CN1227051C - 烟雾和微粒联合过滤的过滤材料和其制造方法及防毒面具 - Google Patents

烟雾和微粒联合过滤的过滤材料和其制造方法及防毒面具 Download PDF

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CN1227051C
CN1227051C CN01805995.3A CN01805995A CN1227051C CN 1227051 C CN1227051 C CN 1227051C CN 01805995 A CN01805995 A CN 01805995A CN 1227051 C CN1227051 C CN 1227051C
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M·J·钦
L·A·皮尔斯
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Abstract

参见图1和2，一个个人防毒面具(1)具有一个面罩(2)，并且具有一个过滤单元(3)，该单元包括一个滤毒罐(4)，其中装有新过滤材料(6)的相邻接的层(5)。过滤材料(6)适用于微粒和烟雾两者的过滤，并且包括一种第一和第二组切碎纤维(10，11)的复合材料，第一组纤维(10)具有相对大直径(大约7×10-6m)，并且第二组纤维(11)具有相对小的直径(大约0.5×10-6m)。

Description

烟雾和微粒联合过滤的过滤材料和其制造方法及防毒面具
技术领域
本申请涉及过滤材料并且涉及该材料的生产和应用。
背景技术
使用不同直径大小的纤维由若干不同类型的纤维制成的过滤材料在本领域是公知的。Derwent Publications Ltd.London的WPI数据库Ch部198733期所涉及的AN 1987-231919，公开了一种过滤材料包括20～60％的一种直径小于15×10-6m的活性碳纤维；10～20％的一种直径在0.2×10-6～0.5×10-6m的超薄玻璃纤维；以及20～70％的纤维素纤维。Derwent Publications Ltd.London的WPI数据库Ch部198506期所涉及的AN 1985-034894，公开了一种过滤材料包括20％的一种直径在0.1×10-6～3×10-6m的例如K钛酸盐纤维；20％的一种直径在5×10-6～15×10-6m的eg聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；以及20％的一种直径在20×10-6～50×10-6m的例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。US4765812A公开了一种过滤材料，包括10～20％的一种粘合剂材料和80～90％的一种纤维混合物，其中的纤维混合物包括75～95％的一种直径大于或等于2.0×10-6m的纤维和5～25％的一种直径小于3×10-6m的纤维。
发明内容
本发明的材料适用于微粒和烟雾两者的过滤。
在这里所使用的术语“烟雾”包括空气和有毒气体。
根据本发明的一个方面，适用于微粒和烟雾过滤的过滤材料，包括一种以粘合剂混合第一和第二组纤维的复合材料，第一组纤维的直径比第二组纤维的直径相对大，其中其中第一组纤维的直径为6.0×10-6～14.0×10-6m，其中第二组纤维的直径为0.1×10-6～1.0×10-6m，并且其中的第一组纤维和第二组纤维包括碳纤维。
通常，第一组纤维的直径大约为7.0×10-6m，并且第二组纤维的直径大约为0.5×10-6m。
通常，复合材料包含大约70％(质量)的第一组纤维。
第一组纤维可以包括碳纤维，第二组纤维可以包括玻璃和/或碳纤维。
按照本发明的第二方面，制造适用于微粒和烟雾过滤的过滤复合材料的方法，包括使用粘合剂混合第一和第二组纤维，第一组纤维的直径比第二组纤维的直径相对大，其中第一组纤维的直径为6.0×10-6～14.0×10-6m，第二组纤维的直径为0.1×10-6～1.0×10-6m，并且其中的第一组纤维和第二组纤维包括碳纤维。
本发明还包括通过前述的方法制造的过滤材料。
本发明还包括一种防毒面具，它装有与新过滤材料结合的过滤单元。
附图说明
本发明的各个方面现仅通过实施例，参考以下附图加以描述：
图1是一种带有过滤单元的防毒面具的侧视图；
图2是过滤单元所使用的过滤材料的横截面图；
图3是说明用于制造过滤材料的生产步骤的流程图和
图4、5和6说明过滤材料的不同形状。
具体实施方式
图1示出由GB2,080,120(英国国防部)所公开的个人防毒面具1，它具有一个面罩2，一个过滤单元3和一个滤毒罐4。
按照本发明，滤毒罐4放置本发明的过滤材料6的相邻接的层5(图2)。
过滤材料6适用于微粒和烟雾两者的过滤，并且包括一种第一和第二组切短纤维10、11的复合材料，第一组纤维10具有相对大的直径(大约7.0×10-6m)，第二组纤维11具有相对小的直径(大约0.5×10-6m)。
优选的纤维直径范围是：
第一组    6.00×10-6～14×10-6m
第二组    0.10×10-6～1.0×10-6m
优选的纤维长度：
第一组  1.0mm～6.0mm
第二组  100.0×10-6m～200.0×10-6m
实施例中的第一组纤维10包括聚丙烯腈(PAN)或沥青碳纤，它们通过常用的气流或CO2活化方法被活化，以使它们产生多孔，由此产生吸附高沸点(假定＞50℃)烟雾的能力。这些纤维还通过浸渍剂进行化学处理，以使它们产生吸附低沸点(例如＜50℃)烟雾的能力。可以将纤维10看作长纤维，占复合材料的大约70％(质量)。纤维的配比范围可以改变，第一组纤维10的范围从60％～90％(质量)，第二组纤维11构成剩余的部分。
第二组纤维11可以被看作微纤维，包括蒸汽生长碳(或玻璃)纤维。
第一组纤维过滤烟雾，第二组纤维过滤微粒。通过组合两种纤维，就产生了一种联合的烟雾和微粒过滤材料。
由于对总的过滤介质更少的需求，过滤材料的双重作用导致减轻了重量(与通常使用的两个过滤单元相比)，又减少了呼吸的阻力。
图3举例说明怎样生产过滤材料。
所需要份数的第一和第二组纤维在混合容器15中与水、一种可溶解的粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素钠或丙烯酸基粘合剂和一种帮助分散的粘性改性剂例如甘油混合，得到一种充分均匀的混合物。然后混合物转到一个造纸工业上所使用的纸页成形器16，去生产测试样品。可以加入水溶性粘合剂(例如上面所记载的)以保证随后获得的复合材料有好的机械性能。
如果加入粘合剂，材料加热到130-150℃以固化粘合剂10-20分钟。
使用成型器16得到垫子状的过滤复合材料，然后使用切割机17将其切割成图1的过滤器滤毒罐4中所结合的过滤层的尺寸。
复合材料可以制造成平的薄片状垫子，例如矩形(图4)或圆片(图5)。或者使垫子打褶(图6)。最终生产的形状应便于在防毒面具系统中的组装。
实施例
1.微粒的脱除
生产25g活性沥青碳纤维垫，在表面速度30cc/min测试时，可以除去99.5％的NaCl微粒(平均颗粒直径0.6×10-6m)，相关的压降低，为0.9mm水柱。
2.烟雾的脱除
活性沥青碳纤维干燥试样在干燥条件(相对湿度＜5％)下，对己烷(浓度4000mg/m3@11/min)进行测试。在一个2.5cm黄铜试管中碳纤维的重量是0.8g。直到63分钟，没有显示出有任何己烷穿透活性碳纤维。

