CN1222683A - 液晶显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子设备 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子设备 Download PDF

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CN1222683A
CN1222683A CN98116249A CN98116249A CN1222683A CN 1222683 A CN1222683 A CN 1222683A CN 98116249 A CN98116249 A CN 98116249A CN 98116249 A CN98116249 A CN 98116249A CN 1222683 A CN1222683 A CN 1222683A
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liquid crystal
crystal indicator
ratio
retardation film
display panels
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CN1138168C (zh
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饭岛千代明
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供的液晶显示装置包括:一个液晶显示面板,具有液晶层;和一个相位差膜,供消除液晶显示面板上产生的带色现象;其特征在于,液晶显示面板的至少一侧配置着一个偏光分离板,由双折射的第一膜和非双折射的第二膜构成,液晶显示面板折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC对相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少等于1.02,且偏光分离板在450纳米波长下的反射率R450对650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1。

Description

液晶显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子设备
本发明涉及一种液晶显示装置，特别涉及一种配备有供消除晶显示面板上产生的带色现象的相位差膜的液晶显示装置。本发明还涉及采用这种液晶显示装置的电子设备，例如电子钟表或手提电话机等。
一般的液晶显示装置有一种配备有象STN(超扭曲向列)液晶之类的液晶显示面板，面板的一面敷有象单轴向拉伸膜之类的相位差膜(例如可参看本发明人以前提出过的日本公开专利公极3-50249)。
图9是说明上述配备有相位差膜的一般液晶显示装置一个实例的结构示意图。图9中，1为上偏光板，2为相位差膜，3为液晶显示面板，4为下偏光板，5为反射板。液晶显示面板3的上下一对基板31和32之间夹持着液晶层33。
上述相位差膜采用了诸如聚碳酸酯膜之类的单轴向拉伸聚合物膜。液晶显示面板上产生的带色现象是通过根据液晶显示面板的折射率各向异性Δn与面板厚度d的乘积Δn·d等参数适当选择相位差膜的材质和厚度等消除的。图9所示的是个反射型液晶显示装置，在透射型液晶显示装置的场合，反射板5则用后光源代替。
然而，用上述相位差膜并不是始终能确保充分消除液晶显示面板产生的带色现象的，特别是在通电和断电状态下难以消除带色现象。
对上述问题广泛深入研究的结果表明，反射板助长了带色现象的产生。更具体地说，如图10一般液晶显示装置中通常使用的铝反射板的分光特性所示，可见光范围高波长区的反射率高于低波长区的，而助长了带色现象。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而提出的，发明的目的在于提供一种采用上述相位差膜从而能在通电和断电状态下令人满意地确实消除带色现象、对比度好的液晶显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子设备。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供下述液晶显示装置和电子设备。
更具体地说，本发明提供包括下列各部分的液晶显示装置：液晶显示面板，具有液晶层；偏光分离板，配置在液晶显示面板的至少一侧，其450纳米波长下的反射率R450与650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1，其中液晶显示装置具有相位差膜供消除液晶显示面板产生的带色现象，且液晶层折射率各向异性波长色散BLC与相位差膜相位差波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少为1.02。
R450/R650至少应为1.0，而且最好在3以下。要使R450/R650至少等于1可以采用一种第一层为双折射、第二层不是双折射且第一层一侧的折射率基本上与第二层的折射率相等的偏光分离板。可以采用向列液晶层的扭曲向列角在180度至360度范围内的液晶显示板。相位差膜可采用诸如单轴向拉伸膜之类的聚合物膜。在液晶显示面板面对偏光分离板的一侧可设一个反射板。
本发明还提供一种以液晶显示装置作为显示部分的电子设备，所述液晶显示装置包括：一个具有液晶层的液晶显示面板；一个偏光分离板，配置在液晶显示面板的至少一例，其450纳米波长下的反射率R450与650纳米波长下反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1；其中液晶显示装置的液晶显示面板有相位差膜供消除液晶显示面板上产生的带色现象，且液晶层折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC与相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少等于1.02。
