CN1257443A - 耐火层叠状厚板片,其制造方法以及其应用 - Google Patents

耐火层叠状厚板片,其制造方法以及其应用 Download PDF

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CN1257443A
CN1257443A CN98803939A CN98803939A CN1257443A CN 1257443 A CN1257443 A CN 1257443A CN 98803939 A CN98803939 A CN 98803939A CN 98803939 A CN98803939 A CN 98803939A CN 1257443 A CN1257443 A CN 1257443A
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M·西尔斯
I·马洛尔特
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Mineralka doo
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Abstract

一个特别地包含三层物质的耐火层叠状厚板(1),其中的中心层(3)是由胶合的无机膨胀材料与无机纤维填料组成,呈显厚板状的外层(2,2’)位于上述中心层(3)的两个外侧,而且是由至少两个分别被连续的平状增强层(5)所分隔的胶合膨胀材料组成,该增强层(5)能高度抗拒机械应力,上述耐火层叠状厚板适用于建筑业和造船业中的内装饰物。

Description

耐火层叠状厚板片，其制造方法以及其应用
本发明涉及一种耐火层叠状厚板，它主要由无机膨胀材料如膨胀蛭石组成，用胶合剂胶合并模压成形；其制备方法，以及其应用。
欧洲专利文献EP-A1-43144描述了一种制备三层、不燃、耐火的层叠状厚板的方法，所述板由无机膨胀材料如蛭石与珠光体组成。在这种层叠状厚板中，每种材料本身构成一层板。为了构成上述的单层板，应向由所述的无机膨胀材料组成的颗粒中加入胶合剂，例如，可以将磷酸盐与热固树脂一起加入。然后，模压上述处理过的颗粒制成板材。
在上述的只加入无机材料的条件下，所制成的最终耐火的层叠状厚板具有重量大及较高刚度的特点。因此，对其继续加工处理，例如进行通常的模制将是困难或者甚至是不可能的。
本发明的目的是制造出一种能在通常的模制过程中进一步加工处理的耐火、层叠状的厚板，它具有人们所希望的隔音(绝缘)与耐水特性，以及重量轻的特点，而且它能满足国际防火规定的要求。
因此，本发明提供一种由具有不同粒径的无机膨胀材料，例如膨胀蛭石所组成的耐火层叠状厚板，其中向上述蛭石中加入粘合剂进行胶合并模压，该厚板至少有两层上述膨胀材料层，而且其中间还置有一层平面增强层。
上述耐火层叠状厚板的一个优点在于，胶合的膨胀材料与增强层是相互交替层叠的，以致于总共有三层胶合的膨胀层和两层增强层。
此外，本发明提供了一种三层的耐火层叠厚板，其特点在于其中间层是一层由具有不同粒径的胶合的膨胀材料与无机的纤维填料所组成的板层，在该中间层的外两侧有由至少两层胶合的膨胀材料所组成的板层，其中间各夹有抗机械应力的完全平面的增强层。
本发明的耐火层叠状厚板的优点还在于，上述增强层可以是一层可机械变形的金属层，由有机和/或无机纤维组成的金属织物，集束物或纤维层物。
本发明的耐火层叠状厚板可适用于建筑业与造船业的内装饰物。
附图1-3进一步详述本发明。
图1显示一块三层的耐火层叠厚板1，其中包括核心层3，其结构如附图3所示。在该核心层3的两侧各有外层2，2’，其结构如图2所示。在上述外层2，2’中各夹有增强层5。图2是按图1的A-A线的剖视图，其中显示放大的外层2，2’。该外层中含有4，4’层，它们是由胶合的膨胀蛭石组成。在层4与层4’之间夹有增强层5。
图3是按图1的B-B线的剖视图，其中显示放大的核心层3。其中的图示标记6表示粒径较小的蛭石微粒，而图示标记7表示粒径较大的蛭石微粒。在上述蛭石微粒之间含有无机的纤维填料或珠光体8。
用下列实例进一步描述本发明。
用下述步骤制备本发明的三层厚板：将不同产地及不同粒径的蛭石，如图示标记4，5与6，输送到加热炉中，炉内温度约为800-850℃，这要根据蛭石的类型与粒径而定。经处理后的蛭石微粒的体积比原来的体积增加8-10倍，在将蛭石微粒送入混合装置前，应分离出其中的杂质。
在混合装置内上述蛭石微粒与粘合剂胶合，可用尿醛树脂，硅酸盐(水玻璃)与磷酸盐作为粘合剂进行上述混合过程。
使用溶液状的粘合剂，粘合剂含量为40-70。其中在上述外层2，2’中的粘合剂用量为15-30％，而在核心层3中的粘合剂用量为15-30％。
经胶合后的外层2，2’中的粘合剂含量约为20％。
在核心层中的粘合剂含量也是约20％。
例如按下列步骤制备外层2，2’：
将胶合的蛭石微粒4的松散物放在输送带上撒开，并用手工方法在该松装物中加入增强层5。增强层5可以由碳纤维，玻璃纤维或金属纤维组成，具有不同厚度及网状结构的垫状物或网状物。
接着，将上述松装物送入一个间歇操作的压制机中，在160℃与150-200N/cm2压力下压制成形，并得到一个具有如图2所示结构的半成品，该成品既可用作终产品，也可用于制备如图1所示的层叠状厚板。
为了制备核心层3，将胶合的蛭石微粒6，7(具有不同的粒径)与无机的纤维填料物放入一个混合器内混合。较小的蛭石微粒6的粒径约为0.350～3mm。较大的蛭石微粒的粒径约为1-2.5mm。上述混合加入的无机的纤维填料物可以是岩石绵或珠光体。它在终产品板中起隔音与冷、热绝缘作用。为了进一步改进其隔音效果，还可在核心层3两侧加有金属薄层9，9’，其厚度约为0.075-0.15mm。
经上述混合过程后，可得到一个松装物体，并将其送入一个间歇操作的压制机内，在130℃及150-200N/cm2压力下，压制出一个半成品。
该半成品可有如下用途：
用作终产品，例如用作防火板，或者
用作半成品，制备如图1的层叠状板。
可用作为外层的半成品2，2’与作为核心层的半成品3制备本发明的层叠状厚板。
由此可形成一个压制组件，其中外层2，2’位于核心层3的外两侧。将该压制组件放入一个冷压式压制机中压制。
用阻燃性的聚氨酯粘合剂作为本发明所用的组合粘合剂。
将改进了产品性能的本发明的层叠状厚板1与只用无机材料组成的，已知的，其型号为NEGORR的三层厚板进行比较。
下表显示其比较结果：
层叠数外层中的粘合剂％内层中的粘合剂％增强层厚度mm单位体积重量Kg/mn弯曲断裂强度MPa阻燃性隔音性能dB耐水性     NEGOR34023-19840+/-10％4-5有27无     厚板132220419580+/-10％10-11有32有
由表可知，本发明的层叠状厚板中的粘合剂含量比现有技术中的厚板的粘合剂含量更低。该已知厚板只由无机膨胀材料组成，其型号为NEGOR。虽然其中的粘合剂含量低，但由于增强层5的作用，本发明的层叠状厚板令人惊奇地具有良好的机械性能。由于采用了增强层，使本发明的厚板的重量比NEGOR板更轻些，这带来了结构工艺上的好处。
此外，本发明的厚板的弯曲断裂强度更高些，以致于本发明的厚板1比NEGOR板更容易弯曲变形。
由于上述改进的工艺参数，我们可以以更容易方式将本发明的层叠状板用于建筑业及造船业的内装饰，并能满足国际的阻燃规定要求。

