CN1219971C - 操作风力设备的方法和风力设备 - Google Patents

操作风力设备的方法和风力设备 Download PDF

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CN1219971C
CN1219971C CNB018115594A CN01811559A CN1219971C CN 1219971 C CN1219971 C CN 1219971C CN B018115594 A CNB018115594 A CN B018115594A CN 01811559 A CN01811559 A CN 01811559A CN 1219971 C CN1219971 C CN 1219971C
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阿洛伊斯·沃本
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Alois Woben
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/42—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output to obtain desired frequency without varying speed of the generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/10—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for water-driven turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种操作风力设备的方法，该风力设备具有一个发电机，该发电机能够被转子驱动，以将电能传送到与该风力设备相连的电网。本发明还涉及一种风力设备，其包括一转子和一发电机，该发电机联接到转子以将电能传送到用电装置，尤其是电网。本发明的目的是：当风力设备被连接到电网时，消除上述的问题。一种操作具有用以将电能传送到电网的发电机的风力设备的方法，其特征在于：根据电网的网频来调整或调节通过发电机传送到电网的电能。

Description

操作风力设备的 方法和风力设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种操作具有风力设备(wind power installation)的方法，该风力设备具有一个发电机，该发电机将电能传送到与该风力设备相连的电网。本发明还涉及一种风力设备，其包括一电机和一与该转子联接以将电能传送到用电装置、尤其是电网的发电机。
背景技术
在弱电(岛)网的情况下，当一个较大的用电装置从电网中分离出时，网频会急剧(突然)升高。例如柴油机、水轮机等的驱动机需要一些时间以便随后减少它们的(机械和电)功率。在这段时间中，发电机产生的能量比从电网中带走的多。那些能量随后消耗用于加速发电机。这意味着旋转速度升高，网频也随之升高。
许多与电网相连的电设备，例如计算机、电机等，并不是针对波动的网频或其中的突然变化而设计的，波动的网频或其中的突然变化可能对电动机械造成损坏，甚至使其毁坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除当风力设备与电网联接时的上述问题。
根据本发明，该目的是通过一种操作风力设备的方法实现的，这种风力设备具有用以将电能传送到电网的发电机，以及具有一个与发电机相联接的转子，转子具有能进行间距控制的多个转子叶片，其中该方法根据电网的网频来调整或调节通过发电机传送到电网的能量，如果网频超过其所需值3‰，则减小风力设备传入电网的能量。
根据本发明，该目的还可以通过一种用以执行上述方法的风力设备来实现，所述设备包括一转子和一发电机，该发电机与该转子联接以将电能传送到电网，转子具有能进行间距控制的多个转子叶片，其中，该风力设备包括一调整装置，该调整装置具有一个频率拾取器，用以测量供给电网的电压或电流的频率，并且，根据频率拾取器所测量的网频来调节被发电机传送到电网的能量，风力设备在网频超过其所需值3‰时，减小传入电网的能量。
根据本发明，提出了：如果风力设备工作在这样的弱电网中，则根据网频的升高来控制它们的(机械和)电能。这是为了防止网频进一步升高或降低网频。
附图说明
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行更为详细的描述。在附图中：
图1示出了风力设备的频率/能量时间曲线；
图2示出了风力设备的侧视图；
图3示出了风力设备中由微处理器控制的反相换流器的电路框图；
图4说明了风力设备的一种调整装置；
图5说明了风力设备和电网的联接；和
图6示出了图3的另一种布局方案。
具体实施方式
图1示出了对风力设备的要求：使其输出功率p随着电网的频率f而减小。数值100％在这里表示的是电网的参考频率(50Hz，60Hz)。数值100.6％和数值100.2％分别针对的是更高的网频值。
在例如网频升高0.6％(即是说，100.6％)时，风力设备的电功率还没有被向下调整。如果此后网频仍然升高，则该风力设备的电功率随后被调整变小。在所示的实施例中，风力设备的电功率随着网频升高到102％而被调整到零功率。
图2示出了风力设备1的侧视图；
图3示出了满足该要求的风力设备的实施例。该风力设备具有可调的转子叶片(转子叶片的倾斜角控制)，这样风力设备的机械能可被调整变小。例如，如果调整转子叶片相对风的迎角，则作用在转子叶片上的力也随后被减小到所需的值。发电机的交流电通过整流器2被整流并通过电容3被平流。反相换流器4随后将直流电压转变为被传送到电网L1，L2，L3的交流电。该输出电流的频率由电网决定。包括微处理器的调整装置5测量网频并控制反相换流器的电源开关，使得输出频率与电网电压(网频)一致。如上所述，如果电网频率升高，则电功率随后被调整减小，如图1所示。
图6示出了根据本发明的调整装置。示意性画出的风力设备的转子与发电机G(用标号12指示)联接，发电机G根据风速和相应的风能来提供电能。由发电机G产生的交流电压首先被整流，随后通过反相换流器被转变为频率与网频一致的交流电压。电网馈入处的网频由网频拾取器确定。一旦网频超过一预定值，参见图1，则减小被馈入的电能以抵消网频的进一步升高。相应地，电网的网频通过调整装置被调整到所需的网频值，或至少防止了其进一步升高。
通过按上面的调节方式将风力设备传送的能量供给电网，能够避免或极大程度地减小网频波动。
图5说明了风力设备1联如何接到电网6，其中，由风力设备1所产生的电能在馈入点21被传送到电网中。与电网相连的是多个用电装置8，这些用电装置在图示例中以房屋的形式示意性地示出。
图4示出了在某种程度上与图3不同的控制-调整装置的关键件。该控制和调整装置有一整流器16，在发电机12中产生的交流电在该整流器中被整流。与整流器相连的频率转换器18将直流电压转换为交流电压，该直流电压首先在中间电路中被整流，该交流电压以三相交流电压的形式通过线路L1，L2，L3被供给电网6。通过微机控制频率转换器，该微机是整个调整装置中的一部分。为了这一目的，微处理器(μP)20被联接到频率转换器上。在将风力设备所能产生的电能馈入电网的位置处，调整电压的输入参数是此时的电网电压、电网频率f、发电机的电功率p、电抗性的电功率因数cosφ和电功率梯度dP/dt。该微处理器根据本发明来执行的电压调整，按其所需的电网频率馈入该电压。

Claims (4)

1.一种操作风力设备的方法，该风力设备具有用以将电能传送到电网的发电机，其中，该风力设备具有一个与发电机相联接的转子，转子具有能进行倾斜角控制的多个转子叶片，其特征在于：根据电网的网频来调整或调节通过发电机传送到电网的能量，如果网频超过其所需值3‰，则减小风力设备传入电网的能量。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：随着网频进一步增加，发电机供给电网的能量继续减小。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：如果网频超过其所需值6‰，则减小风力设备传入的能量。
4.一种用以执行根据前述权利要求任一项的方法的风力设备，包括一转子和一发电机，该发电机与该转子联接以将电能传送到电网，其中，转子具有能进行倾斜角控制的多个转子叶片，其特征在于：该风力设备包括一调整装置，该调整装置具有一个频率拾取器，用以测量供给电网的电压或电流的频率，并且，根据频率拾取器所测量的网频来调节被发电机传送到电网的能量，风力设备在网频超过其所需值3‰时，减小传入电网的能量。
CNB018115594A 2000-05-11 2001-03-31 操作风力设备的方法和风力设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1219971C (zh)

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