上述配备有相位差膜的液晶显示装置在液晶显示层折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC与相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少达1.02时显示的对比度良好。同时，通过配备双折射的第一层和非双折射的第二层且使450纳米波长下的反射率R450与650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1可以令人满意地消除上述带色现象。
现在通过一些实施例说明本发明的液晶显示装置和电子设备。
图1是本发明液晶显示装置一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2的曲线举例说明各种相位差膜的波长色散。
图3的曲线举例说明了各种液晶波长的折射率各向异性。
图4的曲线举例说明了各种液晶的波长色散。
图5是偏光分离板结构的示意图。
图6是偏光分离板的原理示意图。
图7的曲线举例说明了本发明实例中使用的偏光分离板的反射率。
图8是应用本发明的液晶显示装置的手提电话机的透视图。
图9是一般液晶显示装置一个实例的结构示意图。
图10的曲线举例示出了现有技术中使用的反射板的反射率。
图1是本发明液晶显示装置一个实施例的结构示意图。图1中，1为上偏光板，2为相位差膜，3为液晶显示面板。液晶显示面板3由上下一对基板31和32、基板之间夹着液晶层33构成。基板31和32面对液晶面板33的各侧配备有图中未示出、分别由ITO(氧化铟锡)或氧化锡制成的透明电极。散射板6、偏光分离板7和光吸收体8顺次配置在液晶显示面板3的下表面。
上述上偏光板1可采用一般的偏光板。相位差膜2用作色补偿用的光学各向异性体，供消除液晶显示面板3上产生的带色现象，适用的材料有PC(聚碳酸酯)、PVA(聚乙烯醇)、PA(多芳基化合物)和(PSF)聚砜等单轴向拉伸膜。
图2示出了采用上述薄膜作为相位差膜时各波长的相位差R(Δn·d)对650纳米波长下的相位差R650(Δn·d 650)的各比值。图2中，a为PSF,b为PA,c为PC,d为PVA。a至d的这些薄膜，波长越长，相位差R越小。
液晶显示面板3可适当采用TN型和STN型的任一种，其中STN型的尤以液晶分子的扭曲排列角在180度至360度范围内的STN型向列液晶为宜。本实施例中采用了STN型液晶。
图3例举了这种液晶显示装置普遍使用的A至H的多种液晶各波长的各向异性值。图4是上述A至H各液晶各波长折射率各向异性Δn对650纳米波长下折射率各向异性Δn650的比值曲线。图3和图4中所示的任一液晶，波长越长，折射率各向异性Δn越小。
在本发明中，液晶层折射率各向异性Δn的波长色散BLC与相位差膜2相位差的波长色散BRF的比值至少应为1.02。液晶层折射率各向异性Δn的波长色散BLC是指液晶在450纳米波长下的折射率各向异性Δn450对650纳米长下折射率各向异性Δn650的比值Δn450/Δn650。波长色散BRF是指相位差膜2在450纳米波长下的相位差R450(Δn·d450)对650纳米波长下的相位差R650(Δn·d650)的比值R450/R650。
要使显示面具有良好的对比度，可以使液晶显示面板3液晶层折射率各向异性的波长色散对相位差膜2相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少为1.02。更可取的是，上述比值BLC/BRF至少应为1.04，这样可进一步提高对比度。
至于上述散射板6，可以采用例如乳白色的聚丙烯板。此外，还可以配备粘结剂中混入扩散剂的散射层来代替散射板6，这个散射层除散射作用外还起粘合液晶显示面板和偏光分离板的作用。在散射板6或散射层的作用下，可以达到白色状的显示而不是镜面状的显示。必要时可以不用散射板6。
上述偏光分离板7，如图5中所示，由一定数目的第一膜71和第二膜72按一定顺序层叠起来构成，第一膜71是双折射的，第二膜72不能双折射。第一和第二膜可选取适当的材料，但这两种膜都必须是透光的，且不能双折射的第二膜和能双析射的第一膜，两者的折射率应基本相等。
第一膜71可采用拉伸成所要求倍率的例如聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)。第二膜72可采用萘二羧酸和对苯二甲酸或isothalic的共聚多酯(CoPEN)。第一膜71拉伸方向偏振光的折射率nAX为1.88，垂直于拉伸方向偏振光的折射率nAY为1.64。第二膜72的折射率nB为1.64。
在上述双折射的第一膜71和非双折射的第二膜72层叠成的偏光分离板7中，举例说，当光从上方进入分离板7时，由于第一和第二膜71和72之间的折射率没有界面，因而垂直于拉伸方向的光L1透过偏光分离板7。平行于拉伸方向的光L2中，只有预定的波长有选择地在第一与第二膜之间的界面反射，其余的光L2透过。反射光L2的波长λa取决于第一和第二膜71和72的折射率nAX和nB(其中nB=nAY)和第一和第二膜71和72的厚度dA和dB。
这些关系可用下面的(1)式和(2)式表示：
nAX·dA=(1/4+m/2)λ    (1)
nB·dB=(1/4+m/2)λ     (2)其中m为0或正整数。
因此，适当选择第一和第二膜71和72的折射率nAX和nB和第一和第二膜71和72的厚度dA和dB，可以使所要求波长的光反射。适当选择任何折射率和厚度，例如适当选取适当的厚度值dA和dB同时保持折射率nAX和nB不变，也可使所要求波长的光反射。将不同厚度的多片第一和第二膜层叠起来也可使反射在所要求波长范围内进行。在此情况下，第一和第二膜71,72的片数越多，各波长的反射率就越高。适当选择膜片数可将各波长调定到所要求的反射率。这种偏光分离板在国际未经审查的专利公报WO/95/17692和其它专利文献中作为反射性偏振板公开过。
