CN1227459C - 多级压缩机 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
多级压缩机具有:密闭容器;由电动马达构成的驱动件;多级压缩件,设置在密闭容器下部并响应形成于马达旋转轴上的上下两个偏心凸轮的转动来工作;前一级制冷剂吸入管,从密闭容器外部导入且与前一级压缩件的吸入口相连;前一级侧连接管,与前一级压缩件的排放口相连,伸至容器外并再从容器下部与容器内部相连;后一级压缩制冷剂排放管,与后一级压缩件的排放口相连并伸至密闭容器外。还设有后一级侧连接管,从密闭容器上部伸至容器外部且从容器下部与后一级压缩件的吸入口相连,由前一级压缩件以中间压力压缩吸入的低压制冷剂,由排放口通过前一级侧连接管排放至密闭容器内,通过后一级侧连接管吸入中间压力制冷剂,通过后一级压缩排放管排出被压缩到高压的制冷剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将两个以上的压缩件和驱动这些压缩件的驱动件容纳在密闭容器内形成的多级压缩机,特别涉及其冷却结构。
背景技术以往,已将旋转式压缩机等压缩机用于空调机或冷冻机等各种技术领域,作为制冷剂,迄今使用了R-22等含氯制冷剂(以下特称为氟利昂气体)。
但是,所述特定的氟利昂气体由于会破坏臭氧层的原因而受到了限制,因此人们正积极地进行代替特定氟利昂气体的制冷剂的研究开发,并期望二氧化碳制冷剂能够作为其备选制冷剂。
已知旋转式压缩机使用了所述二氧化碳制冷剂(以下,除需要特别使二氧化碳制冷剂区别于其它制冷剂的情况下以外,将二氧化碳制冷剂简称为制冷剂)的设有多级压缩件的多级压缩机。
在这些多级压缩机中,将分别吸入、压缩及排放制冷剂的多级压缩件,和驱动这些压缩件的驱动件容纳在密闭容器内。即,多级压缩件的结构为:多个偏心凸轮一体形成在旋转轴上,滚筒与各个偏心凸轮接合,在点接触气缸内壁的同时转动,由此形成由与滚筒接触的叶片分隔的吸气室和压缩室,以连续进行制冷剂的吸入、压缩和排放。另外,用于驱动这些压缩件的旋转轴的驱动件由电动马达构成,并使这些部件均容纳在密闭容器内,以构成多级压缩机。
但是,在上述多级压缩机的现有结构中,由于在驱动件周围环境的气体不流动,因此从驱动件产生的热会滞留在密闭容器内,从而通过温度上升限制驱动件的运动,因此不能获得所希望的压缩制冷剂,所带来的问题是会影响有关使用这种压缩机的装置的设计。
即,虽然必须通过密闭容器将从驱动件产生的热排放至外界大气中,但是因近年来对装置小型化的要求会导致压缩机周围空间狭窄,因此,难以设置可将从压缩机产生的热散出的风扇等装置。因此,尽管从密闭容器向装置内部放热,以及不会对装置外部产生其它影响的放热均是重要的问题,但至今尚未提出令人满意的解决方案。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供多级压缩机,其能够有效地抑制驱动件温度上升,并且能够解决压缩机的热产生问题。
发明内容
根据本发明,在通过使驱动件以及由所述驱动件驱动压缩制冷剂的两个以上的压缩件容纳在密闭容器内构成的多级压缩机中,从压缩件排出的制冷剂一边冷却所述驱动件,一边被吸入下一级压缩件而被压缩,因此能够有效地抑制驱动件的温度上升。
因此,通过简单的结构就能够有效地抑制驱动件的温度上升。
本发明提供一种多级压缩机,其设有:密闭容器;由固定在所述密闭容器内上部的电动马达构成的驱动件;多级压缩件,这些压缩件设置在所述密闭容器下部,响应形成于所述马达旋转轴上的上下两个偏心凸轮的转动,进行制冷剂的吸入、压缩以及排出;前一级制冷剂吸入管,其从所述密闭容器外部导入且与所述前一级压缩件的吸入口相连;前一级侧连接管,其与所述前一级压缩件的排放口相连,一旦伸至容器外部便再从容器下部与容器内部相连;后一级压缩制冷剂排放管,其与所述后一级压缩件的排放口相连并伸至所述密闭容器的外部;其特征在于,还设有后一级侧连接管,其从所述密闭容器上部伸至容器外部且从容器下部与所述后一级压缩件的吸入口相连,其中由所述前一级压缩件、以中间压力压缩由所述前一级吸入管吸入的低压制冷剂,由排放口、通过所述前一级侧连接管使其排放至所述密闭容器内,通过所述后一级侧连接管、由所述后一级压缩件的吸入口吸入冷却所述驱动件的中间压力制冷剂,通过所述后一级压缩排放管、使由所述后一级压缩将吸入的中间压力制冷剂压缩到高压的制冷剂排放至容器外部。
