CN1245067C - Method for carbon dioxide fertilization in plastic tunnel by organic agricultural waste fermentation - Google Patents
Method for carbon dioxide fertilization in plastic tunnel by organic agricultural waste fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1245067C CN1245067C CN 200410024965 CN200410024965A CN1245067C CN 1245067 C CN1245067 C CN 1245067C CN 200410024965 CN200410024965 CN 200410024965 CN 200410024965 A CN200410024965 A CN 200410024965A CN 1245067 C CN1245067 C CN 1245067C
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- organic waste
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002921 fermentation waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004177 carbon cycle Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015802 Lactuca sativa var crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004201 Lactuca sativa var. crispa Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018694 Solanum laxum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004488 Solanum wendlandii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000305 Solanum wendlandii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for carrying out carbon dioxide fertilization in a greenhouse by fermenting organic agricultural waste. The method comprises the steps that mixtures of crop straw and livestock dung are taken as base materials, and the ratio of C to N of the base materials is 40:1; the base materials are positioned inside a fermenting device and are directly fermented in the greenhouse; the ferment temperature in the ferment process is kept at about 50 DEG C, and the pH value of the base materials is from 6 to 7. Carbon dioxide air fertilizer is released in the greenhouse. Partial ferment waste slag is taken out from the bottom of the fermenting device weekly after the base materials are fermented for 1 to 2 weeks, and partial new base materials are added from the top of the fermenting device. The concentration of the carbon dioxide air fertilizer in the greenhouse is at least maintained on 800 mu LL<-1>. The present invention carries out reasonable carbon cycle to the organic waste which seriously pollutes the ecological environment, solves the pollution of the organic waste to the ecological environment, and can solve the producing practical problems, such as the serious lack of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse cultivation, soil worsening, etc. The present invention solves the pollution, fully uses the C and N resources and changes the pollution sources into valuable resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for performing greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization by utilizing agricultural organic waste fermentation.
Background
It is reported that the area of vegetable cultivation-based facilities for gardening in the country has reached 86.7 ten thousand hectares by the end of 1998, which is the first place in the world and is increased by 120 times compared with 1981, and the development rate is still very rapid in recent years. It is well known that the optimum CO for photosynthesis in greenhouse and greenhouse crops2The concentration is usually about CO in air23-5 times of the concentration (CO in air)2The content is about 350 ul/L). And CO in the greenhouse2The concentration is usually only about 250. mu.l/L, according to our recent CO concentration in strawberry houses2The concentration measurement result shows that: CO in shed at 9-10 o' clock in the morning of fine day2The concentration can be as low as about 100ul/L and is in severe CO2Starvation conditions. Thus, greenhouse CO application2The yield increasing effect is very obvious and can generally reach about 30 percent. As the economic benefit is very obvious, the application of CO is increased for greenhouse crops2The technology of air fertilizer is accepted by vast farmers. CO currently in China2The fertilizing method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) a ventilation method: by this method, only CO can be removed2The concentration is increased to 350 mul/L, and the photosynthesis of crops to CO can not be satisfied2To the need of (a). Moreover, frequent ventilation can reduce the temperature in the greenhouse and influence the growth of crops
(2) Deep ammonium bicarbonate application: the basic principle of the method is that carbon dioxide released by ammonium bicarbonate through natural decomposition in the field is utilized, . The method is simple and convenient, has low cost, has the function of applying the nitrogen fertilizer, but has the defects of difficult control of concentration and easy ammonia gas poison.
(3) Chemical reaction method: the basic principle of the method is that strong acid reacts with carbonate to generate CO2. General use is of NH4HCO3With dilute H2SO4Reaction productRaw CO2. The method has low cost, and the reaction product ammonium sulfate can be reused as a chemical fertilizer after being treated, so that the method is CO which is generally popularized at present2The method has the defects that ① the cost is not low, if the fertilizer is applied for 30-35 days in each growth period, the cost is over 2000 yuan/hm21 CO is allocated according to each mu of greenhouse2The generator calculates that the pipeline needs investment of 7500 yuan/hm2The farmers spend half an hour to one hour for fertilizing everyday, ② the reaction residual liquid is increased in acidity due to the excessive use of sulfuric acid and the phenomena of crop seedling death and soil structure deterioration after being applied into soil are caused by carelessness in the process of applying ②, ③ CO2The distribution is not uniform enough, the duration is short, and the like.
(4) Bottled liquid CO2The method comprises the following steps: liquid CO2Is a byproduct of alcohol industry, has more fertilizer sources but has high cost.
