CN1230121C - 采血装置 - Google Patents

采血装置 Download PDF

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CN1230121C
CN1230121C CNB001036319A CN00103631A CN1230121C CN 1230121 C CN1230121 C CN 1230121C CN B001036319 A CNB001036319 A CN B001036319A CN 00103631 A CN00103631 A CN 00103631A CN 1230121 C CN1230121 C CN 1230121C
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lancet
blood
support
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housing
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R·W·勒沃恩
J·M·普尔勒
C·J·鲁夫
W·C·泰勒
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LifeScan Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/14—Devices for taking samples of blood ; Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration within the blood, pH-value of blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15186—Devices loaded with a single lancet, i.e. a single lancet with or without a casing is loaded into a reusable drive device and then discarded after use; drive devices reloadable for multiple use
    • A61B5/15188—Constructional features of reusable driving devices
    • A61B5/15192—Constructional features of reusable driving devices comprising driving means, e.g. a spring, for retracting the lancet unit into the driving device housing
    • A61B5/15194—Constructional features of reusable driving devices comprising driving means, e.g. a spring, for retracting the lancet unit into the driving device housing fully automatically retracted, i.e. the retraction does not require a deliberate action by the user, e.g. by terminating the contact with the patient's skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15113—Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15117—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15186—Devices loaded with a single lancet, i.e. a single lancet with or without a casing is loaded into a reusable drive device and then discarded after use; drive devices reloadable for multiple use
    • A61B5/15188—Constructional features of reusable driving devices
    • A61B5/1519—Constructional features of reusable driving devices comprising driving means, e.g. a spring, for propelling the piercing unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A61B5/150259—Improved gripping, e.g. with high friction pattern or projections on the housing surface or an ergonometric shape

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Abstract

本发明提供一种用以抽取血液样本的采血装置(10)，该采血装置(10)包含一细长形壳体(16)，该壳体(16)有一在其前端有一穿透孔(14)的盖(12)，且在后端，相对于前端有一闭合件(18)；其特征在于：该壳体(16)包括：(a)一刺血针支架(20)，其可滑动地安装于该壳体(16)内；(b)一第一弹簧(22)，其用以将该刺血针支架(20)向前推，该第一弹簧(22)的第一端抵住该壳体(16)且其第二端抵住该刺血针支架(20)；(c)一滑件(26)，其可滑动地安装于该壳体(16)的一壁内，该滑件(26)包含：(i)一凸出部(26A)，其突出该壁之外；及(ii)一推动装置(26C)，其可逆向地与该刺血针支架(20)接合，用以将该刺血针支架(20)推回至一待刺出位置及将刺血针(40)自该装置向前推；(d)一第二弹簧(24)，其用以将该刺血针支架(20)后推，该第二弹簧(24)的第一端抵住该刺血针支架(20)且其第二端抵住该滑件(26)；(e)一按钮(33)，其可在第一位置和一第二位置间移动，该按钮(33)在该第一位置时，该装置待刺出且该刺血针支架(20)受限制，该按钮(33)在该第二位置时，该刺血针支架(20)所受阻制已去除，可让该第一弹簧(22)将该刺血针支架(20)向前推；及(f)一可释放连接器(28)，其安装在所述壳体内，所述可释放连接器(28)包括一个臂，该臂上的一表面与刺血针支架相应的一表面啮合，用以当滑件(26)向前移动而自装置中射出刺血针时使支架(20)不动。

