乙磺酸盐。该酰基羟乙磺酸盐如式R1CO-O-CH2CH2SO3M所示,其中R1是含约10至约30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是阳离子。其一般由脂肪酸(含约8至约30个碳原子)与羟乙磺酸的碱金属盐反应制得。酰基羟乙磺酸盐的非限定性实例包括椰油酰基羟乙磺酸铵、椰油酰基羟乙磺酸钠、月桂酰基羟乙磺酸钠,以及它们的混合物。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂还有烷基甘油醚磺酸盐,其形式为R1-OCH2-C(OH)H-CH2-SO3M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是水溶性阳离子如铵、钠、钾、镁、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和单乙醇胺。其可由环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸氢钠与脂肪醇(含约8至约24个碳原子)反应制得,或由其它方法制得。实例之一是椰油基甘油醚磺酸钠。
其它适用的阴离子表面活性剂包括式R1CH(SO4)-COOH的磺化脂肪酸和及式R1CH(SO4)-CO-O-CH3的磺化甲酯,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基。其可由脂肪酸或烷基甲酯(含8-24个碳原子)经三氧化硫磺化制得,或由其它已知的磺化技术制得。其实例包括α-磺化椰油脂肪酸和月桂基甲酯。
其它阴离子物质包括磷酸盐,如单烷基、二烷基和三烷基磷酸盐,其由五氧化磷与含约8至约24个碳原子的单羟基支链或直链醇反应制得。也可由其它已知的磷酸化方法制得。这类表面活性剂的实例是单-或二-月桂基磷酸钠。
其它阴离子物质包括酰基谷氨酸盐,相应的式为R1CO-N(COOH)-CH2CH2-CO2M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基,M是水溶性阳离子。其非限定性实例包括月桂酰基谷氨酸钠,以及椰油酰基谷氨酸钠。
其它阴离子成分包括烷酰基肌氨酸盐,相应的式为R1CON(CH3)-CH2CH2-CO2M,其中R1是含约10至约20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基或烯基,M是水溶性阳离子。其非限定性实例包括月桂酰基肌氨酸钠、椰油酰基肌氨酸钠和月桂酰基肌氨酸铵。
其它阴离子成分包括烷基醚羧酸盐,相应的式为R1(OCH2CH2)X-OCH2-CO2M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基或烯基,x为1-10,M是水溶性阳离子。其非限定性实例包括月桂基醚羧酸钠。
其它阴离子成分包括酰基乳酸盐,相应的式为R1CO-[O-CH(CH3)-CO]X-CO2M,其中R1是含约8至约24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的直链或支链烷基或烯基,x为3,M是水溶性阳离子。其非限定性实例包括椰油酰基乳酸钠。
其它阴离子成分包括羧酸盐,其非限定性实例包括月桂酰基羧酸钠,椰油酰基羧酸钠,以及月桂酰基羧酸铵。阴离子含氟表面活性剂也适用。
任何反阳离子M适用于阴离子表面活性剂中。优选的反阳离子选自钠、钾、铵、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。更优选的反阳离子是铵。
尽管任何这些表面活性剂可用于该液体抗微生物清洁组合物,至少约67%,优选至少约80%,和最优选至少约90%的该液体抗微生物组合物中的阴离子表面活性剂包含这里定义的A类和C类表面活性剂的混合物。A类与C类表面活性剂的重量比为约5∶1至约1∶2,优选约4∶1至约1∶1。
用于本发明组合物的阴离子表面活性剂根据其温和性和抗微生物效力可分为四类。这四类阴离子表面活性剂定义如下:
A类-第1类阴离子表面活性剂是被认为温和的但增进抗微生物效力最低的那些。这些表面活性剂包括:烷基醚硫酸盐;酰基单甘油硫酸盐;烷基甘油醚磺酸盐;酰基羟乙磺酸盐;酰基牛磺酸盐;烷基磺基琥珀酸盐;烷基磺基乙酸盐;磺化烯烃;主链长C8、C10、C16或C18的烷基硫酸盐;及其混合物。
