CN1237882C - Method for preventing plant disease - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preventing and curing plant diseases, which is applied to plant culture. The present invention is characterized in that the present invention provides a material which can be naturally decomposed and has opacity property; after being combined with the antagonistic bacteria or the microorganism, the material covers the cultivation media of the plant which is just sowed or the transplantation plant strains to obtain the functions of grass prevention and disease prevention and cure.

Description

Disease control methods applied to plant cultivation

field of invention

This case is about a disease control method applied to plant cultivation.

Background technique

The general crop production process needs to include steps such as soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, weeding and harvesting, and each step requires a lot of labor, and weeding is the most labor-intensive item. In order to achieve the purpose of weeding, traditionally, farmers mostly use plastic sheeting to cover the soil surface to prevent weeds from overgrown. However, the plastic sheet is useless after the crops are harvested, and farmers often don't know how to dispose of it, and because it cannot be decomposed naturally, it is easy to cause secondary pollution when it is discarded. Another common method of weed control is the use of chemical herbicides. However, commercially available herbicides often cause problems of agricultural product residues and environmental pollution.

Since paper products are easy to decompose naturally in the natural environment, after achieving the purpose of agricultural production, they will naturally return to nature and become organic matter in the soil, so there are no disadvantages such as recycling, waste disposal and environmental pollution. Research and development of paper products to replace these agricultural materials is a forward-looking goal in terms of economic benefits and environmental protection.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned weeding problems, problems such as pests and diseases are often encountered in agricultural cultivation or cultivation. Therefore, how to develop a method that combines various disease control and weeding functions to achieve economic benefits of saving time, labor and reducing costs , making agricultural production closer to sustainable management is the purpose of the development of this case.

Summary of the invention

The following is a brief description of the case.

The main purpose of this case is to provide a disease control method applied to plant cultivation, which is characterized in that a light-blocking and naturally decomposable material is provided, and after being combined with an antagonistic bacteria or microorganism, it is covered on the newly sown plants Or on the cultivation medium of transplanted plants to achieve the functions of both weed control and disease control. For example, the antagonistic Gliocladium strain G-8 can be coated on a light-blocking and naturally decomposable material. To control radish seedling blight or rice sheath blight.

As conceived above, the light-blocking and naturally decomposable material is a material selected from the group consisting of paper mats, non-woven fabrics, fibers and naturally decomposable polymers. Its thickness is preferably 0.2 to 0.3 mm. If a paper mat is used, the two sides can be folded in half to a width of 30 cm, so as to enhance the resistance of the cultivation medium when the paper mat is pressed heavily or fixed with paper nails. The laying of the material can be covered on the cultivation medium manually or mechanically.

As mentioned above, the method of this case can be applied to the cultivation of crops in paddy fields or dry fields, such as cereals, economic crops and vegetables, flowers and fruits.

In order to understand this case more deeply, some embodiments (taking the paper mat as an example) and data are particularly given to illustrate the characteristics and design of this case.

Example

Embodiment 1: weed control test in paddy field with grass-proof covering paper mat

After site preparation, the paddy fields were divided into 16 plots in a square test area with a side length of 11 meters, each with a side length of 1.5 meters, and a 1-meter protection row for each section. Do the following treatments respectively: (1) Laying paper mats: Cut the paper mats to a size of 1.5×1.5 meters, and cut the planting holes with a blade on the paper mats so that the row-to-plant distance of rice is 25 cm. Spread on the above-mentioned test plot soil surface, and transplant rice seedlings in the planting holes, a total of 25 clumps (5 plants per clump); (2) herbicide treatment: in the above-mentioned test plots, transplant rice seedlings, a total of 25 clumps. Clumps (5 strains per cluster), 1.8% mixed granules of the paddy field weeds control herbicide Zanbulong (Miansu Pracao) were applied 5 days after transplanting, 12 grams per test plot. Each of the above treatments was repeated 4 times, and no treatment was used as the control group. During the rice growth period, observe the change of the paper mat and the weed control situation in each area, investigate the fresh weight and dry weight of the rice when harvesting, and investigate the fresh weight of the weeds in the area.

