CN1221559A

CN1221559A - Prevention method for virus disease of Chinese prawn parent prawn breeding period

Info

Publication number: CN1221559A
Application number: CN97121081A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牟乃海; 宋全山
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-12-30
Filing date: 1997-12-30
Publication date: 1999-07-07

Abstract

A technique for preventing the virus diseases of Chinese prawn in cultivating period includes such areas as modifying large cultivation pond to small one, changing shallow prawn pond to deep one, throughly cleaning cultivating pond and disinfecting it, chosing healthy young prawn, cultivation of fish, crab and prawn in mix mode, enclosed or semienclosed cultivation of prawn, applying medicine with feed, and elongating the mating period for higher mated rate.

Description

The prevention method of Chinese prawn parent shrimp mature stage virus disease

The invention belongs to the aquaculture of aquatic animal technical field, particularly the prevention technique of prawn virus disease.

Prawn culturing is the mainstay industry that Export of Chinese Aquatic Products is earned foreign exchange.The eighties has started foster shrimp heat in that China is coastal, more than 200 ten thousand mu in exploitation shrimp pond, and people take the lead in making fortune by working by foster shrimp, and have driven the flourishing of relevant industries.The early 1990s, the prawn ' s virus disease in Southeast Asia some countries and regions popular, 1993, prawn virus disease causes more than 30 hundred million yuan of economic losses, nineteen ninety-five then whole coastal popular the breaking out of China, prawn output further glides, produce 220000 tons during by the peak per year, reduce to 3.5 ten thousand tons, make a foreign currency earning industry that relates to the millions of people that obtains employment slide into the edge that collapses.The Ministry of Agriculture as key subjects, organizes each big scientific research institutions to prawn disease, the coastal tackling key problem of layouting in the whole nation.Through the exploration in 5 years, each point all had progress in various degree.Song Zhuan township, Ganyu County, Jiangsu has created " Song Zhuan supports the shrimp three therapeutic methods of traditional Chinese medicine ".Success that shrimp pool environment high yield intensive culture model test " is improved " in test site, Wudi County, Shandong." the prawn cleaning cultivation project " implemented on Laizhou and mill, beach and other places also succeeds.But the above all reports the breed commercial sized prawn.About prawn was supported to mid-November always, the method for results mating parent shrimp is not appeared in the newspapers as yet.Now the Ganyu County, Jiangsu " Song Zhuan supports the shrimp three therapeutic methods of traditional Chinese medicine " of promoting with the whole nation is an example, and the three therapeutic methods of traditional Chinese medicine is two batches of foster shrimp methods, and throw something and feed method and timely and appropriate discovery of fresh food changes water law.Owing to have no idea to prevent breaking out of prawn virus disease, have to take early put the early long shrimp of seedling, when virus disease is popular, just goes out the pond and receive shrimp, and then support second batch.This method obtains distinct economic year after year, and technical merit occupies leading domestic.Two batches of foster shrimp methods two are put, two receipts, and labour intensity is big, and what receive is the small dimension shrimp, and it is also low to be worth nature.What the present invention effectively prevented prawn virus disease in continuous 4 years breaks out, and the single step of releasing seedling was supported to mid-November, raises the commodity shrimp alive and the close shrimp of big specification, item difficulty is big, with high content of technology, value-added content of product is also high, and economic benefit is " two batches of foster shrimp methods " about 10 times.And the close shrimp of forming is used to breed seed, and protection sea area natural resources has ecological benefits.

Technical scheme main points of the present invention are: the shrimp pond changes little greatly, shallow changing deeply; The sterilization of thoroughly clear pond; Sealing, semiclosed Guan Shui; Select health young shrimp; Shrimpfish is raised together with by crab; Make fresh bait with the scallop skirt; Prolong prawn mating season, improve mating rate; The integrated use of many principles multi-method makes scientific and technical transplanting, grafting, combination, creates brand-new diseases prevention and supports the shrimp pattern, obtains special high economic and social benefits and ecological benefits.

