CN1243472A - 硬的彩色制品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种由真空成型的层状片材形成制品表皮的彩色硬制品。
Description
本发明涉及一种制造硬的彩色制品的方法和该制品本身。本发明可应用于宽范围的制品，而在制造用于有发动机的设备/车辆的板材方面特别有利，因此就此项目进行说明，且暗示本发明具有更广泛的应用。
某些车辆，尤其是重型工业车辆例如挖土机易于损坏。虽然这些车辆可以有金属板材作为外部护罩，但如果该板材由不太贵又较耐用的材料制造就更为经济一些。塑料显然是可选择的材料，但是这些材料没有吸引人的颜色。EP-A-0266107揭示了一种据说可用作汽车车体板材的制品，该制品包括流延的耐天候聚合物薄膜，该薄膜由着色的丙烯酸层制备并通过粘合剂连接到PVC薄膜上并且支承在一聚合物层上。该制品通过把薄膜放入模具内并使PVC膜朝向最里面之后注塑可固化聚合物制备。因此需要一种制造硬的抗冲击板材的方法，该板材要有吸引人的光亮颜色。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种制造彩色硬制品的方法，该方法包括：
i)施加一层抗冲击着色材料至抗冲击热塑性聚合物片材上形成制品表皮的前体。
ii)真空成型该层状片材至适于该制品表皮的预定形状。
iii)在耐压力和温度的模具中使成型的层状片材与成型的外壳接触，让着色层接触外壳的壁。
iv)提供可固化的树脂组合物接触该片材的暴露表面，合模，允许或致使该组合物固化，由此该固化的组合物具有与该片材相同的形状，以及
v)取出已成型的硬的彩色制品。
该表皮应是能被热成型的(即在真空下热成型)并且具有合适的颜色和光泽。该表皮应是耐天候的和抗冲击的并且对于紫外光具有稳定性。如果需要，该表皮应能够粘合到树脂基材上。热塑性树脂层可以是丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸(ASA)的酯、聚碳酸酯和其衍生物，冲击性改进的未增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC-u)，和抗紫外线高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)。最优选的抗冲击热塑性聚合物是ABS，着色层是在塑料载体，例如聚丙烯酸酯中有光泽的着色层。最优选的片材和层是可以商标“IRIDON”买到的共挤出物。
所形成的制品需要固定到架子上或成对物件的制品上，为此目的本发明的有利特性就是固定元件可在可固化组合物中被固定。成型该外壳以啮合该固定元件的自由端。
该片材优选以ABS即丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯成型，用于颜料的聚丙烯酸酯载体优选是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。ABS优选是具有以下综合性能的高抗冲形式：在23℃艾佐德冲击值380-420J/m，30-40MPa的拉伸强度，大约1.1克/厘米3的密度。
共挤出片材首先在阳模中被真空成型为所需的外形，即热成型。然后将其放入壳体，该壳体最优选是抗变形的，即当树脂组合物在模具中固化时抗压力和温度升高。最优选的是该壳体含有已固化的环氧树脂GRP(玻璃增强塑料)的半壳(其可以具有特别紧密的容限)。有利的是将半壳设置在模具中，然后将该模具固定在耐压压力机中。
将成型的片材放入半壳内且丙烯酸酯层向下，使成型的ABS片材随后作为可固化树脂组合物的型模。由于是已成型的片材接触模具的内层因此不需要脱模剂。
本发明更优选的特性是用纤维增强所述的可固化组合物。优选的是该纤维具有拉伸性和韧性。这种纤维可以是松散的但是优选毡片的形式。虽然该纤维可选自宽范围的材料例如金属、非金属，复合物例如钛、碳、硅酸铝盐，塑料例如聚丙烯，但还是优选使用玻璃纤维。它们可以在选自与可固化组合物相容的乳胶粘合剂中粘结为毡片。该纤维材料优选可从Vetrotex(UK)Ltd买到的VETROTEX M5。
应根据制品的预定最终用途选择具有相应机械性能的树脂组合物。优选高的强度/重量比值，以及与其它组分的相容性。非强制地，该树脂组合物的选择可以考虑声音衰减性、流动性(能够成型复杂的形状)，以及着色性和彩色配套性。
该树脂组合物可选自可固化材料的范围，例如，PVC、丙烯酸聚合物、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚氨酯等等。该组合物优选适于形成硬的产品形式，其强度选择适于预定的最终应用。最优选选择组合物以形成成型的聚氨酯，在该情况下它含有一种多羟基组分、一种异氰酸酯组分和一催化剂。还可以有其它组分例如填料、发泡剂、增量剂、着色剂，等等。该多羟基组分可基于聚酯、聚环氧化合物、聚醚、聚丁二烯，该异氰酸酯可以是二异氰酸甲基酯、二异氰酸萘酯、二异氰酸亚甲代苯基酯或类似物。本发明更优选的特性是可固化树脂组合物是聚氨酯，因为其可在短时间内，例如少于5分钟，尤其是从1.5至大约3分钟提供硬制品。结果在大量生产的基础上可快速制得该制品。
本发明更优选的特性是在固化之前在树脂组合物中固定固定元件。此元件可以是带螺纹的螺栓，其螺栓头被固定在组合物中。可以包括几个这样的元件。
然后可以通过化学方法或温度或其它辐射手段进行固化。可以按已知的方式引起发泡。
本发明的另一方面提供一种制造彩色硬制品的方法，包括以下步骤：将具有着色表面的成型表皮放入耐温和耐压模具中的成型壳体内，使着色表面接触壳体的壁，随后是表皮后的固化树脂，其特征在于该表皮是由共挤出抗冲击的着色层和抗冲击的热塑性聚合物的片材经真空成型的。
本发明的其它方面提供一种硬的成型制品，其含有着色抗冲击材料外层，抗冲击热塑性聚合物片材和发泡塑料内层，优选该制品在发泡塑料层中包括纤维增强物，且优选该制品包括在发泡塑料层中固定的固定元件。
为使本发明更易于理解，现参考附图通过实施例(仅作为例子)方式加以说明，其中：
图1是共挤出物的侧视图；和
图2是树脂组合物固化之前贯穿含有半壳体的模具的纵剖面。
共挤出物1含有丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯层1A和着色的改进冲击性的聚甲基丙烯酸酯层1B，该共挤出物在合适的真空模具(未示)中在大约160-170℃热成型或真空成型为所要制品表皮的所需型材P。该共挤出物根据最终用途所需的性能选择，在优选的情况下该共挤出物具有大约1.1克/cc的密度和大约2mm的厚度，大约30-40MPa的拉伸强度和大约50-55MPa的挠曲强度，以及大约2.2Gpa的挠曲模量。一般该共挤出物具有大约97-101℃的维卡软化温度。
硬的发泡衬料B施于图2所示模具中的型材P。该模具包括基座2和盖3，还有侧壁4。侧壁为分别成型的底半模4A和顶半模4B的形式，以固定型材P的自由端。将自固化填料组合物的浆料5，例如填充塑料放入模具箱体的底半部形成预定的形状M。将底半壳体H1放在固化浆料上。底半壳体H1具有成型的上壁，型材P贴着它放置(层1B朝下)，管6在后面，加热介质通过管6流动。半壳由玻璃纤维增强环氧塑料或类似物以紧密容限制成，致使型材精密配合，并且在成型步骤的过程中不移动。放入VETROTEX材料的毡片(未示)，然后将未固化的聚氨酯组合物7倒在其上，即型材P的支承面1A上。将嵌件8放在一端。把顶半壳H2放在嵌件顶上随后倒入更多的浆料5，然后把盖就位放置。将该整体放入液压机(未示)。热水通过管6提供热量以使聚氨酯组合物发泡和固化。这大约需要2分钟。将供水关闭，从压力机取出模具M并将其分解。取出带有高密度硬发泡衬料的型材P并修整尺寸和形状。这样就制成带有光滑的油漆漆面和低成本的高硬度板材。半壳体是可重复使用的。
本发明不受限于所示的实施方案。共挤出物可有一与发泡层啮合的成型面。
Claims (18)
1.一种制造彩色硬制品的方法，该方法包括：
i)施加一层抗冲击着色材料至抗冲击热塑性聚合物片材上形成所述制品表皮的前体。
ii)真空成型该层状片材至适于该制品表皮的预定形状。
iii)在耐压力和温度的模具中的成型外壳内放入成型的表皮前体，使着色层与壳体壁接触。
iv)提供可固化的树脂组合物至片材的暴露面，合模，允许或使该组合物固化，由此该固化的组合物具有与该片材相同的形状，以及
v)从模具取出形成的硬的彩色制品。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中层和片材是作为共挤出物形成的。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，包括加入至少一种固定元件至可固化组合物中，由此将该固定元件固定在形成的制品中。
