CN1419468A - 烟雾和微粒联合过滤器 - Google Patents

烟雾和微粒联合过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1419468A
CN1419468A CN01805995.3A CN01805995A CN1419468A CN 1419468 A CN1419468 A CN 1419468A CN 01805995 A CN01805995 A CN 01805995A CN 1419468 A CN1419468 A CN 1419468A
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fiber
group
filtering material
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filter
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M·J·钦
L·A·皮尔斯
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1669—Cellular material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
    • B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
    • B01D2253/304—Linear dimensions, e.g. particle shape, diameter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4541—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for portable use, e.g. gas masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2275/10—Multiple layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/48—Processes of making filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/35—Respirators and register filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
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Abstract

参见图1和2，一个个人防毒面具(1)具有一个面罩(2)，并且具有一个过滤单元(3)，该单元包括一个滤毒罐(4)，其中装有新过滤材料(6)的相邻接的层(5)。过滤材料(6)适用于微粒和烟雾两者的过滤，并且包括一种第一和第二组切碎纤维(10，11)的复合材料，第一组纤维(10)具有相对大直径(大约7×10－6m)，并且第二组纤维(11)具有相对小的直径(大约0.5×10－6m)。

Description

烟雾和微粒联合过滤器
技术领域
本申请涉及过滤材料并且涉及该材料的生产和应用。
发明内容
本发明的材料适用于微粒和烟雾二者的过滤。在这里所使用的术语“烟雾”包括空气和有毒气体。
根据本发明的一个方面，适用于微粒和烟雾过滤的过滤材料包括一种第一和第二组纤维的复合材料，第一组纤维具有相对大的直径，第二组纤维具有相对小的直径。
通常，第一组纤维的直径大约为7.0×10-6m，第二组纤维的直径大约为0.5×10-6m。
通常，复合材料包含70％(质量)的第一组纤维。
第一组纤维可以包括碳纤维，第二组纤维可以包括玻璃和/或碳纤维。
按照本发明的第二方面，制造适用于微粒和烟雾过滤的过滤复合材料的方法包括使用粘合剂混合第一和第二组纤维，第一组纤维有相对大的直径，第二组纤维有相对小的直径。
本发明还包括通过前述的方法制造的过滤材料。
本发明还包括一种防毒面具，它装有与新过滤材料结合的过滤单元。
附图说明
本发明的各个方面现仅通过实施例，参考以下附图加以描述：
图1是一种带有过滤单元的防毒面具的侧视图；
图2是过滤单元所使用的过滤材料的横截面图；
图3是说明用于制造过滤材料的生产步骤的流程图和
图4、5和6说明过滤材料的不同形状。
具体实施方式
图1示出由GB2,080,120(英国国防部)所公开的个人防毒面具1，它具有一个面罩2，一个过滤单元3和一个滤毒罐4。
按照本发明，滤毒罐4放置本发明的过滤材料6的相邻接的层5(图2)。
过滤材料6适用于微粒和烟雾两者的过滤，并且包括一种第一和第二组切短纤维10、11的复合材料，第一组纤维10具有相对大的直径(大约7.0×10-6m)，第二组纤维11具有相对小的直径(大约0.5×10-6m)。
优选的纤维直径范围是：
第一组  6.0～14×10-6m
第二组  0.1～1.0×10-6m
优选的纤维长度：
第一组  1.0mm～6.0mm
第二组  100.0×10-6m～200.0×10-6m
实施例中的第一组纤维10包括聚丙烯腈(PAN)或沥青碳纤，它们通过常用的气流或CO2活化方法被活化，以使它们产生多孔，由此产生吸附高沸点(假定＞50℃)烟雾的能力。这些纤维还通过浸渍剂进行化学处理，以使它们产生吸附低沸点(例如＜50℃)烟雾的能力。可以将纤维10看作长纤维，占复合材料的大约70％(质量)。纤维的配比范围可以改变，第一组纤维10的范围从60％～90％(质量)，第二组纤维11构成剩余的部分。
第二组纤维11可以被看作微纤维，包括蒸汽生长碳(或玻璃)纤维。
第一组纤维过滤烟雾，第二组纤维过滤微粒。通过组合两种纤维，就产生了一种联合的烟雾和微粒过滤材料。
由于对总的过滤介质更少的需求，过滤材料的双重作用导致减轻了重量(与通常使用的两个过滤单元相比)，又减少了呼吸的阻力。
图3举例说明怎样生产过滤材料。
所需要份数的第一和第二组纤维在混合容器15中与水、一种可溶解的粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素钠或丙烯酸基粘合剂和一种帮助分散的粘性改性剂例如甘油混合，得到一种充分均匀的混合物。然后混合物转到一个造纸工业上所使用的纸页成形器16，去生产测试样品。可以加入水溶性粘合剂(例如上面所记载的)以保证随后获得的复合材料有好的机械性能。
如果加入粘合剂，材料加热到130-150℃以固化粘合剂10-20分钟。
使用成型器16得到垫子状的过滤复合材料，然后使用切割机17将其切割成图1的过滤器滤毒罐4中所结合的过滤层的尺寸。
复合材料可以制造成平的薄片状垫子，例如矩形(图4)或圆片(图5)。或者使垫子打褶(图6)。最终生产的形状应便于在防毒面具系统中的组装。
实施例
1.微粒的脱除
生产25g活性沥青碳纤维垫，在表面速度30cc/min测试时，可以除去99.5％的NaCl微粒(平均颗粒直径0.6×10-6m)，相关的压降低，为0.9mm水柱。
2.烟雾的脱除
活性沥青碳纤维干燥试样在干燥条件(相对湿度＜5％)下，对已烷(浓度4000mg/m3@11/min)进行测试。在一个2.5cm黄铜试管中碳纤维的重量是0.8g。直到63分钟，没有显示出有任何己烷穿透活性碳纤维。