具体来说,在密闭容器内部的上部固定电动马达以形成驱动件,在下部,在设有两级压缩件的多级压缩机中设有连接管,其中,所述两级压缩件由通过形成在所述马达旋转轴上的上下两个偏心凸轮驱动的前一级压缩件和后一级压缩件构成,所述连接管一旦从所述密闭容器上部伸至容器外部便从容器下部连接所述后一级压缩件的吸入口,以中间压力压缩由机器外部吸入所述前一级压缩机的低压制冷剂并由排放口排入所述密闭容器内,通过所述连接管由所述后一级压缩件的吸入口吸入冷却所述驱动件的中间压力制冷剂,通过所述后一级压缩排放管使由所述后一级压缩将吸入的中间压力制冷剂压缩至高压的制冷剂排至外部。
在这种情况下,代替将由所述前一级压缩件压缩的中间压力制冷剂直接排至容器内部,可以设置与所述前一级压缩件的排放口相连、一旦伸至容器外部便再从容器下部连接至容器内部的前一级侧连接管,通过所述前一级压缩件以中间压力进行压缩并由排放口、通过所述前一级侧连接管将其排入所述密闭容器内。
另外,在所述前一级侧连接管或后一级侧连接管的中点可设置用于冷却制冷剂的冷却器,以此增加制冷剂的放热量,增加后一级压缩件的吸气量,从而提高压缩效率。
附图说明
图1为显示本发明优选实施例的两级旋转式压缩机的纵向剖面图。
图2为在图1中所示的两级旋转式压缩机的局部横向剖面图。
图3为显示本发明另一优选实施例的两级旋转式压缩机的纵向剖面图。
图4为两级旋转式压缩机的剖面图,其显示了在图1结构中设有冷却器的另一优选实施例。
图5为两级旋转式压缩机的剖面图,其显示了在图1结构中设有冷却器的另一优选实施例。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,对适用于本发明的两级旋转式压缩机的例子进行说明。然而,本发明不应局限于两级旋转式压缩机,不言而喻,其也适用于具有两级以上压缩级的旋转式压缩机。
如图1所示,旋转式压缩机设有作为驱动件的马达20,设置在该马达20下方的作为压缩件的前一级压缩件30以及后一级压缩件40等,这些部件均容纳在密闭容器10内,以形成以两级式压缩二氧化碳制冷剂的结构。
在密闭容器10的底部储存有润滑油15,以对各压缩件30,40中的滑动部等进行润滑。马达20由通过热套配合等固定在密闭容器10内的定子22和可相对于该定子22转动的转子23构成,其中,所述转子23固定在旋转轴21上。
使吸入管11与前一级压缩件30相连,将来自机器外部的制冷剂吸入所述前一级压缩件30内并在该压缩件内被压缩,如后所述,从消音室35排放入密闭容器10内。进而,所述被排放的制冷剂流过马达20,从设置在密闭容器10上部的连接管吸气口14通过后一级侧连接管16流入吸入管13内,并从该吸入管13被吸入后一级压缩件40内。之后,所述制冷剂由后一级压缩件40压缩,从排放管12排至机器外。
在所述前一级压缩件30和后一级压缩件40中的吸气以及压缩机构具有相同的结构,即均具有气缸31,41以及设置在该气缸31,41内的滚筒33,43等。
在第2图中,显示了前一级压缩件30的横剖面图。如分别参照图1和图2所看到的那样,前一级压缩件30和后一级压缩件40由可转动地与形成于旋转轴21上的凸轮32、42接合的滚筒33、43,气缸31、41的内壁31A、41A,上下支承板36、46以及中间隔板51构成。
即,在马达20的旋转轴21的延伸轴上,上下偏心凸轮32、42一体形成在旋转轴21上。上下滚筒33、43分别可自由转动地接合所述各个偏心凸轮32、42,伴随旋转轴21的旋转,各滚筒33、43的外表面以点接触气缸31、41的内壁31A、41A并转动的方式配置构成。并且,设置中间隔板51以分隔所述上下气缸31、41。图2的虚线51A显示了由中间隔板51形成的孔,由于设置在气缸31、41之间时必须通过偏心凸轮42,因此,应使该孔与旋转轴21同轴设置。在夹持所述中间隔板51的上下方,通过各滚筒33、43的外表面,各气缸31、41的内壁31A、41A以及设置成能够闭塞各气缸内壁孔的上下表面的上下部支承板36、46形成气缸空间。并且,设置上下叶片37,以分隔上下形成的气缸空间,叶片37可往复滑动地容纳在形成于上下气缸31、41中各个气缸壁上的径向导引槽38、48内且通过弹簧39、49偏压以始终接触上下滚筒33、43。为了进行制冷剂气体对通过各叶片37分隔的空间的吸入和排出,在夹持各个叶片的气缸的两侧设置上下吸入口31a,41a以及排放口31b,41b,从而形成上下吸入空间30A、40A以及上下压缩排放空间30B、40B。
