CN1223380C - 带有弧形狭缝的紧缩绷带材料 - Google Patents

带有弧形狭缝的紧缩绷带材料 Download PDF

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CN1223380C
CN1223380C CNB021082235A CN02108223A CN1223380C CN 1223380 C CN1223380 C CN 1223380C CN B021082235 A CNB021082235 A CN B021082235A CN 02108223 A CN02108223 A CN 02108223A CN 1223380 C CN1223380 C CN 1223380C
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composite
slit
binder
layer
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CN1383896A (zh
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荘森勇
江邦卿
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LA PUANTIKAY INTERNATIONAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种复合材料，用于制造矫正术弹性的绷带，供借助紧缩支承人体部分。复合材料具有中心层(110)，内层(130)和外层(120)。中心层在其一个侧面具有一组沟槽(100)，它们相互交叉以限定网格图案，其功能为作为沿中心层宽度和长度的通道，以促进被支承的人体部分的热量和水分发散。一组切口(150)通过中心层的整个深度延伸，以及跨过中心层的表面区分布，而仍保持足够的弹性和密度以提供适当的紧缩支承。在本发明的一个实施例中，中心层具有一组弧形的狭缝(250)，它限定了仍与中心层铰接连接的小片部分(255)。

Description

带有弧形狭缝的紧缩绷带材料
技术领域
本发明一般涉及矫形术支承，以及更具体地说，涉及用于形成弹性紧缩绷带的复合材料，它具有改进的紧缩支承、体温保持以及使用中的透气性。
背景技术
弹性的紧缩绷带可以制成许多形式。通常这种绷带是由软的、弹性的材料制成，这样当配戴时它们为损伤的关节提供一定数量的支承。这种类型的绷带经常不要处方即可采购，或者对熟练者不需要专业配件，它们已经使用多年，以及通常可以作为绷带用于膝、踝、股、腕、肘、胸或下背部。这些弹性的柔韧的紧缩绷带可以用于治疗扭伤和拉伤、关节炎、腱膜炎、滑囊炎、各种炎症或减轻手术后的不舒适或治疗创伤后的不舒适。
弹性紧缩绷带经常用合成橡胶制造(例如，聚氯丁烯)。这种特殊的材料是希望的，因为它综合了弹性紧缩绷带所需的有利的性能。聚氯丁烯橡胶具有良好的弹性和较高的密度，从而提供了良好的紧缩支承和耐剪切力强度。
聚氯丁烯橡胶是密闭胞格材料，因而在使用时散热不是很好。它的密闭胞格特性可以在反射辐射热返回作用区的骨骼和关节的用途中保持热量。这种热量的局部集中，有助于静脉流动和减少水肿和使软组织对损伤较少敏感。
虽然使用聚氯丁烯橡胶在弹性紧缩绷带内可以集中热量，但密闭胞格材料的天然倾向阻止了热散射，仍可为患者带来问题。当配戴时，聚氯丁烯材料绷带拉紧以围绕作用体区施加紧缩载荷。这种紧缩配合与材料的高密度相结合，以及缺少空气循环和通过材料的逸散可能导致热不舒适和出汗以及引起热疹。长期使用这种绷带可以导致患者不断地出汗，使其不舒适达到这种程度，以致使用者经常不到期即停止配戴这种绷带。在效果上，材料本身限定了矫形术绷带可以配戴的时间长度。并不罕见的情况是使用者在约1至2小时后停止配戴这种绷带。在一项改进透气性的尝试中，某些现有的聚氯丁烯橡胶绷带制造成通过整个材料厚度带有穿孔或冲孔的。然而，这些绷带可能没有保持足够的结构完整性，以便作为配戴者有效的紧缩绷带，因为由绷带除去了部分聚氯丁烯材料。
