CN1250339C - 粉末涂料施涂到非金属基材上的方法 - Google Patents

粉末涂料施涂到非金属基材上的方法 Download PDF

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CN1250339C
CN1250339C CNB01803313XA CN01803313A CN1250339C CN 1250339 C CN1250339 C CN 1250339C CN B01803313X A CNB01803313X A CN B01803313XA CN 01803313 A CN01803313 A CN 01803313A CN 1250339 C CN1250339 C CN 1250339C
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powder
powdery paints
steam
temperature
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CN1416372A (zh
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M·L·霍利迪
C·威尔逊
C·G·皮尔斯
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B05D1/045Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field on non-conductive substrates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B05B5/032Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了一种向不导电基材上施涂粉末涂料的方法,首先将不导电基材暴露于蒸汽和加热的组合中,温度介于70℃-140℃,时间为5秒到最多10分钟,随后将粉末涂料静电施涂到接地的基材上;这种简单而可靠的预处理方法可以使粉末涂料有效地施涂到不导电基材上,导致粉末涂料均匀和平均地沉积在包括边缘在内的整个表面上,而且对粉末膜的后续固化没有不利影响。

Description

粉末涂料施涂到非金属基材上的方法
发明背景
本发明涉及将粉末涂料施涂到非金属基材如木材或塑料、基于石膏和水泥的产品、以及复合材料、优选中等密度纤维板(MDF)或其它基于纤维素的基材上的一种方法。
粉末涂料典型地施涂到导电金属基材上,粉末涂料在这些导电材料上的沉积通过静电作用力得以增强。粉末通过摩擦(摩擦起电)或电晕放电而带有电荷,然后带电粉末喷涂到接地的基材上。粉末涂料颗粒上的静电荷使得在基材上涂布了均匀的粉末层,并且还导致粉末暂时粘结在基材表面。这种粘结作用相当强,使得涂布后的片材可以从施涂粉末的场所运输到固化炉,在固化炉中熔融粉末并在基材上形成一张连续膜。为了成功地施涂粉末涂料,金属基材的导电性很重要。
使用粉末涂料涂布非金属基材对环境是有利的,能减少VOC(挥发性有机化合物)扩散和废涂料。但是,施涂到基本不导电的基材上与施涂到金属基材上相比实施起来相当困难。大多数非金属材料如木材复合材料或塑料的表面导电性不足以使基材有效地接地。因此在这些基材上的粉末沉积没有静电引力的协助,通常导致不均匀的粉末沉积以及在涂布后的粉末涂料固化之前粉末和基材的粘结较差。
过去已经开发了各种路线以克服这个问题。
文章“木基基材的粉末涂料(Powder Coatings of Wood basedSubstrates)”(H.Bauch,JOT 1998,10卷,40页)描述了在施涂粉末之前用一种液体导电底漆进行预处理的方法。该底漆使表面导电性增加到足以使粉末面漆静电沉积。但是此方法需要一个附加的涂布步骤,可能在施涂底漆和粉末涂料工艺之间进行中间砂磨,这就给整个涂布工艺增加了大量成本。
在同一篇文章中,对预处理不导电基材提出了其它一些建议,如通过高频交流电压将其干燥或采用紫外线固化粉末涂料而不进行表面预处理来增加表面导电性。问题是要得到均匀的涂层,特别是对结构化基材而言,以及得到具有所需遮盖力或消光性能的涂层。
DE-A 19533858描述了在施涂粉末涂料之前用微波将MDF板预先加热。据信微波加热使得MDF表面上的含湿量暂时增加,这会减少表面电阻率。但是用微波加热较大的物品如MDF板成本太高,因此用微波加热这样大的物品难以实施。
已经采用的另一种方法是在涂布之前将水喷在非金属基材的表面以增加表面导电性。这种方法的问题是在熔融/固化工艺过程中在粉末膜下面形成水蒸气,导致多孔和粉末粘结较差。
另一种已知的预处理方法包括:将不导电基材如木材复合材料或天然木材干燥加热,然后将粉末涂料施涂到热表面上。例如EP-A 933140描述了采用红外辐射来预热板材,然后将粉末施涂到具有特定表面温度(例如55℃)的板材上。该方法的缺点是由于热损耗,板材的边缘通常没有足够覆盖。
本发明的新方法克服了前述现有技术方法中的缺陷。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种向不导电基材上施涂粉末涂料的方法,首先在静电施涂粉末涂料之前用蒸汽和加热来处理基材。这种简单而可靠的预处理方法可以使粉末涂料有效地施涂到不导电基材上,甚至沉积在包括边缘在内的整个表面上,而且对粉末膜的后续固化没有不利影响。
发明详述
在本发明的方法中,不导电基材的表面暴露于蒸汽和加热的组合下,温度介于70℃-140℃,时间为5秒到最多10分钟,随后将粉末涂料静电施涂到接地的基材上。