The observed results of the above experiments are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Effects of paper mats on weed control in paddy fields deal with Rice (Taikun 8) ^* Weed fresh weight (g) Weed control rate (%) ¹ fresh weight(g) Dry weight (g) ² paper mat 1970.00 1810.50 3.30 98.98 Herbicide ³ 1968.75 1748.00 0.18 99.94 Control group (no paper mat) 1402.50 1215.50 323.25 0.00

1 Weed control rate (%) is compared with the control group

2 The calculated area is 4 square meters

3 The herbicide used is 1.8% mixed granules of Bensulfuronmethyl+Pretilachlor (free speed Pracao).

^* The data shown are the mean, and the number of sample replicates for all treatments is 4, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

It can be seen from Table 1 that there is no significant difference in the fresh weight of rice (1968.75 and 1970.00 g) between herbicide and paper mat treatment, but there is a significant difference compared with the control group (1402.50 g). The fresh weights of the weeds in the herbicide and grass-proof covered paper mat treatment area were 0.18 grams and 3.30 grams respectively, which was significantly different from the fresh weight of 323.25 grams in the control group. Up to 99.94 and 98.98%.

Therefore, when applied in paddy fields, weed-proof mulching paper can be spread on the soil surface, and seedlings can be transplanted at an appropriate row-to-plant distance to achieve the effect of weed control. Manual or mechanical methods can be used for laying, but the paddy field should reduce the field water as much as possible during laying, so that the paper mat and the soil surface can be more completely bonded, and avoid the formation of gaps that make the paper mat easy to turn up or break, and special attention should be paid to the operation The soil surface should be flat (the traces left by people or machines), so as not to cause hollow under the paper mat or form air bubbles to break the paper mat. Because the paper mat itself has good wet strength and water sinking property, it can resist damage caused by rain and birds. Using grass-proof covering paper mats in paddy fields can block sunlight from shining on the surface of the field and inhibit weeds from germinating to achieve the effect of control. After 36 days of application in the paddy field, the grass-proof mulching paper mat will naturally decompose into small pieces. At this time, because the rice has reached a vigorous growth stage, the rice leaves have covered the soil surface to a certain extent, and most of the sunlight needed for the growth of paddy field weeds Therefore, the weeds in the paddy field hardly germinate at this time, and there is no adverse effect on the subsequent growth of rice, so that the effect of weed control can continue to be maintained after the paper mat is damaged. In the experiment, it was found that the weed control effect of the paper mat was no less than that of the herbicide, so the rice yield was significantly increased. After the rice is harvested, the grass-proof covering paper mat has been completely decomposed into small fibers and mixed in the field soil. There is no agglomeration or suspension of paper pieces, and it will not affect agricultural operations in the next stage of paddy field preparation, and there will be no second pollution. .

Embodiment 2: weed control test of weed control covering paper mat in dry field

After site preparation, it was divided into 12 plots (80×60 cm). Cut the grass-proof mulching paper mat to a size of 80×60 cm, and cut the planting holes with a blade on the paper mat, so that the row-to-plant distance is 20 cm. When laying, the paper mat is flatly spread on the soil surface of the above-mentioned test plot, and the jute seedlings are transplanted in the planting holes, each 12 plants in each district. The above treatment was repeated 4 times, and no treatment was used as the control group. During the growth period of jute, the change of paper mat and the weed control situation in each area were observed, and the fresh weight of jute and weeds in the area was investigated at the time of harvest.

The results obtained from the above tests are shown in Table II.

Table 2. Weed control effect of using grass-proof covering paper mat in jute field deal with Jute (Corchorus capsularis) ^* Weed fresh weight (g) Weed control rate (%) ¹ height (cm) Fresh weight (g) ² paper mat 112.56 1155.00 4.08 99.997 Control group (no paper mat) 94.73 762.50 1582.50 0.00

1 Weed control rate (%) is obtained by comparing with the control group

2 The calculated area is 0.48 square meters

^* The data shown are the mean, and the number of sample replicates for all treatments is 4, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

The plant height (112.56 cm) and fresh weight (1155.00 g) of the paper mat treatment were significantly different from those of the control group (94.73 cm and 762.50 g); in addition, the fresh weight of the weeds in the paper mat treatment area (4.08 g) and The fresh weight of weeds (1582.50 grams) in the control group was also significantly different, and the control effect of the paper mat on weeds could reach 99.97% compared with the control group.

Embodiment 3: weed control test in dry field with weed-proof covering paper mat

The method is similar to that of Example 2. When laying, the paper mat is flatly spread on the soil surface of the test plot, and 1 bitter gourd seedling is planted at a distance of 1.2 meters, 3 in each district. The above treatment was repeated 4 times, and no treatment was used as the control group. During the growth period of bitter gourd, the change of paper mat and the weed control situation in each area were observed, and the yield of bitter gourd and the fresh weight of weeds in the area were investigated at the time of harvest.