B类-第2类阴离子表面活性剂是被认为温和的但能增进抗微生物效力的那些。这类表面活性剂包括伯或仲烷烃磺酸盐,主链长C14的烷基硫酸盐及其混合物。
C类-第3类阴离子表面活性剂是被认为是刺激性的但极大地增进抗微生物效力的那些。这类表面活性剂包括烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺基羧酸盐、磺化脂肪酸、烷基磷酸盐、主链长C12的烷基硫酸盐,及其混合物。刺激性的表面活性剂的具体实例有月桂基硫酸盐、月桂基苯磺酸盐、单月桂基磷酸盐及月桂基磺基羧酸盐。
D类-第四类阴离子表面活性剂是pKa值大于4.0的那些。发现这类表面活性剂通常是温和和十分有效的。它们包括酰基肌氨酸盐、酰基谷氨酸盐、烷基醚羧酸盐及其混合物。
业已发现,将高含量的由非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和它们的混合物构成的非阴离子表面活性剂与高含量阴离子表面活性剂共用实际上会抑制延迟功能的效果。这对于阳离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂来说最明显,一般认为这些表面活性剂会阻碍阴离子表面活性剂对细胞膜中脂类的破坏作用(电荷间的相互作用)。该组合物中这些非阴离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂的用量比应低于1∶1,优选低于1∶2,更优选低于1∶4。
本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物优选不含水溶助长性磺酸盐,特别是萜类化合物的盐,或单核或双核芳香族化合物,如樟脑、甲苯、二甲苯、异丙基苯和萘的磺酸盐。C.给质子试剂
本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物包含占个人清洁组合物重量的约2%至约12%,优选约2%至约10%,更优选约2%至约9%,最优选约4%至约9%的给质子试剂。“给质子试剂”是指能在使用后在皮肤上保留未离解的酸的任何酸性化合物或其混合物。给质子试剂可以是有机酸,包括聚合物酸、无机酸或它们的混合物。有机酸
用作给质子试剂的有机酸在净组合物中至少能部分保持未离解,并保留至组合物在洗涤和漂洗过程中被稀释后。有机酸给质子试剂的pKa值至少应低于5.5。这类有机给质子试剂可以酸的形式直接加入组合物中,或通过加入所需酸的共轭碱和足量的足够强的分离酸以由共轭碱形成未离解的酸。有机酸的生物活性指数
对优选的有机给质子试剂的选择要视它们的生物活性而定。生物活性由生物活性指数Z来表征,其定义如下:
Z=1+0.25pKa1+0.42logP
该生物活性指数将酸的离解特性和疏水性相结合。关键在于本发明中未离解的给质子试剂在皮肤上沉积以减少细胞壁上的负电荷。酸离解常数pKa1是化学成分相对于所加入介质的pH的给质子能力。由于优选组合物中存在更多的未离解酸,对于给定产品的pH,一般更优选pKa较高的酸。辛醇-水的分配系数P表示溶液中的成分更易溶于水相还是油相。其基本上是溶液中成分疏水特性的标准:成分的分配系数越高,油溶性越高,水溶性越低。由于在使用时需要溶于组合物中的酸从含水清洁剂中释放出来,沉积在含油的皮肤上,并在漂洗后仍保留,因此更优选辛醇-水分配系数较高的有机酸。
本发明漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物中优选的有机给质子试剂的生物活性指数大于约0.75,优选大于约1.0,更优选大于约1.5,最优选大于约2.0。无机酸
用作给质子试剂的无机酸在净组合物中、或在洗涤和漂洗过程中被稀释后不会保持未离解状态。尽管如此,仍发现无机酸可在本发明中用作有效的给质子试剂。在理论上并无特殊限定,但认为强无机酸能令皮肤细胞中蛋白质的羧基和磷脂酰基质子化,从而形成原位未离解酸。这类给质子试剂只能以酸的形式直接加入组合物中。pH
达到本发明的有益特性的一个关键是,给质子试剂形成(沉积或原位形成)的未离解的酸以质子化的形式保留在皮肤上。因此,应将本发明的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物的pH调至足够低,以便在皮肤上形成或沉积大量的未离解酸。组合物的pH应调节至、优选缓冲至约3.0至约5.5,更优选为约3.5至约4.5。