在上部支承板36和下部支承板46上分别形成排放消音室35、45,通过设置在排放口31b和41b的图中省略的排放阀,适当地连通各排放空间30B、40B。另外,使所述排放阀在排放空间30B、40B内的压力达到规定压力时打开。
在以上结构中,在旋转轴21通过马达20的驱动转动时,通过各偏心滚筒的偏心转动,通过前一级压缩件30的吸入口31a,将来自机器外部的低压制冷剂从吸入管11吸入吸入空间30A内。所述低压制冷剂通过滚筒33的转动输送入压缩排放空间30B并在该压缩排放空间30B中被压缩,在达到规定的中间压力时,设置在排放口31b的阀打开,从而进行从消音室35向密闭容器10内部的排放。
排放入密闭容器10内部的制冷剂一边冷却马达20一边上升,从设置在密闭容器10上部的连接管吸气口14流入后一级侧连接管16,并通过后一级压缩件40的吸入口41a从下部吸入管11被吸入吸入空间40A内。被吸入的中间压力制冷剂通过滚筒33的转动输送入压缩排放空间40B并被压缩,在达到规定的高压时,设置在下排放口41b的阀打开,并从消音室45通过排放管12排放至机器外部。
这样,由于从前一级压缩件30排出的制冷剂在通过马达20时,会一边冷却定子22和转子23,一边被吸入后一级压缩件40,因此,即使在未形成能够在装入装置中的压缩容器周围放热的通风通道的情况下,也能够抑制马达20温度的上升,以获得由预期驱动产生的所希望的压缩制冷剂。
虽然考虑了从最后级压缩件排出的制冷剂排入密闭容器内来冷却马达,但是一般情况下,与R-22制冷剂相比,由于二氧化碳制冷剂是以高压排放至机器外部的,因此,若使从最后级压缩件排出的制冷剂排入密闭容器内,则必须提高密闭容器的耐压特性,因此对于经济性来说是不利的。
另外,虽然在上述说明中,对使由前一级压缩件30压缩的制冷剂从消音室35排入密闭容器10内而对马达20进行冷却的情况进行了说明,但是本发明不应局限于此。
例如,如图3所示,也可以设置用于连接前一级压缩件30的排放口和马达20下侧的密闭容器10的前一级侧连接管17,将通过前一级压缩件30压缩的制冷剂导引至压缩机外,之后,使其流入密闭容器10内部,使马达20冷却后,将其回收至后一级侧连接管16。
在采用这种结构的情况下,在制冷剂流经前一级侧连接管17时,制冷剂将热量排放至容器外部而被冷却,因此能够提高马达20的冷却效果。另外,在这种情况下,通过以导热率良好的材料形成前一级侧连接管17,能够进一步提高冷却效果。
另外,如图4或5所示,在后一级侧连接管16或前一级侧连接管17上也可设置冷却器18或19。
在后一级侧连接管16上设置冷却器18的情况下,能够增加后一级压缩件40中的吸气量,从而提高压缩效率。另外,在前一级侧连接管17上设置冷却器18的情况下,能够进一步提高马达20的冷却效果,同时,能够增加后一级压缩件40中的吸气量,从而能够提高压缩效率。在这种情况下,通过在后一级侧连接管16和前一级侧连接管17中使用导热性高的铜或铝等,能够增加制冷剂的放热量,从而进一步提高冷却效果。
工业实用性
采用上面所述的本发明,由于从压缩件排出的制冷剂一边冷却驱动件一边被吸入下一压缩件,因此能够以简单的结构更有效地冷却驱动件,解决压缩机的排热问题,从而获得用于各种冷冻机、空调等的多级压缩机。
Claims (3)
1.多级压缩机,其设有:密闭容器;由固定在所述密闭容器内上部的电动马达构成的驱动件;多级压缩件,这些压缩件设置在所述密闭容器下部,响应形成于所述马达旋转轴上的上下两个偏心凸轮的转动,进行制冷剂的吸入、压缩以及排出;前一级制冷剂吸入管,其从所述密闭容器外部导入且与所述前一级压缩件的吸入口相连;前一级侧连接管,其与所述前一级压缩件的排放口相连,伸出容器外部并再从容器下部与容器内部相连;后一级压缩制冷剂排放管,其与所述后一级压缩件的排放口相连并伸至所述密闭容器的外部,其特征在于,还设有后一级侧连接管,其从所述密闭容器上部伸至容器外部且从容器下部与所述后一级压缩件的吸入口相连,其中由所述前一级压缩件以中间压力压缩由所述前一级吸入管吸入