在本发明中，偏光分离板7在450纳米波长下的反射率R450对反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少应为1。用这种偏光分离板可最大限度地减少上述带色现象。更可取的是，比值R450/R650至少应为1.2，这样可以进一部减少带色现象。鉴于比值R450/R650超过3.0时效果不显著，因而所述比值最好不大于3.0。
图7示出了偏光分离板7一个实例的各项反射性能。偏光分离板7采用了上述材料构成的第一和第二膜71和72，满足了上述条件，其中450纳米波长下的反射率R450对650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650约为1.39。
图1中所示的光吸收体8可适当采用任何材料，只要是黑色的，光吸收性能令人满意即可。在光吸收体8上开许多小孔，再在下表面侧设一个后光源，可以制取透射型或透射/反射混合型的液晶显示装置。
液晶显示面板3的液晶、相位差板2和偏光分离板7通过适当组合，使液晶折射率各向导性的波长色散BLC对相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少为1.02，且使偏光分离板在450纳米波长下的反射率R450对650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少为1，可以得出上述不带色且对比度良好的液晶显示装置。
上述液晶、相位差膜2和偏光分离板7仅仅是举例而已，用其它液晶、相位差膜和偏光分离板也可以得出上述类似的效果。
上述液晶显示装置应用到例如图8所示的手提电话机T的显示部分A，可以使手提电话机显示质量高，本发明的液晶显示装置并不局限于手提电话机，它还适用于钟表和其它电子设备。
[例1]
图1所示的液晶显示装置即按本发明的实例1制备。相位差膜采用图2C所示的PC单轴向拉伸膜(在589纳米波长下Δnd为600nm微米)。液晶显示板3是用图3和图4所示的液晶E(Δn·d在589纳米波长下为0.136微米)制成的，元件厚度为6.5微米，扭曲角为240度。液晶相位差各向异性的波长色散BLC对相差膜2相位差波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF为1.07。偏光分离板7由预定数量的第一膜71和第二膜72层叠起来构成，第一膜71由拉伸5倍的PEN制成，第二膜72由CoPEN制成。偏光分离板的反射率比值R450/R650为1.2。
[比较例1]
为与上述实例1比较，在实例1相同的条件下按比较实例1制取液晶显示装置，只是相位差膜采用图2中b所示的PA膜。液晶显示面板3液晶折射率各向异性的波长色散对相位差膜2相位差的波长色散的比值BLC/BRF为1.01，偏光分离板7的反射率比值R450/R650为1.2。
[常规例1和例2]
为与上述实例1及比较实例1比较，分别用图2中c和b所示的PC和PA制成的相位差膜制取常规实例1和2的图9所示的常规液晶显示装置，使液晶显示板3与例1和比较例1的相同，并在液晶显示面板下表面侧设一个带铝反射板5的偏光板4。
表1综合列出了实例1、比较实例1和常规实例1和2液晶显示装置的制备条件及其显示性能的测试结果。在采用偏光分离板的液晶显示装置中，通电状态的色泽取决于黑色吸收体8的色泽。因此，在实例1和比较实例1中，吸收体的色泽调节得使通电状态下的色泽为黑色。在稍后即将谈到的实例2和比较实例2中也是这种情况。
                                  表1
实例1 比较实例1 常规实例1 常规实例2
下偏光分离板 带黑色吸收体的偏光分离板 带黑色吸收体的偏光分离板 带铝反射板的偏光板 带铝反射板的偏光板
液晶波长色散BLC     1.16     1.16     1.16     1.16
相位差膜材料     PC     PA     PC     PA
相位差膜色散BRF     1.08     1.15     1.08     1.15
波长色散比值BLC/BRF     1.07     1.01     1.07     1.01
下偏光分离板的反射率比值     1.2     1.2     0.87     0.87
对比度比值     7.4     6.3     7.2     6.1
断电时的色泽     白     蓝白     绿     白
通电时的色泽     黑     黑     黑     监
在一般实例1中，在断电状态下可以看到带色现象。我们认为，这是由于比值BLC/BRF大引起的。为使该比值更接近1，在一般实例2中选用了上述各项条件。结果，虽然消除了断电状态下的带色现象，但却在通电状态产生带色现象，从而使对比度下降。在对比实例中，显示情况在断电状态下略带微蓝色，对比度下降。对比之下，在本发明的实例1中，无论在通电状态或断电状态，显示是单色的，令人满意，对比度良好。
[例2]
用与本发明的实例1不同的液晶制备图1所示的液晶显示装置，作为本发明的实例2。相位差膜2采用与实例1相同的那一种，液晶显示面板，元件厚度5.6微米，扭曲角260度，用图3和图4中B所示的液晶(Δn·d在589纳米波长下为0.164微米)作为液晶显示面板3的液晶。液晶折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC对相位差膜2相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF为1.10。偏光分离板7由预定片数与实例1同材质的第一和第二膜层叠起来构成，反射率比值为1.39。