因此，需要一种弹性的紧缩绷带，它具有足够的结构强度和完整性，以提供足够的紧缩支承水平，而同时又可在使用中散热，以减少或避免过度的出汗和热不舒适，特别是在长期使用时。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于制造紧缩绷带的复合材料，此复合材料具有：由弹性的可拉伸的密闭胞格材料组成的中心层，该中心层厚度为1.5-8mm并具有内表面和外表面，中心层具有一组弧形的狭缝，该狭缝限定的圆弧为180°-270°，通过中心层的整个厚度延伸，该弧形狭缝的直径为3-10mm，狭缝之间的间距为3-10mm，每个弧形的狭缝限定了一个小片部分，铰接地连接至中心层，其中，当中心层未拉伸时，所述狭缝实质上是封闭的；胶接到中心层内表面的松孔的内纤维层；以及胶接到中心层外表面的松孔的外纤维层；当复合材料拉伸时，至少在一些小片部分和中心层的相邻部分之间产生间隙，从而形成内和外纤维层之间的空气流动通道。
本发明还提供了一种具有弹性的管形结构的紧缩绷带，由上述复合材料制造，其特征在于，管形结构是借助缝合复合材料片的相反放置的边缘而形成的。
本发明还提供了一种具有弹性的管形结构的紧缩绷带，由上述复合材料制造，其特征在于，首先使上述复合材料加工成形，然后进行缝合，由此形成两端开口的管状支承件，用于支承膝关节、肘关节、腕关节等。
附图说明
本发明的上述方面和许多附带的优点可以通过参考下列详细的说明和结合附图而明确表示出来和更好地理解，其中：
图1是按照本发明原理的矫形术材料制造的膝绷带的侧面立视半示意图；
图2是图1所示膝绷带的半示意透视图；
图3是本发明的复合材料的矫正术材料的部件的剖面示意图；
图4是本发明的复合材料的带孔的中心层段的前顶视图；
图5是图4所示带孔的中心层段的后顶视图；
图6是本发明的复合材料制造的肘绷带的透视图；
图7是本发明的复合材料制造的腕绷带的透视图；
图8是本发明的复合材料制造的踝绷带的侧视图；
图9是类似于图4的顶视图，示出复合材料中心层内形成的沟槽的另一种图案；
图10是按照本发明另一实施例的中心层的顶视图；
图11是图10所示中心层的顶视图，而中心层如大箭头所示沿长度方向拉伸；
图12是按照本发明另一实施例的中心层的顶视图；
图13是图12所示中心层沿直线13-13切取的横剖面图；
图14是图13所示中心层的横剖面图，而内层和外层与中心层连接；以及
图15是与图14类似的横剖面图，示出复合材料如大箭头所示沿长度方向拉伸。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出按照本发明原理的矫形术材料制造的膝绷带20。矫形术材料示于图3，4和5。膝绷带是由图3，4和5所示扁平形状的柔韧的弹性复合材料100制造的。扁平形状的复合材料切割成形和用缝制或其它方法装配成图1和2所示的管形膝绷带20。
参见图1和2，一张平片形状的复合材料100用其自身对折。折叠的相对侧面上的重叠的长边用直立的长接缝50固定。平片形状的材料切割成形，这样当如图1和2所示沿接缝50缝合时，通常形成管形的弯曲的膝支承，它具有开启顶口60和开启底口70。在上边缘处的周边缝合80和在底边缘处的类似的周边缝合90提供了成品膝支承用的最终边缘。
组成复合材料100的部件可参见图3，4和5更好地理解。图3示出本发明复合材料100的部件的横剖面图。复合材料具有柔韧的和可折迭的中心弹性层110和内纤维层130和外纤维层120。中心弹性层110最好由片形的密闭胞格泡沫材料制造。一种最佳的弹性密闭胞格材料是聚氯丁烯橡胶，通常称为氯丁橡胶。最佳的氯丁橡胶材料最好是商业产品。中心层110用的另一种适当的材料是苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SRB)。这些材料可以在广泛的密度范围内，因此不难发现所需密度的材料以提供希望的支承水平和在使用时提供良好的矫形术紧缩。