的低压制冷剂,由排放口通过所述前一级侧连接管将其排放至所述密闭容器内,通过所述后一级侧连接管、由所述后一级压缩件的吸入口吸入冷却所述驱动件的中间压力制冷剂,通过所述后一级压缩排放管、使由所述后一级压缩将吸入的中间压力制冷剂压缩到高压的制冷剂排放至容器外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多级压缩机,其特征在于:所述前一级压缩件以及后一级压缩件设有:形成在所述马达旋转轴上的上下两个偏心凸轮;可自由转动地接合这些偏心凸轮的两个滚筒;两个气缸,所述各个气缸的内表面伴随所述旋转轴的转动,点接触所述各滚筒的外表面并转动;分隔这些气缸的中间分隔板;封闭所述两个气缸上下面的两个支承板;两个叶片,这些叶片用于将由所述各个滚筒外表面、所述各个滚筒内表面、设置在所述气缸上下面的支承板以及由中间分隔板形成的各个封闭空间分隔为各个吸入空间和排放空间;使制冷剂吸入所述各个吸入空间的两个吸入口;由所述各排放空间排放被压缩的制冷剂的两个排放口,伴随所述旋转轴的转动,在所述各排出空间内压缩由所述吸入口吸入的所述各个吸入空间内的制冷剂,并由排放口排放所述制冷剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多级压缩机,其特征在于:在所述前一级侧连接管或后一级侧连接管的中点设有冷却制冷剂的冷却器。
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CN102251964A (zh) * | 2010-05-17 | 2011-11-23 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | 旋转压缩机及其控制方法 |
WO2011143882A1 (zh) * | 2010-05-17 | 2011-11-24 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | 旋转压缩机 |
CN102251964B (zh) * | 2010-05-17 | 2013-03-13 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | 旋转压缩机 |
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DE60130984T2 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
WO2001073293A1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
US6769267B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
EP1284366B1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
CN1420964A (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
US20030126885A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
DE60130984D1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
JP2001280253A (ja) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1284366A4 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
JP3370046B2 (ja) | 2003-01-27 |
EP1284366A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
KR20020084265A (ko) | 2002-11-04 |
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