可用作给质子试剂的有机酸的非排它性实例有己二酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、戊二酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、水杨酸、葡糖酸、聚丙烯酸、它们的盐及其混合物。当水杨酸用于本发明组合物时,其用量为组合物重量的约0.15%至约2%。这里使用的无机酸的非排它性实例是盐酸、磷酸、硫酸及其混合物。
D.亲油皮肤增湿剂
本发明液体漂去型抗微生物个人清洁组合物包含约1%至约30%,优选约3%至约25%,最优选约5%至约25%的亲油皮肤增湿剂。已发现含有亲油皮肤增温剂的组合物与不含亲油皮肤增湿剂的组合物相比,具有改进的抗菌功效。另外,当亲油皮肤增湿剂沉积在使用者的皮肤上时,能提供给该产品的使用者增湿效果。
本发明中采用两类流变学参数来限定亲油性皮肤增湿剂。亲油性皮肤增湿剂的粘度由稠度(k)和剪切指数(n)来表征。采用下文分析方法部分所述的稠度(k)测定方法进行测定,适用于此的亲油性皮肤增湿剂的稠度(k)一般为约5-约5,000泊,优选为约10-约3,000泊,更优选为约50-约2,000泊。适用于此的亲油性皮肤增湿剂的剪切指数(n)为约0.01-约0.9,优选为约0.1-约0.5,更优选为约0.2-约0.5,采用分析方法部分中所述的剪切指数测定方法进行测定。
尽管在理论上并无限定,但认为流变学特性超出以上限定范围的亲油性皮肤增湿剂不是太易于乳化而不易沉积,就是过于“干硬”,不易附着或沉积在皮肤上,难于达到增湿作用。此外,亲油性皮肤增湿剂的流变学特性对于用户的感受也很重要。某些沉积在皮肤上的亲油性皮肤增湿剂过于粘腻,不为用户所取。
某些情况下,还希望用其溶解度参数来限定亲油性皮肤增湿剂,见于《化妆品及盥洗用品》103卷,47-69页(1988年10月,Vaughan)。适用于本发明液体个人清洁组合物中的亲油性皮肤增湿剂的Vaughen溶解度参数(VSP)为5-10,优选为5.5-9。
各种脂类成分和它们的混合物均适于在本发明的抗微生物个人清洁组合物中用作载体。优选亲油性皮肤调理成分选自:烃油和蜡、聚硅氧烷、脂肪酸衍生物、胆甾醇、胆甾醇衍生物、二-和三-甘油酯,植物油、植物油衍生物、液体不易消化油,见US 3600186(Marrson,1971年8月17日授权),4005195和4005196(Jandacek等人,均于1977年1月25日授权),均结合在本发明中作为参考,或选自液体易消化油或不易消化油与固体多元醇多酯的混合物,见于US4797300(Jandacek,1989年1月10日授权);US 5306514、5306516和5306515(Letton;均于1994年4月26日授权),均结合在本发明中作为参考,以及选自乙酰基甘油酯,烷基酯、烯基酯、羊毛脂及其衍生物,乳三甘油酯、蜡酯、蜂蜡衍生物、甾醇、磷脂和它们的混合物。脂肪酸、脂肪酸皂和水溶性多元醇不属于本发明对脂类皮肤增湿剂的限定范围。
烃油和蜡:某些实例有矿脂、矿物油、微晶蜡、聚烯烃(例如氢化和未氢化聚丁烯和聚癸烯)、石蜡、纯地蜡、地蜡、聚乙烯和全氢化角鲨烯。矿脂和氢化及未氢化高分子量聚丁烯的共混物也适于在本发明组合物中用作脂类皮肤增湿剂,其中矿脂与聚丁烯的用量比为90∶10-40∶60。
硅油:某些实例有二甲基聚硅氧烷共聚多元醇、二甲基聚硅氧烷、二乙基聚硅氧烷、高分子量二甲基聚硅氧烷、C1-C30混合烷基聚硅氧烷、苯基二甲基聚硅氧烷、二甲基聚硅氧烷醇和它们的混合物。更优选的非挥发性聚硅氧烷选自二甲基聚硅氧烷、二甲基聚硅氧烷醇、C1-C30混合烷基聚硅氧烷和它们的混合物。适用于此的聚硅氧烷的非限定性实例参见US 5011681(Ciotti等人,1991年4月30日授权),结合在本发明中作为参考。
二和三甘油酯:某些实例是蓖麻油、大豆油、大豆油衍生物如马来酸化大豆油、红花油、棉籽油、玉米油、核桃油、花生油、橄榄油、鱼肝油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、棕榈油和芝麻油、植物油及植物油衍生物;椰子油和椰子油衍生物,棉籽油和棉籽油衍生物、西蒙得木油、可可脂等。
乙酰甘油酯也适用,其实例有乙酰化单甘油酯。
优选采用羊毛脂及其衍生物,实例包括羊毛脂、羊毛脂油、羊毛脂蜡、羊毛脂醇、羊毛脂脂肪酸、羊毛脂酸异丙酯、乙酰化羊毛脂、乙酰化羊毛脂醇、亚油酸羊毛脂醇酯、蓖麻油酸羊毛脂醇酯。
