CN1224497C - 数控机床 - Google Patents

数控机床 Download PDF

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CN1224497C
CN1224497C CNB011409665A CN01140966A CN1224497C CN 1224497 C CN1224497 C CN 1224497C CN B011409665 A CNB011409665 A CN B011409665A CN 01140966 A CN01140966 A CN 01140966A CN 1224497 C CN1224497 C CN 1224497C
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rack
pinion
tooth bar
machine tool
axis
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CN1393320A (zh
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北村耕一郎
北村彰浩
北村耕筰
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Kitamura Machinery Co Ltd
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Kitamura Machinery Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/12Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/626Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/385Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously using a gear and rack mechanism or a friction wheel co-operating with a rail
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/54Arrangements or details not restricted to group B23Q5/02 or group B23Q5/22 respectively, e.g. control handles
    • B23Q5/56Preventing backlash
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/12Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
    • F16H2057/121Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere using parallel torque paths and means to twist the two path against each other
    • F16H2057/122Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere using parallel torque paths and means to twist the two path against each other by using two independent drive sources, e.g. electric motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/26Racks
    • F16H55/28Special devices for taking up backlash
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/91Machine frame
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/304536Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/304592Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with compensation for backlash in drive means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/309576Machine frame
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18088Rack and pinion type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19623Backlash take-up

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种数控机床,包括一个放工件的工作台(15,115)和一根固定刀具的主轴(14,114),在三个进给机构(18-20,118-120),X轴方向的、Y轴方向的和Z轴方向的作用下,工作台与主轴之间可以进行沿X轴方向、沿Y轴方向或沿Z轴方向的相对运动。进给机构包括齿条齿轮副(21、22、24、25、27、28、121、122、124、125、127、128)和两个电动机(16、23、29),可以对所有这三个方向的进给机构预加载,以避免齿条齿轮副上出现的轮齿间隙。