The results obtained from the above tests are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Weed control effect of bitter gourd field using weed-proof mulching paper mat deal with Bitter melon (Balsam pear) ^* fresh weight (g) ² Weed fresh weight (g) Weed control rate (%) ¹ Paper mat (150g/m ² ) 36.25 0.57 93.96 Paper mat (120g/m ² ) 34.07 0.43 95.02 covered with straw 34.40 1.29 85.05 Control group (no paper mat) 26.49 8.63 0.00

1 Weed control rate (%) is obtained by comparing with the control group

23 bitter gourds/3.6 square meters area

^* The data shown are the mean, and the number of sample replicates for all treatments is 4, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

Embodiment 4: weed control test of weed control covering paper mat in dry field

The method is similar to that of Example 2. When laying, the paper mat is spread flat on the soil surface of the test plot, and 1 radish seedling is planted at a distance of 70 centimeters, 34 in each district. The above treatment was repeated 4 times, and no treatment was used as the control group. During the growing period of bitter gourd, the changes of the paper mat and the weed control in each area were observed, and the yield of radish and the fresh weight of weeds in the area were investigated at the time of harvest.

The results obtained from the above tests are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Weed control effect of radish field using grass-proof mulching paper mat deal with Radish ^* Weed fresh weight (g) Weed control rate (%) ¹ Unearthed rate (%) survival rate ³ Fresh weight (g) ² paper mat 100 100.0 7813.3 808 99.20 Herbicide ⁴ 12.7 36.3 2520.0 8.0 99.27 Control group (no paper mat) 66.7 84.3 5070.0 1100.0 0.00

1 The weed control rate (%) is obtained by comparing with the control group

2 34 radishes / 2.88 square meters area

3 Survival rate 14 days after planting

4 Lasso (Lasso) 43% EC

^* The data shown are the mean, and the number of sample replicates for all treatments is 4, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

When the grass-proof covering paper mat is applied in the dry field, the paper mat should be laid flat on the prepared field border. The paper mat should cover both sides of the field border, and be fixed with the weight of the covering soil or with paper nails. Generally speaking, the pressure of the fixed paper mat will cause the paper mat to be broken in two weeks. Therefore, in order to prevent the paper mat from being blown by the wind and reduce the effect of weed prevention, the two sides of the grass-proof paper mat for dry fields can be folded in half 30 cm wide to strengthen the resistance of the soil to heavy pressure or to fix the paper mat with paper nails. Attention should be paid to controlling the humidity of the topsoil when laying, so that the adhesion between the paper mat and the topsoil can be increased, the weed control effect can be more complete, and it can also prevent slight pressure damage (such as birds, animals and human agricultural production operations). When using machinery for laying, the function of covering soil can be attached to the machine, and when the paper mat is laid, it will be immediately covered with soil and fixed, saving the labor of operation. The weed-proof mulching paper mat is applied in the dry field, and it will naturally decompose into small pieces after 50 days. At this time, because the crops have reached the vigorous growth period, the plants or leaves have covered the soil surface to a certain extent, and the sunlight required for weed growth is large. Partially blocked, so weeds hardly germinate at this time, and there is no adverse effect on the subsequent growth of crops, so that the effect of weed control can continue to be maintained after the paper mat is damaged. In the experiment, it was found that the weed control effect of the paper mat was good, so the crop yield was significantly increased. After the crops are harvested, the weed-proof mulching paper mat has been completely decomposed into small fibers and mixed in the field, without agglomeration or suspension of paper pieces, and it will not affect agricultural operations during the next land preparation, and there will be no second pollution.

According to another idea of the present invention, the light-blocking and naturally decomposable materials used in this case can also be coated with antagonistic bacteria or microorganisms to control some major diseases of plants, or coated with slow-release chemical fertilizers , to save the labor costs required to use chemical fertilizers. The following is an example of the combination of paper mats and antagonistic microorganisms for illustration.