最优选亲油性皮肤调理剂中至少有75%选自以下脂类成分:矿脂、矿脂和高分子聚丁烯的共混物、矿物油、液体不易消化油(例如液体棉籽油蔗糖八酯),或液体易消化油或不易消化油与固体多元醇多酯的混合物(例如由C22脂肪酸制备的蔗糖八酯),其中液体易消化油或不易消化油与固体多元醇多酯的用量比为约96∶4-约80∶20,氢化或未氢化聚丁烯、微晶蜡、聚烯烃、石蜡、纯地蜡、地蜡、聚乙烯、全氢化角鲨烯、二甲基聚硅氧烷、烷基硅氧烷、聚甲基硅氧烷、甲基苯基聚硅氧烷和它们的混合物。应用矿脂和其它脂类的混合物时,克拉与其它选用的脂类(氢化或未氢化聚丁烯或聚癸烯或矿物油)的用量比优选为约10∶1-约1∶2,更优选为约5∶1-约1∶1。E.稳定剂
本发明的液体抗微生物个人清洁组合物中也包含有组合物重量的约0.1-约10%(重量)的稳定剂,优选为约0.1-约8%(重量),更优选为约0.1-约5%(重量)。
稳定剂用于在液体清洁组合物中形成晶体稳定性网状结构,防止亲油性皮肤增湿剂的液滴凝聚或产品发生相分离。网状结构经剪应变作用后具有随时间变化的粘度恢复特性(例如触变性)。
适用于此的稳定剂不是表面活性剂。稳定剂能改善贮存和应力稳定性,但会令个人清洁组合物在起泡时产生分离,从而增进脂类皮肤增湿剂在皮肤上的沉积。本发明的清洁乳剂与聚合菱形海绵网状结构(见于US 5144744,Campagnoli,1992年9月8日授权,结合在本发明中作为参考)结合使用时该优点特别明显。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,个人清洁组合物中所用的稳定剂包括含羟基的晶体稳定剂。该稳定剂可以是含羟基的脂肪酸、脂肪酯或水不溶性蜡状脂肪皂等。
其中
R2是R1或H
R3是R1或H
R4是C0-20烷基
R5是C0-20烷基
R6是C0-20烷基
R4+R5+R6=C10-22
其中R7是-R4(CHOH)xR5(CHOH)yR6
M是Na+、K+或Mg++,或H;以及
(iii)它们的混合物。
某些优选的含羟基稳定剂包括12-羟基硬脂酸、9,10-二羟基硬脂酸、三-9,10-二羟基硬脂酸甘油酯和三-12-羟基硬脂酸甘油酯(氢化蓖麻油中主要含有三-12-羟基硬脂酸甘油酯)。三-12-羟基硬脂酸甘油酯最优选用于本发明的乳剂组合物。
个人清洁组合物中应用含羟基晶体稳定剂时,其用量占液体个人清洁组合物的约0.1-10%(重量),优选为0.1-8%(重量),更优选为0.1-约5%(重量)。稳定剂在室温下或接近室温的条件下是不溶于水的。
或者,本发明个人清洁组合物采用的稳定剂可包括聚合物增稠剂。当个人清洁组合物中采用聚合物增稠剂作为稳定剂时,其用量一般占组合物的约0.01-约5%(重量),优选为约0.3-约3%(重量)。聚合物增稠剂优选是阴离子、非离子、阳离子或经疏水改性的聚合物,选自分子量为1,000-3,000,000的阳离子瓜尔胶类阳离子多糖,由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸衍生的阴离子、阳离子和非离子均聚物,阴离子、阳离子和非离子纤维素树脂,二甲基二烷基氯化铵和丙烯酸的阳离子共聚物,二甲基烷基氯化铵的阳离子均聚物,阳离子聚烯烃,和乙氧基化聚亚烷基亚胺,分子量为100,000-4,000,000的聚乙二醇,和它们的混合物。优选聚合物选自聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、十六烷基羟乙基纤维素和聚季铵盐-10。
或者,本发明个人清洁组合物中所用的稳定剂可包含C10-22乙二醇脂肪酸酯。C10-22乙二醇脂肪酸酯也可与上述的聚合物增稠剂共用。该酯优选是二酯,更优选是C14-18二酯,最优选是二硬脂酸乙二醇酯。当个人清洁组合物中应用C10-22乙二醇脂肪酸酯作稳定剂时,其用量一般为个人清洁组合物的约3-约10%(重量),优选为约5-约8%(重量),更优选为约6-约8%(重量)。
另一类适用于本发明个人清洁组合物的稳定剂包括分散性无定形二氧化硅,选自煅制二氧化硅和沉淀二氧化硅,以及它们的混合物。所用术语“分散性无定形二氧化硅”是指小的、微粉化非晶体二氧化硅,平均聚结粒度小于约100微米。
煅制二氧化硅也称为弧化二氧化硅,是将四氯化硅在氢氧焰条件下水解成气相制成的。一般认为燃烧法制得的二氧化硅分子会凝聚形成颗粒,这些颗粒会经碰撞、附着和烧结在一起。由该方法可得到三维支链聚集体。当聚集体冷却至二氧化硅的熔点(约1710℃)以下时,进一步碰撞会导致链的机械缠结,形成团聚体。沉淀二氧化硅和二氧化硅凝胶一般在含水溶液中制得。参见Cabot技术数据手册TD-100中题为“CAB-O-SIL未经处理的煅制二氧化硅的特性和功能”的文章(1993年10月)和Cabot技术数据手册TD-104中题为“化妆品和个人清洁护理产品中的CAB-O-SIL煅制二氧化硅”的文章(1992年3月),所述内容结合在本发明中作为参考。