Description

数控机床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种数控机床,包括一个放置工件的工作台和一个固定刀具的主轴,在进给机构的带动下,工作台与主轴之间可以发生相对运动,以对工件进行机械加工。
背景技术
在通常的机床上,常用滚珠丝杠作进给机构,通过该滚珠丝杠可以使工作台或主轴运动。
随着近来机床的发展,机床的运行速度越来越高,这就要求工作台或主轴以较高的速度进给。
为了实现这种较高的进给速度,已经试制生产出一种使用直线式电动机提供动力的进给机构,但这种进给机构也没有取得满意的效果。
应用滚珠丝杠的通常的进给机构能实现高度准确地平稳进给。但是滚珠丝杠式的进给机构的速度受到限制,不能与机床要求的高速运转相适应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种数控机床,它能以更快的速度进给,机床上的进给机构能平稳而高度准确地进给。
下面描述本发明的解决办法:
(1)一台数控机床,包括一个放置工件的工作台和一根固定刀具的主轴,在三个进给机构的作用下,工作台与主轴可以在X轴方向、Y轴方向和Z轴方向相对运动,以进行机械加工,每个方向的进给机构都使用一个齿条齿轮副、两个电动机,可以在X轴方向、Y轴方向和Z轴方向的三个进给机构上预加载,从而防止齿条齿轮副上的轮齿间隙。
(2)水平方向装配的齿条上有指向下方的齿。
(3)使用螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副作齿条齿轮副。
(4)齿条齿轮副采用双螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副。
在本发明的数控机床上,通过三个进给机构,放置工件的工作台与主轴之间可以在X轴方向、Y轴方向和Z轴方向进行相对运动,以进行机械加工。在所有的三个进给机构上,X轴方向的、Y轴方向的和Z轴方向的,都使用齿条齿轮副。
每个轴向上由两台电动机驱动,使驱动力提高一倍,通过预加载,齿条齿轮副上的轮齿间隙被消除了。
而且,水平方向上装配的齿条上有向下的、或横向的齿。因此能防止齿面上积存外来杂物。
齿条齿轮副上的齿采用螺旋齿或双螺旋齿的形式,实现了更平稳地进给。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明:
图1是本发明的总体示意图,从总体上对本发明数控机床的第一种
实施方式进行了示意;
图2是本发明数控机床第二种实施方式的总体示意图;
图3A是本发明数控机床采用的螺旋齿齿条的透视图,图3B是双螺旋齿齿条和双螺旋齿齿轮的透视图。
具体实现方式
图1中说明了本发明数控机床的第一种实施方式。
立式的机床10与普通机床的结构相似,只是工作台和主轴的进给机构不同。
机床10上有一个底座11,在底座11上装配有一个工作台15。通过类似导轨的导向装置(图中未表示出来)对在Y轴方向上运动的工作台进行导向,由Y轴方向的进给机构20驱动工作台。
Y轴方向的进给机构20由一根齿条27、两个齿轮28和两台伺服电动机29构成。齿条27沿Y轴方向固定在工作台的下表面。两台伺服电动机29安装在底座11上。两个齿轮28分别安装在两台电动机29的动力输出轴上,并与齿条27啮合。齿条27上的齿可以采用图3A所示的螺旋齿型的齿条。
作为齿条齿轮结构,也可以使用双螺旋齿齿条21a和双螺旋齿齿轮22a。
床身12上有一个在底座11上形成的门形支腿。
主轴箱13装配在床身12上。
主轴箱沿X轴方向运动时,由类似导轨的导向装置(图中未表示出)导向,由X轴方向的进给机构19驱动。
X轴方向的进给机构由齿条24,两个齿轮25、和两个伺服电动机16构成。齿条24沿X轴方向安装在主轴箱13的下表面。两个伺服电动机16安装在床身12上。两个齿轮25分别安装在两个电动机的动力输出轴上,并与齿条24啮合。
主轴14沿轴向安装在主轴箱13上。
相对于主轴箱13,主轴14可沿竖向(Z轴方向)运动,并由Z轴方向的进给机构18驱动。
Z轴方向的进给机构18由齿条21、两个齿轮22和伺服电动机23构成。齿条21与主轴14的直径方向的中心部分平行,并被固定。两个伺服电动机安装在主轴箱13上。两个齿轮22分别与两个电动机23的动力输出轴连接,并与齿条21啮合。
通过自动刀具更换臂17。主轴14可以自动拆卸或安装刀具。
一个控制装置16装配在自动刀具更换臂17的附近,并控制多刀刀座和整台机床。
下面结合附图2简要描述本发明第二个实现方式。
在横式的机床110上,主轴114沿水平方向装配,在Y轴方向的进给机构20的带动下,其可沿Y轴方向运动。
工作台115的结构使其可以沿X轴方向和Z轴方向运动。
座板130安装在工作台115的下面。在Z轴方向的进给机构的作用下座板130可沿Z轴方向运动,并通过类似导轨的导向装置导向。
工作台115由X轴方向的进给机构119驱动可在座板130的上表面沿X轴方向运动,并被导向。
X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向上的进给机构119、120和118均由一个齿条、两个齿轮和两台伺服电动机构成,这与上面描述的具体实现方式中的进给机构相同。
在上述的任何一个实施例中,都可以提供一种预加载功能给由两台电动机结合产生的位置(速度)反馈所决定的转矩,产生一种偏置,并且互相反向的转矩分别作用在两个轴上(一个主动轴和一个从动轴),这两个轴分别与两台电动机连接,从而呈现一种状态,即两个齿轮总是互相“争夺”一个齿条。通过所描述的预加载功能,在齿条齿轮副上产生的轮齿间隙的影响被减弱了。
而且,水平方向安装的齿条24、27、121和124上有向下的齿。这就使齿轮支持齿条的下面一侧。
在本发明的数控机床上,由于每根轴的进给机构都由一根齿条、两个齿轮和两个电动机构成,驱动力提高了一倍,通过对两个电动机的预加载功能防止了由齿条齿轮副上的轮齿间隙带来的不良影响。使三个方向上的进给速度都提高了,实现了高度准确地平稳进给的目的。由于象滚珠丝杠一样,部件之间的接触点少,不会产生由于生热所造成的热偏移现象。因此本发明完全与高速的机械加工相适应。
而且,水平方向上安装的齿条上的齿朝向下方,可以防止外来杂物停留在齿条的齿表面。
特别是采用了螺旋齿的齿条齿轮和双螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副,使进给更平稳。
本发明不限于上述的实现方式。本发明可用于所有的立式和横式的加工中心,门式加工中心、数控铣床、钻床、模铸加工机械、等等。

Claims (2)

1.一种数控机床,具有一个工作台,用于在其上放置工件,一个主轴,用于固定刀具,以及三个进给机构,用于分别地在X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向驱动主轴相对于工作台运动,以执行机械加工,其中,每一进给机构包括一个双螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副,该双螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副包括一个齿条,两个与该齿条啮合的齿轮,以及两个电动机,分别用于驱动所述两个齿轮,对上述三个进给机构均进行预加载,以防止双螺旋齿的齿条齿轮副上的间隙。
2.如权利要求1所述的数控机床,其特征在于,配置在水平方向上的齿条的齿朝向下方。
CNB011409665A 2001-06-22 2001-09-26 数控机床 Expired - Fee Related CN1224497C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP189156/2001 2001-06-22
JP2001189156A JP2003001542A (ja) 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Nc工作機械

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CN1224497C true CN1224497C (zh) 2005-10-26

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US (1) US6634838B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1270143A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2003001542A (zh)
KR (1) KR100719211B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1224497C (zh)
CA (1) CA2357384A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW542766B (zh)

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