CN1220625A - 机床的主轴 - Google Patents

机床的主轴 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1220625A
CN1220625A CN98800384.8A CN98800384A CN1220625A CN 1220625 A CN1220625 A CN 1220625A CN 98800384 A CN98800384 A CN 98800384A CN 1220625 A CN1220625 A CN 1220625A
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Prior art keywords
main shaft
spindle
knife bar
dress knife
hole
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CN1118347C (zh
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桥立昭武
菅原正见
三泽启太
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Sodick Co Ltd
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Sodick Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02Chucks
    • B23B31/24Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/26Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle
    • B23B31/261Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank
    • B23B31/263Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank by means of balls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/04Arrangements preventing overload of tools, e.g. restricting load
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/309352Cutter spindle or spindle support
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/309352Cutter spindle or spindle support
    • Y10T409/309408Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder
    • Y10T409/309464Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder and draw bar

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

具有贯通孔和锥形内面的机床主轴1是由陶瓷制成的单一圆筒体。上述贯通孔可以收容安装把持装刀杆(31)的筒夹(30)和安装有筒夹(30)的拉杆(27),上述锥形内面保持着装刀杆。该单一圆筒体包含有键(5)和一组长孔(2),上述键(5)可以配合在装刀杆(31)的键沟,上述一组长孔(2)中贯穿了使拉杆(27)沿主轴(1)的轴线方向移动的销(24)。主轴(1)最好由氮化硅陶瓷制成,具有外径的0.1倍以上、长度的0.02倍以上的厚度。

Description

机床的主轴
本发明涉及机床的主轴,特别是涉及向刀具传递高速转动力的机床的主轴。
为了提高象机械加工中心那样的机床的切削速度,就希望固定刀具并向刀具传递转动力的主轴高速转动。为实现主轴的高速转动,就必须考虑例如轴承的润滑及冷却,和包含主轴的转动部分的动态平衡;并且提高主轴的静态刚性和动态刚性,及减小其热变形和惯性力也是重要的。
通常主轴的所有部分或者大部分是由碳素钢和合金钢制成的,比重大的钢制主轴在快速加速和快速减速时受到较大的惯性力的限制,因此,为减小惯性力就希望在不牺牲强度的情况下减小主轴的重量。
具有保持装刀杆的锥形内面的陶瓷制筒状体被结合在钢制主轴主体上,这种机床主轴已为众所周知,但是热膨胀率不同的两构件的结合可能会松动。
本发明的目的在于提供可以快速加速和快速减速的重量轻的主轴。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供热膨胀率小而且均匀的主轴。
本发明的再一个目的,在以下的说明中一部分一部分地进行叙述,在实践本发明过程中,从业人员会逐步了解到。
为达到上述目的本发明的机床的主轴只是一个由陶瓷制成的圆筒体。上述的主轴具有可以收容把持装刀杆的贯通孔,并具有保持装刀杆的锥形内面。
该单一圆筒体最好由氮化硅陶瓷制成。
该单一圆筒体最好具有可配合于装刀杆的键沟的键。
主轴的厚度最好是外直径的0.1倍以上,长度的0.02倍以上。
图面的简单说明
图1是本发明主轴的正面图。图2是本发明的主轴的纵向截面图。
图3是本发明的主轴的立体图。图4是使用本发明的主轴的机械加工中心头部的纵向截面图。
本发明的实施形态,
参照图1、图2以及图3说明利用本发明的机床主轴的一个实施例。
本发明的主轴1只由一个圆筒体所构成,该圆筒体具有收容装刀杆的把持工具的贯通孔。该主轴1的所有部分都是由陶瓷所构成。该陶瓷与钢相比较重量轻,杨氏模量大、耐腐蚀性高、耐磨损性高、耐热性高、热膨胀率小。
在图2、图3中,主轴1上端利用适当的联轴节可以与马达的转动轴相连接,其下端可以结合在装刀杆上。在主轴的上端形成以该轴线相对称的一组长孔2。各长孔2沿主轴1的轴线方向延伸。销或者棒状体利用这一组长孔2可以穿过主轴1并可沿主轴1的轴线方向移动。如图2所示,主轴1为保持装刀杆具有向其下端扩张的锥形内面3,抵接装刀杆的锥形内面3直接承受向图2的上方拉引装刀杆的力。因此为了不使主轴1的下端的厚度比其它部分减小,所以在主轴1的下端形成了外径更大的法兰盘部4。相对于主轴1下端开口直径43mm,法兰盘部4具有27mm的长度和70mm的外径。在法兰盘部4的外圆周形成空气滞留部4A。配合在形成于装刀杆的键沟内的2个键5在法兰盘部4的下面形成。如图3所示在法兰盘部4的下面形成多个装配平衡块的孔6。法兰盘部4以外的部分9A、9B、9C大约具有60mm的外径和300mm的长度。但是为了使将轴承邻接于法兰盘部4而热压配合在主轴1上的作业容易进行,主轴上的中央部分9B的外径比与9B相邻的部分9A和9C稍微小一些,例如小0.05mm。如图2的图解说明那样,在主轴1的中央部分形成其内径变化的阶梯部7。从该阶梯部7到锥形内面3间的直筒内面8A部分主轴1的内径最小,大约是40mm,而此处的外径为60mm。主轴1具有从该阶梯部7开始的规定长度的直筒内面8B。为了使把持装刀杆的构件更容易地插入贯通孔,从直线形内面8B开始形成稍微向主轴1的上端扩张的锥形内面8C。为确保充分的强度,主轴1的厚度必须是外径的0.1倍以上且为长度的0.02倍以上。具体地说,在9A、9B、9C的部分厚度必须是外径60mm的0.1倍以上,且为长度300mm的0.02倍以上。为了使主轴1与其他构件接触时不产生缺裂,在拐角部作成圆角。如图2中所表示的,例如,贯通孔的周缘,长孔2的各开口边缘、法兰盘4的圆周边缘,以及键5的拐角均作成适当的圆形。
主轴1最好由氮化硅陶瓷制成,因为氮化硅陶瓷即使在陶瓷中也是强度、耐热冲击性以及耐磨损性都很优异。氧化铝陶瓷虽然硬度高重量小,但是弯曲强度低。特别是在受到冲击时,容易破损断裂。氧化锆陶瓷具有高强度和低热传导率,但是其具有较大的密度对减轻主轴重量不利。碳化硅陶瓷虽然具有低的热传导率,但是机械强度低。
以下说明主轴1的制造方法的一个实施例。
首先将氮化硅(Si3N4)的粉末与Al2O3、SiO2或者AIN的烧结辅助剂相混合。再在其混合物中加入Be、SrO等材料即可。其混合材料利用等静压成形(アィソスタティックプレス)法形成具有贯通孔的主轴。该成形体利用常压烧结法以及气体介质加压烧结法进行烧结,为了使主轴1的密度及强度保持均一,最好使烧结中的主轴的轴线沿铅直方向地将主轴吊挂在炉内,在此种状态下使加热气体通过主轴的贯通孔。使用金刚石刀具的车削加工对烧结体进行加工后,再进行退火处理。
因为主轴1的所有部分都是由氮化硅陶瓷制成的,所以其重量大约是钢制主轴的1/3,非常轻。并且因为主轴1是只由一种材料构成的单体,所以不包含可能成为强度降低原因的结合部。
参照图4说明本发明的主轴所适用的机械加工中心的头部。
马达11以其转动轴12与主轴1同轴配置的状态接在筒状框架10的上端。马达11的转动轴12形成导入加压空气以及冷却剂的孔12A,连接板21固定在转动轴12上。圆筒联轴节22。以其上端结合连接板21,在其下端形成配合主轴1上端的凹部。在圆筒联轴节22的下端形成对应于主轴1的长孔2的长孔。销24可以沿主轴1的轴线方向相对于主轴1以及圆筒联轴节22移动。销24的两端固定在环状板23上,环状板23被设于圆筒联轴节22的外圆周。这样马达11的转动力借助转动轴12、连接板21、圆筒联轴节22以及销24传递到主轴1。连接杆25利用其一端可以沿其轴线方向移动地配合到转动轴12上,利用其另一端固定在连接构件26上。连接构件26具有配合销24的贯通孔,并螺纹配合在拉杆27的上端。拉杆27具有冷却剂供给用的孔27A,该孔27A利用分别在连接杆25、连接构件26以及销24上所形成的冷却剂供给用孔,与转动轴12的孔12A连通。把持装刀杆31牵引凸头的筒夹30安装在拉杆27的下端。卡圈29被固定在主轴1的阶梯部7上。推压拉杆27的盘状弹簧28设于该卡圈29与连接构件26之间。销24克服盘状弹簧28的弹力,例如如果用气压缸进行推压,筒夹30就放开了装刀杆31。
覆盖主轴1的套筒13被固定在筒状框架10上。形成了用于导入冷却剂的孔18A的环状喷嘴法兰被安装在套筒13的外圆周。密封法兰19包围着主轴1的凸缘部4,安装在套筒13的下端。主轴1利用具有陶瓷球的上侧以及下侧的角轴承14以及15进行支承。在该角轴承14及15之间设置内圈垫圈16以及外圈垫圈17。分级套筒(ステツプドスリ-ブ)20安装在主轴1的外圆周。与套筒13一起接受轴承14所给与的压力。
例如安装圆头槽铣刀刀具的主轴1以0.2秒达到6000rpm,以0.4秒达到10000rpm。并且主轴1的温度上升在24小时连续工作后也只在3度以内。
不仅限于本发明所示的模式,参照上述叙述可以进行许多改良及变更。
所述的实施例是为了说明发明的本质及其实际的应用而选择的,发明的范围由附加的专利权利要求范围进行定义。