煅制二氧化硅的平均团聚粒度优选为约0.1-约100微米,优选为约1-约50微米,更优选为约10-约30微米。团聚体由平均粒度为约0.01-约15微米、约0.05-约10微米、更优选约0.1-约5微米、最优选约0.2-约0.3微米的聚集体构成。二氧化硅的表面积优选大于50平方米/克,更优选大于约130平方米/克,最优选大于约180平方米/克。
将无定形二氧化硅用作稳定剂时,其在乳剂组合物中的用量一般为约0.1-约10%,优选为约0.25-约8%,更优选为约0.5-约5%(重量)。
适用于本发明个人清洁组合物的第四类稳定剂是分散性绿土粘土,选自膨润土、水辉石和它们的混合物。膨润土是胶态硫酸铝粘土。参见默克索引第11版(1989年)1062条(164页),结合在本发明中作为参考。水辉石是含有钠、镁、锂、硅、氧、氢和氟的粘土。参见默克索引第11版(1989年)4538条(729页),结合在本发明中作为参考。
本发明个人清洁组合物中应用绿土粘土作稳定剂时,其用量一般为约0.1-约10%,优选为约0.25-约8%,更优选为约0.5-约5%。
其它已知的稳定剂如脂肪酸和脂肪醇也适用于本发明组合物。月桂酸和棕榈酸特别优选适用于此。F.水
本发明的漂去型抗微生物液体清洁组合物中含有约35-约88.8%(重量)的水,优选为约45-约80%(重量),更优选为约55-约75%(重量)。
本发明的漂去型抗微生物液体清洁组合物在26.7℃下的表观粘度或净粘度优选为约500-约60,000cps,优选为5,000-30,000cps。除非特别指出,用于本发明的术语“粘度”是采用Brookfield RVTDCP、CP-41转子在1转/分条件下经3分钟测出的。“净”粘度是指未稀释的液体清洁剂的粘度。G.优选的非必选成分温和性促进剂
为达到本发明的温和性,可加入能增进对皮肤温和性的非必选成分。这些成分包括阳离子和非离子聚合物、温和性促进辅助表面活性剂和它们的混合物。适用于此的聚合物包括聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、水解丝蛋白、水解奶蛋白、水解角蛋白、瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(trimonium chloride)、聚季铵盐、硅氧烷聚合物和它们的混合物。该组合物优选包含组合物重量约0.1至约10%的聚合物,优选阳离子聚合物。适用于此的辅助表面活性剂包括非离子表面活性剂如Genapol24系列的乙氧基化醇、POE(20)脱水山梨醇酯单油酸酯(Tween80)、聚乙二醇椰油酯和Pluronic氧化丙烯/氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物,以及两性表面活性剂如烷基甜菜碱和烷基磺基甜菜碱。辅助表面活性剂通常包含在该组合物中,用量为阴离子表面活性剂的约2%至约70%。H.其它非必选成分
本发明组合物中还可含有各种非必选成分。《CTFA国际化妆品成分手册》(1995年第6版,全文结合在本发明中作为参考)中描述了各种常用于护肤工业领域的非限定性美容和药用成分,均适用于本发明组合物。第537页列出了功能类成分的非限定性实例。这些功能类成分包括:磨料、抗痤疮剂、防结块剂、抗氧剂、粘结剂、生物添加剂、增量剂、螯合剂、化学添加剂、色剂、美容用收敛剂、美容用杀生物剂、变性剂、药用收敛剂、乳化剂、外用止痛剂、成膜剂、香料成分、保湿剂、遮光剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、推进剂、还原剂、皮肤增白剂、皮肤调理剂(软化剂、保湿剂、多功能成分和遮盖剂)、皮肤防护剂、溶剂、促泡剂、水溶助剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂(非表面活性剂类)、防晒剂、紫外线吸收剂和增粘剂(含水或无水)。其它本领域普通技术人员熟知的适用的功能类成分包括增溶剂、多价螯合剂和溶角蛋白剂等。II.漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物的制造方法