优选采用的预处理温度介于80℃-130℃,且预处理时间介于5秒-5分钟。
必需密切控制取决于待处理基材的蒸汽预处理和加热的温度及时间参数,以避免在熔融/固化工艺期间水通过粉末膜散发的可能性,这会导致膜的缺陷如针眼或起泡。
在本发明方法中必需使用蒸汽和加热的组合以使处理后的表面不会变得饱和或者在表面上有冷凝水。
要用本发明方法涂布的基材在上述温度下于饱和蒸汽气氛中放置上述时间。
可以在外部加热蒸汽室以保持其内部温度。
还可能使用适当温度下的高压蒸汽以将温度调节到所需的值。蒸汽处理还可以通过将待涂布的片材放在蒸汽喷嘴前来实施,该喷嘴设计为能均匀地覆盖片材的整个表面区域。
在蒸汽和加热预处理之后,将粉末涂料施涂到接地的基材上。粉末涂料施涂期间基材表面的温度可以介于室温到90℃。优选在低于粉末涂料玻璃化转变温度的温度下施涂粉末。典型的粉末涂料玻璃化转变温度介于45-70℃。
在蒸汽和加热预处理之后和将粉末施涂到基材表面之前,优选有介于5秒到最多5分钟的稳定化时期,例如30秒到1分钟。
用于本发明方法的粉末涂料可以是任何适用于所述基材的热固化或辐射固化粉末,其包含已知的粉末粘合剂、交联剂、颜料和/或添加剂。所得涂层例如可以是一种光滑的面漆、一种有纹理的面漆或一种金属化效果。
可以用紫外线辐射固化的粉末涂料组合物的例子描述在EP-A 739922、EP-A 702067或EP-A 636660中。
适用于以近红外辐射(NIR)方式固化的粉末涂料组合物描述于WO99/41323中。
在粉末涂料施涂步骤之后,采用适当的方式使粉末涂料熔融并固化。对于熔融步骤,可以使用对流加热、辐射加热(如红外、气体催化红外、近红外辐射(NIR))或不同加热源的组合。如果采用热固化粉末涂料,可以使用相同的加热源来实施固化步骤。如果采用紫外线或电子束固化粉末涂料,可以用紫外线辐射来辐照熔融层或通过电子束处理来实施固化。
本发明的方法可以用于各种不导电基材,如刨花板、MDF、HDF(高密度纤维板)、纸、纸板或其它基于纤维素的材料、天然木材、塑料、基于石膏或水泥的材料以及复合材料。
本发明的方法特别可用于涂布厚度低于15mm的薄MDF板,其可以含有已经用尖锐边缘切割下来的剖面。这种板难以采用已知的预处理方法如干燥加热来涂布。
本发明的方法使得粉末涂料有效地涂布到不导电基材上,基材上的粉末沉积非常均匀并且可重复,并且具有最佳流动和遮盖力性能。
蒸汽加上加热预处理使得粉末均匀施涂到基材的所有部分,包括模具、尖锐边缘或有孔洞的边缘。预处理并不影响后续的粉末层熔融以及固化加工。得到具有良好性能的基本无缺陷涂层。
以下实施例进一步说明了本发明的方法,在以下每个实施例中,使用环氧聚酯粉末涂料,并采用电晕涂布法在常规涂布条件下施涂,并且粉末涂布到的基材是接地的。
实施例
实施例1
处理一块6mm厚的MDF板,将其经过一个室,其中板材暴露在蒸汽和加热到80℃的循环空气中1分钟。从室中取出后,板材静置稳定1分钟,然后采用常规高压静电喷涂枪涂布粉末涂料。粉末涂装效果非常好,包括完全覆盖了板材边缘并缠绕在板材背面周围。
实施例2
以同样方式涂布另一块相同的板材,但没有蒸汽-加热处理步骤。粉末涂装效果较差,特别是不可能达到覆盖板材的边缘,并且周围缠绕受到限制。
实施例3
通过红外辐射到表面温度为80℃来预热另一块相同的板材,然后如上所述在1分钟内涂布粉末。粉末没有粘结到板材的边缘。
实施例4
一个由15mm厚的MDF板预先组装的三维盒子(尺寸300×150mm)用粉末涂布,但是盒子未经过任何处理,并且如上所述另外组装一个盒子,在对流炉中于130℃预先加热5分钟之后用粉末涂布。在这两种情况下,粉末涂料贯穿进盒子的角落较差,同时大量区域未涂布。
实施例5
如实施例4所述的盒子通过一个室,其中盒子暴露于蒸汽中并在85℃加热1分钟。从室中取出之后,稳定1分钟,如上所述进行粉末涂布;这次粉末涂料的涂装效果相当好,全部覆盖了内部和外部。

Claims (7)

1.一种将粉末涂料施涂到不导电基材上的方法,它包括:
用蒸汽和加热来处理不导电基材的表面,温度介于70℃-140℃,时间为5秒到最多10分钟,
一个稳定化时期,以及
随后通过粉末涂料的静电喷涂来施涂粉末涂料。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中蒸汽和加热温度介于80℃-130℃,时间介于5秒-5分钟。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中稳定化时期介于5秒到最多5分钟。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中稳定化时期介于30秒到最多1分钟。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中待处理的基材放置在蒸汽的饱和气氛中,随后是循环的热空气。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中在粉末施涂期间基材表面的温度保持在室温到90℃。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中在施涂粉末涂料期间基材表面的温度为45-70℃,并且低于粉末涂料的玻璃化转变温度。
CNB01803313XA 2000-10-26 2001-10-26 粉末涂料施涂到非金属基材上的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1250339C (zh)

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