4.根据前述任一权利要求的方法，包括将纤维加入可固化树脂组合物中的步骤。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中纤维用粘合剂涂覆。
6.根据权利要求4或5的方法，其中纤维是玻璃、金属或类似物。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其中纤维是毡片的形式。
8.根据前述任一权利要求的方法，其中可固化树脂组合物适于形成泡沫塑料。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中可固化树脂适于形成聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
10.根据前述任一权利要求的方法，其中可固化树脂组合物适于在少于5分钟内固化和发泡。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述的树脂组合物适于在大约1至3分钟内固化。
12.根据前述任一权利要求的方法，其中所述壳体是由GRP或类似物形成的。
13.根据前述任一权利要求的方法，其中所述壳体设置在耐压模具内。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中模具由铸铝制成。
15.一种制造彩色硬制品的方法，包括以下步骤：将具有着色表面的成型表皮放在耐压力和温度的模具中的成型壳体内，使着色表面与壳体壁接触，随后是表皮后的固化树脂，其特征在于该表皮是真空成型的抗冲击着色层和抗冲击热塑性聚合物片材的共挤出物。
16.一种硬的成型制品，包括着色抗冲击材料外层，抗冲击热塑性聚合物片材和发泡塑料内层。
17.根据权利要求16的制品，包括在发泡塑料层中的纤维增强物。
18.根据权利要求16或17的制品，包括在发泡塑料层中固定的固定元件。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9700071.5 | 1997-01-03 | ||
| GB9700071A GB2320908B (en) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-01-03 | Rigid coloured article |
| PCT/GB1998/000009 WO1998029233A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 | 1998-01-05 | Rigid coloured article |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1243472A true CN1243472A (zh) | 2000-02-02 |
Family
ID=10805524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98801681A Pending CN1243472A (zh) | 1997-01-03 | 1998-01-05 | 硬的彩色制品 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1011957A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2001507298A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1243472A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU721660B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9806830A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2276663A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ238599A3 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2320908B (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0000864A2 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL130699A0 (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL334441A1 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK91299A3 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR199901970T2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1998029233A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10120912A1 (de) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-10-31 | Basf Ag | Verbundbauteile aus Polyurethan und deren Verwendung in Karosserieaussenteilen |
| DE10161155B4 (de) * | 2001-12-12 | 2007-08-09 | Basf Ag | Einleger enthaltende Polyurethan-Verbundbauteile |
| CN102371683A (zh) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-14 | 李启文 | 聚胺酯复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2708288A (en) * | 1950-05-26 | 1955-05-17 | Frank W Fuller | Method and apparatus for molding plastic |
| US4065337A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1977-12-27 | Coast Catamaran Corporation | Molding process |
| DE2548318A1 (de) * | 1975-10-29 | 1977-05-05 | Theysohn Friedrich Fa | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von folienmaterial |
| DE3127253A1 (de) * | 1980-07-16 | 1982-06-16 | Comind S.p.A. Azienda Stars, Villastellone, Torino | Selbsttragendes element fuer die ausruestung der innenraeume von kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere instrumentendeck, und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| JPS60176740A (ja) * | 1984-02-22 | 1985-09-10 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 真空成形品の模様形成方法 |
| JPS6131214A (ja) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-02-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車輛用装飾モ−ルの製造方法 |