可采用本领域公认的用于制备各种形式的个人清洁组合物的方法制备本发明的漂去型抗微生物个人清洁组合物。III.漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物的应用方法
本发明的漂去型抗微生物个人清洁组合物适用于个人清洁,特别是洁手。一般将适用量或有效量的清洁组合物涂敷在被洗部位。也可经中间涂敷将适用量的清洁组合物涂敷在毛巾、海绵、衬垫、棉球、泡夫擦或其它涂敷装置上。如需要,被洗部位可预先用水打湿。本发明的组合物在洗涤过程中与水结合,并从皮肤上漂洗掉。产品的有效用量一般要视个人的需要和使用习惯而定。本发明组合物在被洗皮肤部位的清洁适用量一般为约0.1-约10mg/cm2,更优选约0.6-约5mg/cm2。
分析试验方法亲油性皮肤增湿剂的稠度(k)和剪切指数(n)
采用Carrimed CSL100受控应力流变仪测定适用于此的亲油性皮肤增湿剂剪切指数n和稠度k。在35℃下采用4cm的2°锥体测定体系(一般有51微米间隙),通过一定的随时间变化的剪切应力方案(一般为约0.06-约5,000达因/平方厘米)进行测定。如果应力造成试样形变,即测量几何学的应变至少为10-4弧度/秒,则应变的速率称为剪切速率。该数据用于做材料的粘度(μ)相对于剪切速率γ′的流动曲线。该流动曲线可经模型化以形成所述成分在特定剪切应力和剪切速率下的特性的数学表达式。这些结果满足以下普遍接受的幂律的模型(例如参见《化学工程》,Coulson和Richardson,Pergamon著,1982或《转移现象》,Bird,Stewart和Lightfoot,Wiely著,1960):
粘度μ=k(γ′)n-1液体个人清洁组合物的粘度
采用Wells-Brookfield锥/板DV-II+型粘度计测定本发明的液体个人清洁组合物的粘度。在25℃下,采用2.4cm°锥体(转子CP-41)测定体系测定,各锥和板上的两个小尖之间的间隙为0.013mm。在锥和板之间注入0.5ml试样用于分析,锥体转速设定为1rpm。锥体转动阻力会形成转矩,转矩与对液体试样的剪切应力成正比。由粘度计根据锥体的几何常数、转速和与应力有关的转矩读出并记录转矩值(以厘泊(mpa)计)。
实施例
采用以下实施例说明和描述本发明范围内的具体实施方案。在以下实施例中,所列所有成分均以活性物含量计。实施例仅用于说明,并不对本发明构成任何限定,在不背离本发明精神和范围的条件下存在多种变化形式。
成分为化学名或CTFA命名。
液体洗手皂组分 | 实施例1重量% | 实施例2重量% |
月桂基醚硫酸铵 | 9.5 | 5.5 |
月桂基硫酸铵 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
月桂酰基两性乙酸钠 | 5.4 | 5.6 |
无水柠檬酸 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
三氯生 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
矿脂 | 16.5 | 12.0 |
三羟基硬脂酸甘油酯 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
月桂酸 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
JR 30 M | 0.6 | 0.1 |
柠檬酸钠 | 至pH3.9 | 至pH3.9 |
其它成分 | 2.2 | 1.2 |
水 | 适量 | 适量 |
浴用凝胶 | %(重量) | ||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
月桂基硫酸钠或月桂基硫酸铵月桂基醚-3硫酸钠或月桂基醚-3硫酸铵月桂酰基两性乙酸钠或月桂酰基两性乙酸铵椰油酰胺MEA柠檬酸三氯生柠檬酸钠大豆油矿脂二甲基聚硅氧烷乳液三羟基硬脂酸甘油酯月桂酸棕榈酸聚季铵盐-10PEG 6辛酸/癸酸甘油酯其它成分水 | 6.304.205.252.806.501.00至pH48.000.000.000.000.002.200.301.508.28适量 | 3.159.455.400.006.500.60至pH3.50.0016.500.001.01.00.00.600.001.61适量 | 3.159.455.400.006.500.8至pH3.90.0016.51.001.01.00.00.300.001.98适量 |