Claims (13)

1.适用于微粒和烟雾两者过滤的过滤材料，包括以粘合剂混合第一和第二组纤维的一种复合材料，第一组纤维的直径比第二组纤维的直径相对大，其中第一组纤维的直径为6.0×10-6～14.0×10-6m，其中第二组纤维的直径为0.1×10-6～1.0×10-6m，并且其中的第一组纤维和第二组纤维包括碳纤维。
2.如权利要求1的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的长度为1.0mm～6.0mm。
3.如权利要求1的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的长度为100.0×10-6～200.0×10-6m。
4.如权利要求2的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的长度为100.0×10-6～200.0×10-6m。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的直径为7×10-6m。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的直径为0.5×10-6m。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的质量占60％～90％。
8.如权利要求7的过滤材料，其特征在于包含70％质量的第一组纤维。
9.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维通过气流或CO2活化方法进行活化。
10.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维用浸渍剂进行化学处理。
11.制造适用于微粒和烟雾两者过滤的过滤复合材料的方法，包括将粘合剂、第一和第二组纤维混合在一起，第一组纤维的直径比第二组纤维的直径相对大，其中第一组纤维的直径为6.0×10-6～14.0×10-6m，第二组纤维的直径为0.1×10-6～1.0×10-6m，并且其中的第一组纤维和第二组纤维包括碳纤维。
12.如权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，该材料被制成薄片状，然后切割成作为过滤层与防毒面具系统相结合的尺寸。
13.一种防毒面具，带有一个与权利要求1-10中的任一过滤材料相结合的过滤单元。
CN01805995.3A 2000-03-03 2001-02-28 烟雾和微粒联合过滤的过滤材料和其制造方法及防毒面具 Expired - Fee Related CN1227051C (zh)

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US6821321B2 (en) 2004-11-23
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DE60103862T2 (de) 2005-08-25
DE60103862D1 (de) 2004-07-22
ES2222980T3 (es) 2005-02-16
AU2001235785A1 (en) 2001-09-17
ATE269141T1 (de) 2004-07-15
US20030019193A1 (en) 2003-01-30
EP1265687B1 (en) 2004-06-16
EP1265687A1 (en) 2002-12-18
WO2001066223A1 (en) 2001-09-13
CN1419468A (zh) 2003-05-21
TR200401566T4 (tr) 2004-08-23
JP2003525733A (ja) 2003-09-02
GB0005037D0 (en) 2000-04-26

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