Description

采血装置
                   技术领域
本发明关于一种穿刺皮肤以取得血液样本的采血装置；特别是一种具有较短行程以于采血之后射出刺血针的采血装置。
                   背景技术
采血装置对数以百万针的糖尿病患者而言是生命中的不幸事实，因为他们必须每天作血糖浓度测试五次或更多次。他们通常使用采血装置自手指抽取一滴血，将血液加到一张抛弃式试纸上，然后以一计量器测量血糖浓度。此等采血装置的明显目标为对使用者以最小疼痛、最少不便性和最低花费取得足量血液样本。
1985年3月12日授与Cornell等人的美国专利第4,503,856号揭示一种采血装置，该装置具有一管状壳体、一可滑动刺血针支架及一可压缩弹簧，其中该刺血针支架位在该壳体内，该弹簧提供使该支架直线移动至一穿刺皮肤位置的力量且在此之后回到一中性位置。
1985年7月9日授与Burns的美国专利第4,527,561号揭示一种刺血针总成，该总成包括一第二弹簧以在刺血针刺穿使用者皮肤之后缩回刺血针支架(亦参见美国专利第4,535,769号和4,553,541号)。
1990年1月23日授与Bodicky等人的美国专利4,895,147号揭示一种采血装置，该装置包括一穿刺深度选择器以及一个用以在刺穿皮肤后产生真空的机构以协助自穿刺处抽取血液。
1990年12月11日授与Nieto等人的美国专利第4,976,724号揭示一种采血装置，该装置包括一个许可使用者弹出使用过的刺血针而不接触该刺血针的机构。
1994年6月7日授与Lange等人的美国专利第5,318,584号揭示采血装置，该装置包括一转动/滑动传动系统，该系统以较少疼痛的方式作穿刺。
                    发明内容
本发明提出一种用以抽取血液样本的采血装置10，该采血装置10包含一细长形壳体16，该壳体16有一在其前端有一穿透孔14的盖12，且在后端，相对于前端有一闭合件18；
其特征在于：
该壳体16包括：
(a)一刺血针支架20，其可滑动地安装于该壳体16内；
(b)一第一弹簧22，其用以将该刺血针支架20向前推，该第一弹簧22的第一端抵住该壳体16且其第二端抵住该刺血针支架20；
(c)一滑件26，其可滑动地安装于该壳体16的一壁内，该滑件26包含：
(i)一凸出部26A，其突出该壁之外；及
(ii)一推动装置26C，其可逆向地与该刺血针支架20接合，用以将该刺血针支架20推回至一待刺出位置及将刺血针40自该装置向前推；
(d)一第二弹簧24，其用以将该刺血针支架20后推，该第二弹簧24的第一端抵住该刺血针支架20且其第二端抵住该滑件26；
(e)一按钮33，其可在第一位置和一第二位置间移动，该按钮33在该第一位置时，该装置待刺出且该刺血针支架20受限制，该按钮33在该第二位置时，该刺血针支架20所受阻制已去除，可让该第一弹簧22将该刺血针支架20向前推；及
(f)一可释放连接器28，其安装在所述壳体内，所述可释放连接器28包括一个臂，该臂上的一表面与刺血针支架相应的一表面啮合，用以当滑件26向前移动而自装置中射出刺血针时使支架20不动。
本装置的可释放连接器有若干优点。首先，其允许刺出准备及射出非直接连接的机构，允许一缩短的行程。较短的行程便于一手操作装置。此外，较短的行程允许较短的狭缝(slot)以供滑件行进用。使用较短的狭缝，可提供狭缝一遮盖以防止碎物(debris)渗入，而遮盖于刺血针射出期间不会干涉启动器。
可释放连接器的另一优点为：于刺血针射出期间，其产生滑件与壳体之间的干涉，此提供摩擦回馈以让使用者知道装置是在射出模式。此干涉也消除提供张力给滑件的回动弹簧的需求。如果没有干涉，滑件会(不受欢迎地)自由四处移动。
可释放连接器的又另一优点为：当盖被移除时，防止滑件不经意向前移动。代替地，滑件因第二(缩回)弹簧被迫向前抵靠在连接器上的一止动件。连接器藉此允许盖被移除且再次固紧而不受滑件的干涉。
                     附图说明
图1为一本发明装置的透视图，该装置有一半壳体经去除。
图2为图1装置处于休止位置的横剖面图。
图3为图1装置要进入待刺出状态的横剖面图。
图4为图1装置处于过量待刺出位置的横剖面图。
图5为图1装置处于待刺出状态的横剖面图。
图6为图1装置刺出时的横剖面图。
图7示出刺血针自本发明装置射出的横剖面图。
图7A-7F为图7的一部分的放大图，示出可释放连接器的各种选择实施例。
图8为本发明装置在刺血针射出之后的横剖面图。
                     具体实施方式
本发明提出一种采血装置，该装置并入一可释放连接器而为更简单的构造且更易操作。