Claims (6)

1.耐火层叠状厚板，基本上是由具有不同粒径的无机膨胀材料，例如膨胀的蛭石组成，用粘合剂胶合并随之压制成形，其中至少有两层上述膨胀材料层，在其中间还夹有一层平面的增强层。
2.根据权利要求1的耐火层叠状板，其特征是上述胶合的膨胀材料层与增强层交替叠置，以致于具有三层的胶合膨胀材料层与两层的增强层。
3.三层的耐火层叠状厚板，其特征是该中间层由具有不同粒径的胶合的膨胀材料与无机的纤维填料物组成，在该中间层的外两侧有由至少两层胶合的膨胀材料层组成的板层，其中间夹有抗机械应力的完全平面的增强层。
4.根据权利要求1-3中之一的耐火层叠状厚板，其特征是该增强层是一层可机械变形的金属层。
5.根据权利要求1-3中之一的耐火层叠状厚板，其特征是该增强层是由无机和/或有机纤维组成的织物，聚束物或纤维层。
6.根据权利要求1-5中之一的耐火层叠状厚板的用途，其中用于建筑业与造船业的内装饰。
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CN101967866A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2011-02-09 苗冠强 石材型加强轻型复合板
CN104114357A (zh) * 2011-12-09 2014-10-22 伊德斯德国股份有限公司 具有改善的耐火性的纤维增强复合材料及由其制成的结构组件

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CN103087601B (zh) * 2011-10-31 2015-01-21 亚士创能科技(上海)股份有限公司 防火组合物及防火保温板
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DE59803068D1 (de) 2002-03-21
EP0979168B1 (de) 2002-02-13
EP0875371A1 (de) 1998-11-04
CN1161230C (zh) 2004-08-11
DK0979168T3 (da) 2002-04-02
EA001614B1 (ru) 2001-06-25
EP0979168A1 (de) 2000-02-16
EA199900871A1 (ru) 2000-04-24
ATE213203T1 (de) 2002-02-15
ZA983449B (en) 1998-10-29
AU7669798A (en) 1998-11-24
US6230458B1 (en) 2001-05-15
WO1998049004A1 (de) 1998-11-05
SI0979168T1 (en) 2002-08-31

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