In addition, because of large investment in greenhouse cultivation, farmers often apply chemical fertilizers heavily and rarely apply organic fertilizers in order to pursue higher economic benefits, and in addition, natural precipitation does not exist under the condition of the greenhouse, soil water moves to the ground surface through transpiration, a large amount of salt migrates to surface soil along with water to form salt frost, so that the surface soil is salinized and the soil structure is increasingly deteriorated, and the phenomenon of dead seedlings is frequently caused, which is one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles of the greenhouse.
On the other hand, China is one of the countries with the largest organic waste production in the world at present, and the annual total yield of various crop straws in China is reported to be more than 7 hundred million tons, wherein 2 hundred million tons of straws are 2.3 hundred million tons, 2.2 million tons of corn straws are 2 hundred million tons, 1.0 million tons of beans and autumn minor cereals straws are 1.0 million tons, and 1.0 million tons of peanuts, potato vines, beet leaves and the like are 1.0 million tons; the livestock manure discharge amount in one year in China is about 20.4 hundred million tons. However, with the rapid development and scale-up of animal husbandry and the increase in labor prices, contemporary farmers are reluctant to apply organic fertilizers. The most convenient method for treating straws at present is to directly burn the straws in the field. In the Sanskrit season, events that flights cannot land and highways are forced to be closed due to smoke in the whole day occur for many times, so that a large amount of precious resources are wasted, and the environment is seriously polluted. Therefore, the straw is out of the way, which becomes a great problem to be solved urgently by government departments. Livestock and poultry manure in many farms accumulates like a mountain, causing serious pollution to the surrounding environment and water, and bringing serious threat to the health of people and livestock. Even if some large-scale farms treat the livestock and poultry manure in a composting organic compound fertilizer mode at present, about 30 percent of organic matters are consumed in the fermentation process in the composting process, the nitrogen loss can reach more than 60 percent due to the increase of the pH value in the fermentation process, and the treatment and processing cost of each ton of organic fertilizer needs about 100 yuan. This wastes a large amount of C, N resources and increases the cost of fertilizer for farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization by utilizing agricultural organic waste fermentation, which is simple and easy to implement, can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by a large amount of agricultural organic waste and can prevent greenhouse soil from degrading.
The method of the invention utilizes agricultural organic waste to ferment in a greenhouse to directly obtain the gas fertilizer for releasing carbon dioxide, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) mixing crop straws and livestock and poultry manure to be used as a matrix, wherein the dosage of the matrix is 0.2-0.4 kg of the crop straws and 0.3-0.6 kg of the livestock and poultry manure in each cubic meter of greenhouse, the C/N ratio of the matrix is 40/1, the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 6.0-7, and the water content is adjusted to 60% -80%;
2) putting the mixture into a fermentation device, directly fermenting in a greenhouse, keeping the fermentation temperature at 45-55 ℃ and the pH value of the substrate at 6.0-7 in the fermentation process, and obtaining carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the greenhouse;
3) after fermentation for 1-2 weeks, taking out part of fermentation waste residues from the bottom of the fermentation device every week, adding part of new matrix from the top of the fermentation device, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the greenhouse at least 800 mu LL-1。
The crop straws comprise straws, wheat straws, corn straws, beans, autumn coarse cereal straws, peanuts, potato vines, beet leaves, harmless degradable garbage and the like. Crop straws are generally cut into about 10cm long, and are watered repeatedly and covered with plastic films for a plurality of times to contain water.
The optimal fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the fermentation is directly carried out in the greenhouse, the fermentation temperature can reach more than 50 ℃ on the next day, and a large amount of CO is released to the greenhouse2The fermentation temperature can be controlled by adjusting the ventilation of the fermentation device. The optimal water content of the matrix is 70%, and the optimal pH value is 6.5.
The fermented waste residue is a good decomposed organic fertilizer, can be directly applied to greenhouse soil, and has good effects of improving the soil fertility of the greenhouse and solving continuous cropping obstacles of the greenhouse. In addition, the fermentation waste residue is also an ideal substrate for raising seedlings of greenhouse crops.
Test results show that the method can lead the greenhouse CO to be in the CO state2The concentration is kept above 500 mul/L, only 15 days of treatment, the yield of the spinach, the green vegetables and the leaf lettuce is higher than that of a control by more than 80 percent, the quality is obviously improved, and the spinach, the green vegetables and the leaf lettuce can be listed in the market at least 7 days in advance, so the economic benefit is considerable.
The invention makes the organic waste which causes serious pollution to the ecological environment pass through reasonable carbon circulation, which not only solves the pollution of the organic waste to the ecological environment, but also solves the problem of CO in greenhouse cultivation2Serious deficiency, soil deterioration and other practical production problems, not only solves the pollution, but also fully utilizes C, N resources, and leads the pollution source to become precious resources, which can be obtained at a stroke. In addition, the pH value in the whole fermentation process is controlled below 7, so that NH in the conventional stacking can be effectively prevented3Loss of volatile N element; as the livestock and poultry manure is fermented at high temperature, harmful germs in the original livestock and poultry manure are killed, and certain harmful substances such as antibiotics, hormones and the like can be effectively degraded.