Claims (5)

1.一种机床的主轴,其特征在于它具有保持装刀杆的锥形内面、可以收容把持装刀杆的构件的、由陶瓷制成的单一圆筒体。
2.按权利要求1所记述的主轴,其特征在于,上述单一圆筒体由氮化硅陶瓷制成。
3.按权利要求1所记述的主轴,其特征在于,它具有可配合于装刀杆的键沟的部分。
4.按权利要求1所记述的主轴,其特征在于,形成有以转动轴相对称且分别沿转动轴的方向延伸的一组长孔。
5.按权利要求1所记述的主轴,其特征在于,主轴的厚度是外径的0.1倍以上,且为长度的0.02倍以上。
CN98800384A 1997-03-28 1998-03-27 机床的主轴 Expired - Fee Related CN1118347C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9095172A JPH10277803A (ja) 1997-03-28 1997-03-28 工作機械の主軸及び主軸装置
JP95172/97 1997-03-28
JP95172/1997 1997-03-28

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CN1220625A true CN1220625A (zh) 1999-06-23
CN1118347C CN1118347C (zh) 2003-08-20

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CN98800384A Expired - Fee Related CN1118347C (zh) 1997-03-28 1998-03-27 机床的主轴

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US (1) US6174115B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0920940A4 (zh)
JP (1) JPH10277803A (zh)
CN (1) CN1118347C (zh)
WO (1) WO1998043764A1 (zh)

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CN100436009C (zh) * 2006-11-02 2008-11-26 沈阳建筑大学 一种热等静压氮化硅全陶瓷电主轴及其制造方法
CN102974846A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2013-03-20 无锡博华机电有限公司 电主轴转子松拉刀复合限位减振机构

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