理想的是为了本发明目的这种材料具有的厚度是由1.5mm至8mm。然而，也可以使用其它厚度。此外，也可以使用其它弹性的密闭胞格材料形成中心层110。中心弹性层110在其一个侧面上具有一组交叉的槽或沟140。在非限制性的实例中，本发明的一个实施例示出了交叉的沟槽140的图案，它的形成方法是向下放置氯丁橡胶片材料到金属网格上面以及随后放置加载的热源到平片材料的顶部。压力和热量导致金属网格被压入平片材料内，以便在金属网格的网格图案被压入的地方的底面永久地取得金属网格的形状。此外，或者作为代替方案，金属网格可以是预热的。
在本发明的另一实施例中，交叉的沟槽140的图案是在平片材料的两个表面上形成的。它实现的一种方法是在顶部和底部金属网格之间夹置中心层110，以及热压两个金属网格顶住中心层110，导致两个金属网格压入平片材料的两个表面。网格图案在中心层110的两个表面上可以是相同的，或者可以是不同的形状。
在图3和4所示的实施例中，一组交叉的沟槽140是在中心的弹性层110上形成的，它限定了通常是矩形或方形的图案或网格。可以理解，图案可以是任何其它形状的，例如菱形的(见图9)、三角形的、椭圆形的、圆形的等，只要沟槽140相互交叉，从而提供沿材料长度跨过平片材料的连续的或互连的通道。
中心的弹性层110可以是冲孔的，以形成一组通过中心层的冲孔或切口150。为了简化，在图3内没有示出切口150，但在图4和5内示出切口150。图4的前顶视图示出冲孔的中心层110的一段。图5的后顶视图示出图4所示的冲孔的中心层110的一段。重复的切口150跨过中心的弹性层110分布以及通过中心层的整个深度延伸，从而使包括汗液和空气的流体可以通过切口150由中心层的一面到达另一面，特别是当中心层拉伸时。
在本发明的一个实施例中，切口150仅处于记录的沟槽部分140。在另一个实施例中，切口150不仅处于沟槽部分140，也处于弹性层110的无沟槽部分。在另一个实施例中，切口150仅处于沟槽140的交叉处。重复的切口150可以是均匀的图案以及沿中心弹性层保持均匀间隔。理想的是重复的切口150。不应过大或者切口的间隔过于靠近，以致氯丁橡胶材料的总结构完整性降低超出材料能够在使用时提供足够的矫正术紧缩支承的能力。
重复的切口150可以限定一种切口图案。图4和5示出的切口图案具有由一个公共点辐射的三条“脚线”。然而应该理解，切口图案可以是任何形状的，例如直线、曲线、十字形、或5脚线，只要不脱离本发明的范围即可。还应该理解，希望的是冲孔如果由中心的弹性层110或沟槽140除去任何材料，不应实际除去任何大量的材料，宁可使冲孔单纯地通过沟槽延伸。因此，除了材料被拉伸时外，冲孔不应形成通过氯丁橡胶材料的孔或通道。
重复的切口150的图案可以用一系列的方法在中心的弹性层110上形成。在氯丁橡胶材料内形成切口图案的一种方法是借助辊筒，辊筒具有附带希望的切割图案凸出冲头的圆柱形外表面，从而在辊筒滚过氯丁橡胶材料的平表面时切割出希望的图案。
参见图3，复合材料100还具有软的、柔韧的、松孔的内纤维层130。内层130可以是编织的柔韧的和可折迭的、可拉伸的纤维织物材料，由于编织纤维固有的松孔，材料中的松孔可供空气和水分通过。复合材料100还具有柔韧的和弹性的、松孔的外纤维层120，它也由可拉伸的编织纤维制造，与内层130的类型相同或不同。内纤维层和外纤维层130和120分别可以用其它可拉伸的编织纤维制造，例如尼龙、涤纶或其它合成纤维。
在中心的弹性层110用一组交叉的沟槽140在其一侧面改变和冲出切口图案150之后，内纤维层130连接到中心层110的带沟槽表面上，而外纤维层120连接到中心层110的无沟槽表面上。内纤维层130可以使用胶接技术胶接到中心层110上，胶接技术应防止胶液或其它胶接剂放置到沟槽140内。这样一来，胶接剂不会封闭或阻塞沟槽140。外纤维层120也可使用胶液或其它胶接剂连接到中心层110。胶接剂分别连接中心层110的整个接触表面区和相邻的内纤维层和外纤维层130和120。应该注意的是，胶接剂不应破坏中心层110和内纤维层或外纤维层130或120的松孔度。