Following substep illustrates technical scheme of the present invention

One, the transformation in shrimp pond is an area 30 mu-100 mu pond, as Fig. 1, is divided into several Xiao Chi, and as Fig. 2, the area of these Xiao Chi can be 4 mu-20 mu, but each pond 5-10 mu is advisable.The dam of Xiao Chi can become with mound, also can grout with stone.Each Xiao Chi is provided with into emptying gate, tilts to the gate direction at the bottom of the pond, so that can drain Chi Shui, the pond degree of depth is a 2-3.5 rice.

Two, thoroughly pond sterilization clearly prevents the endogenous morbidity, comprises thorough desilting, at the bottom of the water flushing tank, stirs sewer for several times, the chemical oxygen consumption (COC) at the bottom of the minimizing pond.50 kilograms of bleaching powder of the every mu of usefulness of sterilizing stir evenly full pool spilling head with a large amount of water.Kill all biologies.

Three, seal semiclosed Guan Shui, behind the clear pond 7-10 days, because the pond is dark, but the long-pending certain brackish water of spring played desalination and supports the shrimp effect.Before at the bottom of April, enter seawater half pond with 80 eye mesh screens, use the grave closing gate.In whole summer, quantity of exchanged water is controlled in 10%.Up to autumn water temperature be lower than 18 ℃ and can strengthen and change water.

Four, select healthy anosis shrimp seedling, support temporarily through special pond and observe, long about 3 centimeters of body is thrown at the beginning of 6 months approximately at the end of May.Every mu of 4000--7000 tail.

Five, shrimp, fish, crab are raised together with, and prawn is stablized a period of time after putting seedling, raise together with mud crab or swimming crab, Japan for every mu

30--200 only, also can every mu raise together with one age in winter river Puffer or black porgy 30-100 tail, raise together with all kinds of fish crabs and both can reach the biological control prawn virus disease, can receive high economic benefit again.

Six, efficient virus-free bait throws something and feeds and medical treatment, comprise the dried bait of cooperation of full price, the trash fish shrimp of high-temperature sterilization, the shellfish of fresh water fresh food, Pest-or disease-free area, clam worm etc., particularly at the scallop skirt of severe winter and spring processing, be proved to be the fresh bait material of highly effective and safe cheapness, medical treatment mainly is to add antibiotic and antiviral drugs VBR in cooperating dried bait.

Seven, prolong prawn mating season, improve mating rate, improve the value of commercial sized prawn.The inventor was used for prawn with the winter warm type plastic tunnel first from 1987 and survives the winter, and got permission patent of invention " seawater aquatic livestock wintering method " (patent No. 89105219.4), used till today.When mid-November, about 9 ℃ of open-air water temperatures went out shrimp, water temperature can keep about 16 ℃ in the booth, and the female shrimp of the not mating male shrimp of arranging in pairs or groups is put into the booth pond, prolongation mating one month.Go out the pond to mid-December, can improve mating rate 20%, not only improved the harvest yield of mating parent shrimp.The not female shrimp of mating and male shrimp are also because of calendar variation.Price doubles many. but also the shrimp alive market of having regulated winter.

Eight, the present invention is according to many principles.Take the multi-method integrated use, effectively prevented breaking out of prawn virus disease, foster shrimp good harvest in continuous 4 years has obtained very outstanding economic and social benefits and ecological benefits, this itself is transplanting, grafting and new combination to science and technology, has created brand-new foster shrimp pattern.

Fig. 1 is the shrimp pond plane before transforming

Fig. 2 is an improved shrimp pond group plane.