阴离子表面活性剂的K值阴离子表面活性剂的微细胞毒性(Microtox)酸的生物活性(Z) | <0.37<31.29 | <0.28<31.29 | <0.28<31.29 |
制造洗手皂和浴用凝胶的步骤
1.洗手皂实施例1和2和浴用凝胶实施例2和3
除矿脂、活性成分和香精外,一同加入所有成分,加热至稳定剂熔化所需温度(三羟基硬脂酸甘油酯约为190°F)。冷却至115°F以下,加入活性成分、矿脂和香精。用氢氧化钠或缓冲盐调节最终pH。在终产品中加入剩余水。
2.浴用凝胶实施例1
加入增湿油和辅助表面活性剂,将成分加热至130-140°F,直至溶解。在另一容器中加入主要的表面活性剂、酸、缓冲盐、防腐剂、粘度调节剂(盐)和聚合物。加热至130-140°F直至溶解。在130-140°F下混和两混合物(不含油类成分时仅为一混合物),然后冷却。当混合物温度低于115°F时,加入抗菌活性成分和香精。用氢氧化钠或剩余的缓冲盐调节最终pH。加入剩余的水制成产品。
Claims (11)
1.一种漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,它包含:
a.0.1%至1%的抗微生物活性成分;
b.8%至18%的阴离子表面活性剂;
c.2%至12%的给质子试剂;
d.1%至30%的亲油皮肤增湿剂;
e.0.1%至4%的稳定剂;
f.35%至88.8%的水分;
其中阴离子表面活性剂中至少67%包含A类表面活性剂和C类表面活性
剂的混合物,其中A类与C类之比为5∶1至1∶2。本发明组合物的pH值
调至大于3.5至小于4.5。
2.一种漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,它包含:
a.0.1%至1%的抗微生物活性成分;
b.8%至18%的阴离子表面活性剂;
c.0.15%至2%的水杨酸;
d.1%至30%的亲油皮肤增湿剂;
e.0.1%至4%的稳定剂;
f.45%至90.65%的水分;
其中阴离子表面活性剂中至少67%包含A类表面活性剂和C类表面活性
剂的混合物,其中A类与C类之比为5∶1至1∶2。本发明组合物的pH值
调至大于3.0至小于5.5。
3.上述权利要求中任一项的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其中抗微生物活性成分包含三氯生。
4.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,该组合物另外包含0.1%至10%的选自阳离子聚合物,非离子聚合物及其混合物的聚合物。
5.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,该组合物另外包含占阴离子表面活性剂重量的20%至70%重的温和性促进的辅助表面活性剂,它选自甜菜碱,月桂酰基两性乙酸盐及其混合物。
6.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其中给质子试剂为生物活性指数Z大于0.75的有机酸。
7.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其中非阴离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂的用量比低于1∶1。
8.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其中亲油皮肤增湿剂包含矿脂。
9.上述权利要求中任一项所述的漂去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其中稳定剂包含0.1%至1.0%的结晶三-1,2-羟基硬脂酸甘油酯和0.5%至2.0%的选自月桂酸,月桂醇及其混合物的稳定剂。
10.一种提供对革兰氏阴性菌延时抗菌功效的方法,其中包括在人体皮肤上施用安全有效量的上述任一权利要求中所述的组合物。
11.一种处理痤疮的方法,其中包括在人体皮肤上施用安全有效量的上述任一权利要求中所述的组合物。
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EP (1) | EP0986371A1 (zh) |