返回图1和2，膝绷带20是以带沟槽的侧面对着使用者身体配戴，这样保证了对人体保持热量的优点，而又使膝绷带20可以透气。此外，由于膝绷带20是由复合材料制造的，它具有足够的松孔度，完全可以避免使用中积累的内部热量。膝绷带20还可以提供在其拉伸状态下被膝绷带20支承的人体部分周围的良好的紧缩。弹性的中心层定质上保持其全部能力，对包围的人体部分施加紧缩载荷，因为实际上材料并未象某些普通绷带那样由氯丁橡胶中心层除去。此外，膝绷带20具有足够的密度，由于选用了氯丁橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶或其它材料，以提供有用的膝绷带所需的紧缩。内纤维层和外纤维层130和120也对膝绷带20提供了附加的紧缩强度。
膝绷带20还提供了良好的透气性。当膝绷带20在使用时，它按双方向形式拉伸，从而产生泵送作用，使空气通过膝绷带20的沟槽140流动。这样携带人体的汗液通过沟槽140由膝绷带末端排出。膝绷带20还允许新鲜的冷空气通过膝绷带20向内流动到达人体，因此，当在使用中绷带被拉伸时，一定数量的热量可由膝绷带20的内部通过一组张开的切口150流向外部。
按照本发明的另一方面，凝胶或小球形状的硅树脂152可以沿膝绷带20的内部在绷带的长度方向上涂敷，或许在绷带的两个相对的面上涂敷。作为补充或代替的方案，硅树脂球154也可以沿绷带的内部周边放置，或许接近绷带的末端放置。硅树脂可以一定宽度的条形线或带或其它图案形式放置。此外，硅树脂线或带可以是直的或者弯曲的。硅树脂材料借助硅树脂与人体之间的摩擦而使绷带停留在人体位置上。然而，硅树脂不会引起不舒适或者对人体过度的擦伤。
在一个实施例中，硅树脂可以在绷带完全制成后涂敷在膝绷带20的内部。在另一实施例中，硅树脂是涂敷在膝绷带20的内纤维层130的内部和随后内纤维层130贴到中心层110的内部。技术熟练人士应该理解，在不脱离本发明范围的条件下，除硅树脂之外，也可以使用其它材料导致绷带停留在人体位置上。
图6至8示出复合材料100在紧缩绷带内的进一步的应用。图6示出肘绷带160，其复合材料100是折叠的和沿它的长度接缝。绷带可以具有中间接缝170以形成通常的L形的管形弹性体绷带。管形绷带的顶边和底边具有缝合的周边接缝180用于边缘的增强。图7示出用复合材料100制造的腕绷带190，其材料是折叠的和沿它的长度接缝，以形成通常的直管形绷带，它在其相对的末端具有周边缝合接缝200，用于边缘的增强。图8示出由复合材料100制造的踝绷带210。踝绷带210形成通常的L形的管形绷带，在其相对的末端具有周边缝合接缝220，围绕绷带一个边缘部分的周边缝合接缝230，它围绕使用者的后跟配合。绷带可以具有中间缝合接缝240，用于固定L形踝绷带的相邻的中间边缘。
这些紧缩绷带可以用于提供所需的解剖学紧缩支承水平，而又改进了支承区的通风，以减少由于出汗和过热引起的不舒适。因此，本发明的改进的复合材料可以改进由这种材料组合成的紧缩绷带提供的解剖学支承，因为使用者能够长期配戴这种绷带，而不会由于热不舒适而提前除去绷带。
图9示出本发明的代替的实施例，其复合材料100组成弹性的中心层110，它具有交叉的沟槽形成的菱形图案。再者，切口150处于沟槽140的交叉处。沟槽140和切口150可以用与上述对于中心层110相同的或相似的方式制成。再者，在其它方面复合材料100可以是与上述相同或相似的材料100。
图10示出按照本发明第三实施例的中心层210。在此实施例中，中心层210具有一组弧形的狭缝250，它通过中心层210的整个厚度延伸。弧形的狭缝250最好是半圆的或部分圆的狭缝，它限定整圆的约180°至270°。弧形的狭缝限定一组小片部分255，它保持铰接连接在中心层210上，但可以开启，允许空气通过中心层210流动。狭缝250的弯曲的几何形状在中心层210的较短的横向距离上提供了较长的狭缝。