图1绘出本发明的采血装置10，图中壳体之一侧经去除以观看其内部。该装置的前端有盖12，该盖具备穿透孔14。盖12可拆卸地与壳体16连结(例如以螺纹旋接)，该壳体方便地分成两部分。图中显示一半体16A，而另一半体已经去除。壳体16在与盖12相向的该装置后端与圆头18连结。圆头18具有悬臂指状件18A，该等指状件提供机械式止动作用，指状件的位置能藉由将该圆头附着于该壳体的螺纹如螺旋形螺纹改变。该机械止动作用最好由悬臂指状件内部的切口(undercuts)所提供。
一刺血针支架20在该装置运作过程中支承并导引一抛弃式刺血针。一驱动弹簧22储存驱使该刺血针前行所需的能量。驱动弹簧22包容于支架20内且抵住该壳体的支柱23。一第二“缩回”弹簧24亦包容于支架20内，其提供用以使该刺血针刺穿皮肤后移离皮肤的机构。缩回弹簧24的弹簧常数实质上小于驱动弹簧22的弹簧常数；因此，驱动弹簧22实质上“较强”。滑件26可滑动地安装于壳体16上且有一凸出部26A在该壳体外侧，该凸出部可以手动方式移动-向后移使该装置成待刺出状态及向前移以弹出该刺血针。当该装置处于待刺出状态时，滑件26与支架20接合。按钮30穿过该壳体安装，以垂片30A伸入该壳体内侧。在该装置成待刺出状态后，按下按钮30则释放对刺血针支架20的阻制以让弹簧22将该支架向前推。元件30以“按钮”称的并非意味着该致动元件仅有图中所示形式。在本说明书及后附权利要求中所用“按钮”一辞应作广义解释，其可为能释放对该刺血针支架的阻制的任意致动器，涵盖任意习知类型。
该采血装置的运作方式能由依序显示该装置运作期间各元件形态的一系列图式协助了解。
图2显示该装置处于休止状态的横剖面图，其中滑件26的内部零件26B抵着可释放连接器28的顶部28A。驱动弹簧22和缩回弹簧24处于平衡状态而互抵。此二弹簧均受压缩，驱动弹簧22的压缩量小于缩回弹簧24，因为其弹簧常数大得多。刺血针40和针头42在盖12内部。
图3显示该装置处于要进入待刺出状态之一中间位置的横剖面图，此时滑件26向后移动(向图3右方移动)。滑件26的推动元件26C的向后运动所施加的力量使缩回弹簧24比图2所示更为压缩。驱动弹簧22因其大得多的弹簧常数，所以仍维持相对较未受压缩。
图4显示该采血装置处于“过量待刺出”位置，亦即滑件26已移动至其行程的最后端位置。刺血针支架20的悬臂延伸部44已略为移到壳体止动件46后方(右侧)。驱动弹簧22受压缩且缩回弹簧24维持与图3所示大约相同压缩量。
图5显示该采血装置处于待刺出且体止的状态。驱动弹簧22迫使刺血针支架20的延伸部44抵住壳体止动件46。滑件26已回到其原始(图2)位置。缩回弹簧24的压缩量较图3和4所示为小。若在此时压下按钮30，垂片30A会压下延伸部44使其(自下方)脱离止动件46，且促使刺血针支架20因压缩的驱动弹簧22所施力量而向前(向左)推进。
此系列作用造成图6所示的瞬时状态，其中刺血针40已到达其极左位置，针头42伸出盖开口14。刺血针支架20已因圆头18内部元件的悬臂指状件18A的突起部停止其向前(向左)运动。如先前所述，该等悬臂指状件略为挠曲，藉此吸收一些振动并减少噪音以对使用者引起较少疼痛。滑件26仍处于其原始位置。驱动弹簧22已连同支架20向前推进不受压缩。缩回弹簧24受压缩，如此其会对支架20施加向后(向右)力量，结果为刺血针40和针头42后缩，各元件回致图2所示形态。
在穿刺操作之后，已使用过的刺血针必须自装置移除。图7示出当可释放连接器28为一悬臂闩件时，刺血针射出的局部切开剖面图。盖12必须首先被移除。当滑件26向前移动时，其将闩件顶部28A向下压，迫使闩件上的齿部50与支架20上对应的齿部52啮合，防止支架向前移动，而滑件26的推动元件26C将用过的刺血针40推出装置。藉由在过程中将支架锁在适当位置，合意的较短滑件行程用以实现此射出。此外，在射出步骤期间，于滑件与顶部28A之间的摩擦提供合意的有触觉的回馈给使用者。
图7A着重于悬臂闩件及其啮合支架20上的对应齿部52的齿部50的结构。如图所示，两组齿部是非对称的，其为较佳的理由如下。虽然装置最好经由向后移动滑件26来作刺出准备，如上述图3，4及5所讨论的，但其也可藉由在用过的刺血针已被射出之后，将一新刺血针40推入装置而作刺出准备。在此情形下，悬臂闩件及支架的齿部仍然啮合，如图7A所示。但是不对称的齿部仍允许支架向后移动(向右)以顺序到达图3，4及5所示的位置。
图8示出装置的元件，显示当滑件26已被向前推到其行程尾端，致使滑件26的推动元件26C自装置驱动刺血针(未示出)。
虽然图7及图7A示出较佳的可释放连接器28，其中悬臂闩件有一悬臂用以可释放接触支架20且闩件上的齿部50衔接支架上的齿部52，其他可释放连接器的实施例也可于本发明中预期的。于一系列图中示出可选择的可释放连接器的元件的焦点视图，对应于图7A的悬臂闩件的元件。