[比较例2]
在与实例2对比的比较实例2中，按实例2同样的条件制备液晶显示装置，但采用图2中a所示的PSF相位差膜。液晶显示面板3的液晶折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC对相位差膜2的相位差波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF为O.98。偏光分离板7的反射率比值R450/R650和实例2中的一样，为1.39。
[常规例3和4]
在与实例2对比的常规实例3和4中，分别采用图2和c和a所示的PC和PCF薄膜作为相位差膜，制取与实例2和比较实例2完全相同的液晶显示面板3，且在液晶显示面板下表面侧装了一个带铝反射板5的偏光板4。
表2综合列出了实例2、比较实例2和常规实例3,4中液晶显示装置的制备条件和显示性能。
                                       表2
    实例2   比较实例2   常规实例3 常规实例4
下偏光分离板   带黑色吸收体的偏光分离板   带黑色吸收体的偏光分离板 带铝反射板的偏光板  带铝反射板的偏光板
液晶波长色散BLC     1.19     1.19     1.19     1.19
相位差膜材料     PC     PSF     PC     PSF
相位差膜色散BRF     1.08     1.22     1.08     1.22
波长色散比值BLC/BRF     1.10     0.98     1.10     0.98
下偏光分离板的反射率比值     1.39     1.39     O.87     0.87
对比度比值     10.7     9.3     10.9     8.9
断电时的色泽     白     蓝白     黄     白
通电时的色泽     黑     黑     黑     蓝
在本发明实例2的液晶显示装置中，从表2中可以看出，没有象比较实例2和常规实例3和4中那样有带色现象，而且显示的对比度良好。具体地说，在一般实例3中，虽然对比度较高，但显示情况在断电状态下染上黄颜色，带色现象较严重。在常规实例4中，虽然外观是白色，但通电染上蓝色，从而使对比度下降。在比较实例2中，显示情况略带微蓝色，对比度差。相反，在本发明的实例2中，无论是在通电或断电状态下，显示情况令人满意，是单一色的，对比度良好。
将本发明的上述液晶显示装置应用到图8作为电子设备的手提电话机的显示部分上，显示性能优异。
本发明的液晶显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子设备，显示时没有带色现象，从而提供了显示质量优异的液晶显示装置和电子设备。

Claims (7)

1．一种液晶显示装置，包括：
一个液晶显示面板，有一个液晶层；
一个偏光分离板，配置在所述液晶显示面板的至少一侧，其在450纳米波长下的反射率R450对650纳米波长下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1；
其中，所述液晶显示装置有一个相位差膜，供消除所述液晶显示面板中产生的带色现象；且
所述液晶层折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC对所述相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少为1.02。
2．如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述比值R450/R650不超过3。
3．如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述偏光分离板配备有双折射的第一层和非双折射的第二层，且所述第一层一侧的折射率基本上等于所述第二层的折射率。
4．如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层为扭曲向列角在180度至360度范围内的扭曲向列液晶层。
5．如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述相位差膜为聚合物膜。
6．如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶显示面板面对所述偏光分离板的一侧设有一个反射板。
7．一种其显示部分为液晶显示装置的电子设备，所述液晶显示装置包括：
一个液晶显示面板，具有一液晶层；
一个偏光分离板，配置在所述液晶显示面板的至少一侧，其在450纳米波长下的反射率R450对650纳米波下的反射率R650的比值R450/R650至少等于1；
其中，所述液晶显示装置有一相位差膜，供消除所述液晶显示面板上产生的带色现象；且
所述液晶层折射率各向异性的波长色散BLC对所述相位差膜相位差的波长色散BRF的比值BLC/BRF至少等于1.2。
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DE69815225T2 (de) 2003-12-04
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EP0896242A3 (en) 1999-12-22
EP0896242B1 (en) 2003-06-04
CN1138168C (zh) 2004-02-11
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US5986731A (en) 1999-11-16
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