一组弧形的狭缝250排列为矩形的偏移的阵列，如图10所示。中心层2 10的厚度希望在约1.5mm和8mm之间，更希望为约3mm。弧形的狭缝250具有直径D希望在3mm和约10mm之间，更希望为约4mm。狭缝在图10所示的垂直和水平方向上彼此隔开的狭缝相邻的偏移线的偏移量以OS表示，它希望在约3mm和约10mm之间，更希望为约6mm。使用中心层210与上述内纤维层和外纤维层130，120相结合(图10中未示出)的复合材料获得适当的紧缩强度，以便用于矫正术用途，例如紧缩绷带。
狭缝250在中心层210上制造时不会除去中心层210的大量材料，而当中心层松弛或未拉伸时，狭缝250实质上是封闭的。
图11示出图10的中心层210，其复合材料沿长度方向(即图11内向左和向右)弹性拉伸。在拉伸的中心层210上新月形的空气流动沟槽250＇是开启的。应该理解，弧形的狭缝250的弯曲变形成了跨过中心层210供空气和水分通过的较大的流动面积。这是由于小片部分255的几何形状所致，它沿一个边缘与中心层210铰接连接，这个边缘部分隔离小片部分255接受中心层210的拉伸应力。因此，小片部分255的拉伸程度不像与小片部分255相反的复合材料的周围部分那样大，从而产生较大的空气流动沟槽250＇。
当中心层210松弛时，即当拉伸力移去时，新月形的空气流动沟槽250＇关闭，实质上返回至图10所示的狭缝250。特殊的是，小片部分255相对于与小片部分255相反的复合材料的周围部分横向移动。小片部分255的这种开启和关闭运动在空气流动沟槽250＇内产生泵送作用，增强了通过中心层210的空气流动。应该理解，当配戴柔软的紧缩绷带，例如图1和2所示的膝绷带时，配戴者的运动会导致绷带的弹性弯曲。上述复合材料制造的绷带的这种弯曲会因而产生泵送作用，它改进了跨过绷带的空气流动。此外，当由配戴者产生的热量相对较小时，通过空气沟槽255＇的泵送作用产生的空气流动也较小。
图12示出本发明的第四实施例用的中心层310，而中心层310实质上与图11所示的中心层210相同，它带有一组交叉的长条沟槽340，横向延伸跨过中心层310的内表面。如上所述，交叉的沟槽340提供了通道，它可使空气沿着复合材料的内表面邻接配戴者的皮肤流动。如图13所见，它示出中心层的横剖面图，狭缝350最好位于接近沟槽340处或沟槽340交叉处，从而使空气和蒸汽通向狭缝350，或者相反，空气由狭缝通向沟槽340。
图14和15示出使用中心层310的复合材料300的横剖面图。复合材料300具有弹性的内纤维层330，胶接到中心层310的内表面上；弹性的外纤维层320，胶接到中心层310的外表面上。所述内纤维层和外纤维层是由合成纤维制造的编织纤维片组成的。内和外纤维层320，330胶接到中心层的方式，应允许当复合材料被拉伸时，至少一部分弧形的狭缝350可以开启。
内和外纤维层320，330是松孔的，从而使空气和蒸汽可以通过内纤维层330，通过弧形的狭缝350(当狭缝开启时)流动，以及通过外纤维层320挥发掉来自配戴者的气体，以及按相反的方向提供复合材料下面的冷却空气。
图15示出横向拉伸(即图15中向左，向右)的复合材料300。狭缝350由于纤维的拉伸而处于张开位置。图14示出的复合材料300处于未拉伸形状，而狭缝350实质上封闭。对比图15和图14应该理解，复合材料的顺序弯曲和未弯曲(拉伸和未拉伸)将产生上述的泵送作用，它有利于空气通过复合材料流动。
虽然最佳实施例的狭缝是半圆形的(即圆弧的180-270°)，任何数量的其它形状是可能的，以及可以设想，例如可以使用这样的狭缝，它产生带有弯曲的自由端和铰接连接的后端的小片部分。
虽然说明和叙述了本发明的最佳实施例，应该理解，在不脱离本发明精神的条件下，可以作出各种改变。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于制造紧缩绷带的复合材料，此复合材料具有：