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AR (1) | AR012239A1 (zh) |
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-
1997
- 1997-06-04 US US08/869,117 patent/US6190674B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-05-29 EP EP98925112A patent/EP0986371A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-05-29 AU AU77133/98A patent/AU7713398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-29 JP JP50268499A patent/JP2002505670A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-29 WO PCT/US1998/011161 patent/WO1998055099A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-05-29 CN CN98807395A patent/CN1264294A/zh active Pending
- 1998-06-03 ZA ZA984769A patent/ZA984769B/xx unknown
- 1998-06-04 CO CO98031813A patent/CO4940390A1/es unknown
- 1998-06-04 PE PE1998000449A patent/PE77599A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-04 AR ARP980102625A patent/AR012239A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102638973A (zh) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-08-15 | 耶路撒冷希伯来大学伊萨姆研究开发公司 | 消毒组合物 |
CN109310596A (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-02-05 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 抗微生物清洁组合物 |
CN109310596B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2021-11-26 | 联合利华知识产权控股有限公司 | 抗微生物清洁组合物 |
US11224568B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2022-01-18 | Conopco, Inc. | Antimicrobial cleansing composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PE77599A1 (es) | 1999-10-06 |
JP2002505670A (ja) | 2002-02-19 |
AR012239A1 (es) | 2000-09-27 |
ZA984769B (en) | 1999-01-19 |
EP0986371A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
US6190674B1 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
AU7713398A (en) | 1998-12-21 |
CO4940390A1 (es) | 2000-07-24 |
WO1998055099A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
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