Claims (16)

1.适用于微粒和烟雾两者过滤的过滤材料，包括第一和第二组纤维的一种复合材料，第一组纤维具有相对大的直径，第二组纤维具有相对小的直径。
2.如权利要求1的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的直径为6.0～14.0×10-6m。
3.如权利要求1或2的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的直径为0.1～1.0×10-6m。
4.如权利要求1、2或3的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的长度为1.0mm～6.0mm。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的长度为100.0～200.0×10-6m。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的直径大约为7×10-6m。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第二组纤维的直径大约为0.5×10-6m。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于第一组纤维的质量占60％～90％。
9.如权利要求8的过滤材料，其特征在于包含大约70％质量的第一组纤维。
10.如权利要求1-9任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于至少第一组纤维包含碳纤维。
11.如权利要求1-10任一项的过滤材料，其特征在于的第二组纤维包含玻璃纤维。
12.如权利要求1-11的任一过滤材料，其特征在于的第一组纤维被处理，使得它们具有吸附高沸点和低沸点烟雾的能力。
13.如权利要求12的过滤材料，其特征在于高沸点烟雾高于50℃，低沸点烟雾低于50℃。
14.制造适用于微粒和烟雾两者过滤的过滤复合材料的方法，包括混合粘合剂、第一和第二组纤维，第一组纤维具有相对大的直径，第二组纤维具有相对小的直径。
15.如权利要求14的方法，其特征在于的材料被制成薄片状，然后切割成作为过滤层与防毒面具系统相结合的尺寸。
16.一种带有过滤单元的过滤器，装配有权利要求1-15中的任一过滤材料。
CN01805995.3A 2000-03-03 2001-02-28 烟雾和微粒联合过滤的过滤材料和其制造方法及防毒面具 Expired - Fee Related CN1227051C (zh)

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GB0005037.7 2000-03-03
GBGB0005037.7A GB0005037D0 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Combined vapour and particulate filter

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ES2222980T3 (es) 2005-02-16
GB0005037D0 (en) 2000-04-26
JP2003525733A (ja) 2003-09-02
CN1227051C (zh) 2005-11-16
AU2001235785A1 (en) 2001-09-17
ATE269141T1 (de) 2004-07-15
CA2401513A1 (en) 2001-09-13
US6821321B2 (en) 2004-11-23
DK1265687T3 (da) 2004-08-09
DE60103862T2 (de) 2005-08-25
TR200401566T4 (tr) 2004-08-23
US20030019193A1 (en) 2003-01-30
WO2001066223A1 (en) 2001-09-13
EP1265687A1 (en) 2002-12-18
DE60103862D1 (de) 2004-07-22
EP1265687B1 (en) 2004-06-16

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