由弹性的可拉伸的密闭胞格材料组成的中心层，该中心层厚度为1.5-8mm并具有内表面和外表面，中心层具有一组弧形的狭缝，该狭缝限定的圆弧为180°-270°，通过中心层的整个厚度延伸，该弧形狭缝的直径为3-10mm，狭缝之间的间距为3-10mm，每个弧形的狭缝限定了一个小片部分，铰接地连接至中心层，其中，当中心层未拉伸时，所述狭缝实质上是封闭的；
胶接到中心层内表面的松孔的内纤维层；以及
胶接到中心层外表面的松孔的外纤维层；
当复合材料拉伸时，至少在一些小片部分和中心层的相邻部分之间产生间隙，从而形成内和外纤维层之间的空气流动通道。
2.根据权利要求1的复合材料，其特征在于，弧形的狭缝的直径为4mm。
3.根据权利要求2的复合材料，其特征在于，中心层是由聚氯丁烯橡胶组成的。
4.根据权利要求2的复合材料，其特征在于，内纤维层和外纤维层是由合成纤维制造的编织纤维片组成的。
5.根据权利要求4的复合材料，其特征在于，一组沟槽制成在中心层的内表面上。
6.根据权利要求5的复合材料，其特征在于，所述一组沟槽为一组交叉的长条沟槽，形成网格图案。
7.根据权利要求6的复合材料，其特征在于，中心层是由聚氯丁烯橡胶组成的。
8.根据权利要求1的复合材料，其特征在于，借助拉伸复合材料产生的空气流动通道是新月形的空气流动通道，当材料未拉伸时它实质上是密闭的，当拉伸增加时它变为开启的。
9.一种具有弹性的管形结构的紧缩绷带，由权利要求1的复合材料制造，其特征在于，管形结构是借助缝合复合材料片的相反放置的边缘而形成的。
10.根据权利要求12的紧缩绷带，其特征在于，紧缩绷带是由倾斜连接的第一和第二管形部分组成的单个元件。
11.一种具有弹性的管形结构的紧缩绷带，由权利要求1的复合材料制造，其特征在于，首先使上述复合材料加工成形，然后进行缝合，由此形成两端开口的管状支承件，用于支承膝关节、肘关节、腕关节等。
CNB021082235A 2001-05-02 2002-03-27 带有弧形狭缝的紧缩绷带材料 Expired - Lifetime CN1223380C (zh)

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US09/846,332 US6508776B2 (en) 2001-05-02 2001-05-02 Compression brace structure and material
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KR20020084680A (ko) 2002-11-09
KR20020084668A (ko) 2002-11-09
GB2375077B (en) 2004-10-13
KR100836729B1 (ko) 2008-06-10
US20020165474A1 (en) 2002-11-07
ES2204278A1 (es) 2004-04-16
GB0111915D0 (en) 2001-07-04
GB2375076B (en) 2004-11-03
HK1050331A1 (en) 2003-06-20
US6726641B2 (en) 2004-04-27
TW528673B (en) 2003-04-21
ES2204278B2 (es) 2005-01-01
TW567060B (en) 2003-12-21
US20020165475A1 (en) 2002-11-07
DE10209584A1 (de) 2003-04-30
CN1383799A (zh) 2002-12-11
DE10209584B4 (de) 2007-09-06
CN1383896A (zh) 2002-12-11
US6508776B2 (en) 2003-01-21
GB2375077A (en) 2002-11-06
GB2375076A (en) 2002-11-06
KR100464779B1 (ko) 2005-01-06
GB0203340D0 (en) 2002-03-27

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