| JPS62181114A (ja) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-08 | Meiwa Sangyo Kk | 複合成形体の製造方法 |
| CA1292603C (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1991-12-03 | Thomas M. Ellison | Injection molded plastic article with integral weatherable pigmented film surface |
| US4698277A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1987-10-06 | General Electric Company | High-temperature laminated insulating member |
| ES2081829T3 (es) * | 1988-12-22 | 1996-03-16 | Basf Corp | Procedimiento para la fabricacion de piezas de automoviles o vehiculos laminadas y recubiertas. |
| US4983247A (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1991-01-08 | General Electric Company | Method for producing resin rich surface layer on composite thermoplastic material |
| EP0549809A1 (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-07-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Method of manufacturing laminated molding |
| JPH05147170A (ja) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-06-15 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 多層プラスチツク成形品およびその製造方法 |
| TW224443B (zh) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-06-01 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | |
| JPH06144123A (ja) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-05-24 | Kasai Kogyo Co Ltd | 自動車用内装部品およびその製造方法 |
| JPH06287323A (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-11 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | 高耐突き刺し性表皮シートおよびこの表皮シートを用いた積層体 |
| TW300227B (zh) * | 1993-12-20 | 1997-03-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | |
| US5514320A (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 1996-05-07 | Akemi, Inc. | Method of making a hollow tool |
-
1997
- 1997-01-03 GB GB9700071A patent/GB2320908B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 AU AU53347/98A patent/AU721660B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-05 JP JP52975798A patent/JP2001507298A/ja active Pending
- 1998-01-05 BR BR9806830-0A patent/BR9806830A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-05 CZ CZ992385A patent/CZ238599A3/cs unknown
- 1998-01-05 EP EP98900097A patent/EP1011957A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-05 PL PL98334441A patent/PL334441A1/xx unknown
- 1998-01-05 CA CA002276663A patent/CA2276663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-05 SK SK912-99A patent/SK91299A3/sk unknown
- 1998-01-05 IL IL13069998A patent/IL130699A0/xx unknown
- 1998-01-05 WO PCT/GB1998/000009 patent/WO1998029233A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-05 TR TR1999/01970T patent/TR199901970T2/xx unknown
- 1998-01-05 HU HU0000864A patent/HUP0000864A2/hu unknown
- 1998-01-05 CN CN98801681A patent/CN1243472A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR199901970T2 (xx) | 2000-08-21 |
| GB2320908B (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| GB2320908A (en) | 1998-07-08 |
| IL130699A0 (en) | 2000-06-01 |
| SK91299A3 (en) | 2000-03-13 |
| CA2276663A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| AU5334798A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| BR9806830A (pt) | 2002-01-02 |
| GB9700071D0 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| JP2001507298A (ja) | 2001-06-05 |
| HUP0000864A2 (hu) | 2000-08-28 |
| WO1998029233A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| CZ238599A3 (cs) | 1999-12-15 |
| PL334441A1 (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| EP1011957A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| AU721660B2 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
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