Detailed Description
Calculated according to the volume of the greenhouse, 0.3kg of dry straws and 0.5kg of fresh pig manure (the amount of the poultry manure can be reduced to 0.3kg due to lower water content and higher nitrogen content) are used for each cubic meter of the greenhouse, so that the initial C/N ratio of the two mixed materials is about 40/1. Cutting rice straw into about 10cm length, and repeating the stepsThe rice straw is sprayed with water and covered with plastic film to absorb water. Then uniformly mixing the straws and the pig manure; detecting with pH test paper, and adjusting pH of the matrix to about 6 with rice vinegar or dilute sulfuric acid; adjusting the water content of the substrate to about 70%. The substrate is put into a fermentation device and directly fermented in a greenhouse, the fermentation temperature can reach more than 50 ℃ the next day, the ventilation quantity of the fermentation device is increased, the temperature can be properly reduced, and the fermentation temperature is kept at about 50 ℃. Every 2 days after the fermentation for two days, a small amount of substrate is taken from the center of the fermentation device to detect the pH, and when the pH exceeds 7, diluted rice vinegar or diluted sulfuric acid is sprayed from the top of the fermentation device to adjust the pH to about 6. This is important because the pH of the substrate increases during fermentation, and when the pH is raised above 7, not only does it significantly reduce CO2Also, a large amount of NH is volatilized3Generating toxicity to greenhouse crops. Until two weeks later, part of the fermentation residues are taken out from the bottom of the fermentation device every week, and part of new matrix is added from the top of the fermentation device, so that the greenhouse CO can be maintained all the time2The concentration is 800 mu LL-1The above.
Fermentation can be started at the initial stage of vigorous growth of greenhouse crops (because of small growth amount of CO in seedling stage2Lack is not serious), the yield of most leaf vegetables can be increased by more than 80 percent by treating for 15-20 days generally, and the leaf vegetables can be extracted for 1 week and put on the market compared with the control greenhouse.
The fermented waste residue can be directly applied to greenhouse soil, the using amount per mu can be controlled to be about 3000kg, and the effect of improving the soil fertility of the greenhouse and solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the greenhouse is better.
Claims (5)
1. The method for performing greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization by utilizing agricultural organic waste fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) mixing crop straws and livestock and poultry manure to be used as a matrix, wherein the dosage of the matrix is 0.2-0.4 kg of the crop straws and 0.3-0.6 kg of the livestock and poultry manure in each cubic meter of greenhouse, the C/N ratio of the matrix is 40/1, the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 6.0-7, and the water content is adjusted to 60% -80%;
2) putting the mixture into a fermentation device, directly fermenting in a greenhouse, keeping the fermentation temperature at 45-55 ℃ and the pH value of the substrate at 6.0-7 in the fermentation process, and obtaining carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the greenhouse;
3) after fermentation for 1-2 weeks, taking out part of fermentation waste residues from the bottom of the fermentation device every week, adding part of new matrix from the top of the fermentation device, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the greenhouse at least 800 mu LL-1。
2. The method forgreenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization using agricultural organic waste fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃.
3. The method for greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization using agricultural organic waste fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the substrate is 70%.
4. The method for greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization using agricultural organic waste fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a pH of 6.5.
5. The method for greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization using agricultural organic waste fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop straw is cut into 10cm lengths.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410024965 CN1245067C (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Method for carbon dioxide fertilization in plastic tunnel by organic agricultural waste fermentation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410024965 CN1245067C (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Method for carbon dioxide fertilization in plastic tunnel by organic agricultural waste fermentation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1582623A CN1582623A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN1245067C true CN1245067C (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200410024965 Expired - Fee Related CN1245067C (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Method for carbon dioxide fertilization in plastic tunnel by organic agricultural waste fermentation |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102167627A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-31 | 上海博琛生物科技有限公司 | Method for additionally applying carbon dioxide air fertilizer to warm-house booth through agricultural organic waste fermentation |
| CN102511261A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-27 | 成都盛尔嘉科技有限公司 | Method for increasing tomato yield |
| CN102924140A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for directly composting CO2 fertilization fermentation residues into bio-organic fertilizer in the field |
| CN105801181A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-07-27 | 南通蛇类治疗研究所 | Vegetable greenhouse CO2 oxygen fertilizer prepared from industrial-agricultural waste straw excrement |
| CN107318533A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-07 | 霍山县安绿园农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method that shallow embedding stalk generates carbon dioxide in greenhouse |
| CN107306700B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2022-08-19 | 阳光富碳农业科技（天津）有限公司 | Method for increasing carbon dioxide application by using agricultural water and device used in method |
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