Embodiment: the inventor transforms 50 mu in shrimp pond during 1993-1997, be divided into 13 also little, according to the principle of six disease-resistant synergies, 12 kinds of methods of integrated use are supported shrimp.(1) pathogeny of cut-out parental generation longitudinal propagation, (1) selects healthy anosis shrimp seedling; (2) pathogeny of horizontal transmission during cut-out is cultured, (2) thoroughly clear pond sterilization; (3) before at the bottom of April, store water, sealing shrimp pond; (4) throw something and feed in spite of illness poison, bait efficiently, particularly the scallop skirt of Winter-Spring processing freezes product.(3) improve shrimp pond ecological environment, (5) rare every mu of 3000--7000 tail of seedling of putting.(6) every first quarter moon uses a photosynthetic bacteria.(7) use the moving water of Jet-flow oxygen increasing pump.(4) carry out the physics and chemistry biological control.(8) add 1 ‰ antibiotic and 1 ‰ antiviral agent VBR in dried bait, (9) utilize dark pond underground water and other freshwater sources desalination (10) every mu only to raise together with mud crab 100--200, freshwater fish 30--50 tail.(5) according to separation principle (11) 50 mu of shrimp ponds are divided into 13 Xiao Chi.(6) prolong mating season, improve mating rate, increase the benefit.(12) adopt the winter warm type plastic tunnel, the prawn mating rate is brought up to more than 90% by 70%.Commodity shrimp alive is sold by the end of December, and price is enhanced about more than once.Implement to support 50 mu of shrimps, received close shrimp 8000 tails in 94 years, 100,000 yuan of net incomes were received close shrimp 9316 tails, 130,000 yuan of net incomes in 95 years; Received close shrimp 25311 tails in 96 years, 450,000 yuan of net incomes; Received close shrimp 53226 tails in 97 years, 1,040,000 yuan of net incomes.

Claims

1, the prevention method of a kind of Chinese prawn parent shrimp mature stage virus disease. comprise the transformation of shrimp pond, the sterilization of thoroughly clear pond, select health young shrimp, implement sealing, semiclosed Guan Shui, shrimpfish crab raise together with, select bait to feed, prolong prawn mating season, raising mating rate and economic benefit.

It is characterized in that:

(1) transform in said shrimp pond. and be the pond of existing 3O mu-100 mu to be made into 3 mu-20 mu pond, the preferably pond of 5-10 mu.The rice to 2-3.5 is deepened in the pond of 2 meters of existing dark less thaies.

(2) said thoroughly clear pond sterilization is after the thorough desilting again at the bottom of the water flushing tank, stirs draining-off sewage, then kills all biologies in the pond with bleaching powder.

(3) the said health young shrimp of selecting for use is that the close shrimp of investigation can not come the spontaneous shrimp pond of crossing virus disease, the shrimp shoot survival percent height of nursery pond, and dead seedling does not appear in foster temporarily the observing in the special pond of warp about 3 centimeters.

(4) said sealing, semiclosed Guan Shui are before April, prawn disease did not arrive, and include half pond seawater at Zhongquan, shrimp pond storage underground water with by 80 eye mesh screens, sealing shrimp pond, after seven August epidemic diseases. add in the water 10% at every turn, when water temperature is reduced to below 18 ℃, just can strengthen and change water.

(5) said shrimpfish crab is raised together with, and is river Puffer or the black porgy of raising together with last year in the shrimp pond, and every mu of 30-100 tail is raised together with then mud crab, swimming crab or Japan

Every mu of 30-200 only.

2, feed according to the described selection bait of claim l, the full price mixed bait that it is characterized in that throwing something and feeding adds the refrigeration scallop skirt that antibiotic and antiviral agent VBR, the particularly early spring process,

3, prolongation prawn according to claim 1 mating season, improve mating rate and economic benefit, it is characterized in that adopting winter warm type plastic tunnel pond, when receiving shrimp mid-November, the female shrimp of the not mating male shrimp of arranging in pairs or groups is put into the booth pond, prolong 1 month mating season, improve mating rate about 20%, and make commodity shrimp alive obtain very high seasonal variations in price.

4, the prevention method of Chinese prawn parent shrimp mature stage virus disease according to claim 1, it is characterized in that to form mating parent shrimp be target, the integrated use of many principles multi-method, effectively preventing virus disease breaks out, be transplanting, dowry and the new combination of science and technology, created the foster shrimp pattern of new high efficiency.