Firstly, the lethal effect of the antagonistic bacteria Gliocladium Gliocladium strain G-8 on the sclerotia of rice sheath blight was tested first. Fill the petri dish with field soil, add water to saturation, smooth the surface, place the sclerotium of rice sheath blight on the upper surface, and then cover it with a weed-proof covering paper mat coated with antagonistic bacteria, and after two weeks, the bacteria The sclerotium was taken out, washed with sterile water, and placed on the TA plate of the monitoring medium. If the sclerotia remained active, hyphae would grow on the surface of the sclerotia, and the TA with mycelium would turn brown. As a result, all tested sclerotia lost their viability.

Control of rice sheath blight by weed control mulching paper mat combined with antagonistic bacteria Gliocladium G-8

After site preparation, the paddy fields were divided into 16 plots in a square test area with a side length of 1 meter, each area with a side length of 1.5 meters, and a 1-kilometer protection row was reserved for each section. Do the following treatments respectively: (1) shop the grass-proof covering paper mat that adds chlamydospores: get the Gliocladium G-8 chlamydospores (chlamydospores) suspension that has been cultivated for 5 days; after centrifuging at 10000g for 20 minutes, get the thick membrane The spores were added to 2% carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, CMC) aqueous solution, and the spore concentration was adjusted to 10 ⁵ chlamydospores/ml, and evenly applied to the cut paper mat with a paint brush. Mat smear 225 milliliters, place room temperature to air-dry for subsequent use; (2) spread the weed-proof cover paper mat that adds Gliocladium G-8 conidia (Conidia): take the Gliocladium G-8 cultivated on the PDA plate for 5 days, with sterile Wash the conidia with water to make a spore suspension, centrifuge at 10,000g for 20 minutes, take the precipitated conidia and add them to 2% CMC aqueous solution, adjust the spore concentration to 10 ⁵ chlamydospores/ml, and apply evenly on the cut with a paint brush Apply 225ml on each paper mat, and let it air dry at room temperature for later use. (3) Fungicide treatment: 2000 times of the fungicide Pencycuron (Pencycuron) 25% wettable agent was applied on the 50th day after transplanting. Each of the above treatments was repeated 4 times, and no paper mat and fungicide treatment were used as the control group, wherein the protection line, the fungicide treatment group and the control group were treated with the herbicide Zongdelong (Miansu Pracao) 1.8% mixed granules For weed control. During the growth period of rice (Taiken 8), observe the changes in the paper mat and the occurrence of rice sheath blight. When harvesting, investigate the freshness and dry weight of rice, and the number and size of rice sheath blight lesions.

The results of this experiment are shown in Table 5. It can be seen from the table that rice sheath blight lesions are much milder than those of the control group. In measuring the relative height of rice sheath blight lesions, Gliocladium G-8 was applied on grass-covered paper mats There was no significant difference between the chlamydospore (6.4 cm) and conidia (8.9 cm) treatments, but there was a significant difference between the fungicide (12.8 cm) and control (13.2 cm) treatments. There was no significant difference in the fresh weight of rice (927.8, 906.5, 870.3 and 858.8 g) among the four treatments. In terms of dry weight of rice, Gliocladium G-8 chlamydospores (786.0 g) and conidia ( 758.3 g) and fungicide (738.5 g) were treated with no significant difference, but there was a significant difference between smearing chlamydospores and the control group.

Table five deal with Relative lesion height (%) ² Yield (Taiken 8) ¹ (gram) Fresh weight dry weight Gliocladium sp.G-8 Chlamydospores 6.4 ^* 927.8 906.5 conidia 8.9 786.0 758.3 Fungicide ³ 12.8 870.3 738.5 Control group (no paper mat) 13.2 858.8 723.5

125 plants/2.25 square meters area

2 relative lesion height ((%)=[the highest point (centimeter)/plant height (centimeter) of the observed lesion) × 100

3 Pencycuron 25%WP

^* The data shown are the mean, and the number of sample replicates for all treatments is 4, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

Control of Radish Seedling Blight with Weed-proof Covering Paper Mat Combined with Antagonist Gliocladium G-8

The practice of this embodiment is similar to the above embodiment. In the experiment of using the anti-grass mulch paper mat to smear the antagonistic bacteria Gliocladium strain G-8 to control radish seedling blight (Rhizoctonia solani, AG-4) test, in case the grass mulch paper mat was embedded with radish seeds and coated with Gliocladium G-8 thick film The spores are covered on the flat soil surface. As a result, the germination of those coated with antagonistic bacteria is delayed. It may be that the concentration of antagonistic bacteria is too high, but the incidence of blight is completely absent, and the complete control effect can be achieved. The disease rate of those smeared with antagonistic bacteria can reach 50-66%, which shows that smeared with antagonistic bacteria on grass-proof mulching paper mats has a good effect of preventing and controlling blight, as shown in Table 6.