图7B示出一连接器，其中臂128有一枢轴128A而非悬臂式。
图7C示出一连接器，其中臂228是弹簧加载，由片簧228A及228B所支持。很明显地，其他型式的弹簧，如螺旋形弹簧也可使用。图7C说明了一个事实，即“臂”不必然解释为一伸长元件；相反地，其简单地指出此元件承载衔接机构。
图7D示出一连接器，其中臂328可旋转地安装在轴328A上，由一扭转弹簧328B弹簧加载。
图7E示出一实施例，其中支架20有一可逆向变形表面，其被连接器428变形以使支架不动。
图7F示出一实施例，其中悬臂式连接器528有一粗糙表面550，其衔接支架上的粗糙表面552以使支架不动。
习于此技艺者会了解到以上说明及图式仅为实行本发明的范例而不具限制意图。可在不脱离本发明精神及范围下对本文所述细节作出修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种用以抽取血液样本的采血装置(10)，该采血装置(10)包含一细长形壳体(16)，该壳体(16)有一在其前端有一穿透孔(14)的盖(12)，且在后端，相对于前端有一闭合件(18)；
其特征在于：
该壳体(16)包括：
(a)一刺血针支架(20)，其可滑动地安装于该壳体(16)内；
(b)一第一弹簧(22)，其用以将该刺血针支架(20)向前推，该第一弹簧(22)的第一端抵住该壳体(16)且其第二端抵住该刺血针支架(20)；
(c)一滑件(26)，其可滑动地安装于该壳体(16)的一壁内，该滑件(26)包含：
(i)一凸出部(26A)，其突出该壁之外；及
(ii)一推动装置(26C)，其可逆向地与该刺血针支架(20)接合，用以将该刺血针支架(20)推回至一待刺出位置及将刺血针(40)自该装置向前推；
(d)一第二弹簧(24)，其用以将该刺血针支架(20)后推，该第二弹簧(24)的第一端抵住该刺血针支架(20)且其第二端抵住该滑件(26)；
(e)一按钮(33)，其可在第一位置和一第二位置间移动，该按钮(33)在该第一位置时，该装置待刺出且该刺血针支架(20)受限制，该按钮(33)在该第二位置时，该刺血针支架(20)所受阻制已去除，可让该第一弹簧(22)将该刺血针支架(20)向前推；及
(f)一可释放连接器(28)，其安装在所述壳体内，所述可释放连接器(28)包括一个臂，该臂上的一表面与刺血针支架相应的一表面啮合，用以当滑件(26)向前移动而自装置中射出刺血针时使支架(20)不动。
2.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中，所述刺血针(40)安装于刺血针支架(20)中，该刺血针(40)包括一针头(42)，具有一针尖用以穿过盖(12)的孔以实施一穿刺作业。
3.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂为一悬臂。
4.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂为一枢轴臂(128)。
5.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂为一弹簧加载臂(228)。
6.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂的表面为靠近一前端的粗糙表面，所述刺血针支架的表面为一粗糙表面，用以摩擦地衔接所述臂的一粗糙表面。
7.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂的表面上有至少一个靠近一前端的齿部，所述刺血针支架的表面上具有至少一凹部，用以衔接所述齿部。
8.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述臂的表面上有多数非对称齿部，所述刺血针支架的表面上具有多数非对称齿部，用以衔接所述臂上的齿部。
9.如权利要求1的采血装置(10)，其中所述刺血针支架的表面是一逆向可变形表面，该逆向可变形表面被可释放连接器(28)变形以逆向地使刺血针支架(20)不动。
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US6197040B1 (en) 2001-03-06
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EP1031319B1 (en) 2004-11-10
JP4472094B2 (ja) 2010-06-02

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