Table six deal with Number of reproductive buds/g soil (R.solani AG-4) radish Germination rate (%) Seedling rot rate (%) third day seventh day fourteenth day Seeds embedded in paper mat coated with antagonistic G-8 5.64±1.172.05±0.890.00 0.0 ^* 0.00.0 66.783.3100.0 0.00.00.0 Seeds embedded in paper mat without smearing antagonist G-8 5.64±1.172.05±0.890.00 66.791.7.0100.0 91.7100.0100.0 66.750.08.3 Seeds sown in soil on paperless mats and G-8 5.64±1.172.05±0.890.00 75.091.7.0100.0 91.7100.0100.0 75.041.741.7

^* The germination rate and survival rate of radish, the sample repetition number of all treatments is 3, according to Duncan`s multiplerange, p is 0.05

The above-mentioned paddy field and dry field tests have proved that the weeding function of the paper mat itself is indeed effective, and the weed control rate is over 98%, which is no different from the use of herbicides, and the crop yield has been significantly improved. After a period of time, the paper mat itself Natural decomposition, no recycling and environmental pollution problems, it is indeed worth promoting in the weed control of agricultural production. Of course, other materials such as non-woven fabrics, fibers and naturally decomposable polymers can also achieve the same effect. In addition, the naturally decomposable material in this case is combined with an antagonistic bacteria or microorganism to achieve the functions of both weed control and disease control, which is more conducive to the improvement of crop yield, and achieves the economic benefits of saving time and labor and reducing costs, enabling agricultural production to Sustainable development.

Accordingly, various modifications to the invention may be made by those skilled in the art, all within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. pest control method that is applied to plant cultivation, but it is characterized in that providing the material of a natural decomposition, and after applying the antagonism bacterium or microorganism of a specified plant germ thereon, it is covered firm sowing plant or transplant on the cultivation medium of plant.

2. method as claimed in claim 2, but wherein the material of natural decomposition is a kind of being selected from by the paper seat, adhesive-bonded fabric, but the material of the cohort that high molecular polymer becomes of fiber and natural decomposition.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, but wherein 30 centimetres of the both sides doublings of this paper seat are wide, use the resistance when strengthening cultivation medium weight paper seat or following closely fixedly with paper.

4. the method for claim 1, but the thickness of material that wherein should natural decomposition is 0.2 to 0.3 millimeter.

5. the method for claim 1, but the laying of material that wherein should natural decomposition is adopted artificial or mechanical system and being covered on this cultivation medium.

6. the method for claim 1, but material that wherein should natural decomposition has more the resistance photosensitiveness, can prevent the growth of weeds.

7. the method for claim 1, it can be applicable to the plant cultivation of paddy field or dry land.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein this plant is cereals, economic crops or vegetables flowers and fruits class.

9. the method for claim 1, it more comprises a step: the spore of this antagonism bacterium or microorganism is suspended in sanlose (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, CMC) in the solution, but and evenly be applied in this natural decomposition material on, air-dry for use.

10. the method for claim 1, wherein antagonism bacterium of this specified plant germ or microorganism are glutinous broom mould (Gliocladium) bacterial strain G-8.

11. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein this specified plant germ be the Turnip Sprouts rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani, AG-4) or Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Rhizoctonia solani, AG1).

12. the method for claim 1, but wherein on the material of this natural decomposition, more can apply a chemical fertilizer that slowly discharges, to reduce the cost of artificially applying fertilizer.

13. a material that can be applicable to the disease control of plant cultivation, but it has the characteristic of natural decomposition, and be covered with antagonism bacterium or the microorganism of a specified plant germ on it.

14. material as claimed in claim 13, it is a kind of being selected from by the paper seat, adhesive-bonded fabric, but the material of the cohort that high molecular polymer becomes of fiber and natural decomposition; The thickness of this material is 0.2 to 0.3 millimeter; This material more can have a resistance light property, can prevent the growth of weeds; This antagonism bacterium or microorganism are glutinous broom mould Gliocladium bacterial strain G-8; This specified plant germ be the Turnip Sprouts rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani, AG-4) or Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Rhizoctonia solani, AG1); More be covered with a chemical fertilizer that slowly discharges on this material.