CN1207715A - 从堆垛分离片状材料的设备和方法 - Google Patents

从堆垛分离片状材料的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN1207715A
CN1207715A CN96199750A CN96199750A CN1207715A CN 1207715 A CN1207715 A CN 1207715A CN 96199750 A CN96199750 A CN 96199750A CN 96199750 A CN96199750 A CN 96199750A CN 1207715 A CN1207715 A CN 1207715A
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卡尔·勒索尔德
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Abstract

一种从堆垛(10)中分离片状材料的设备,堆垛放置在一个可动的压力平台(20)上,通过这个可动压力平台,将堆垛喂进到一个取出机构(30)。堆垛(10)压靠取出机构(30)的压力取决于堆垛(10)的密度。通过一个密度传感器来确定密度,这个密度传感器在分离过程中连续确定至少在取出机构区域中堆垛的密度。

Description

从堆垛分离片状材料 的设备和方法
本发明涉及一种从堆垛分离片状材料例如纸币的设备和方法。
现有技术已经有了这种装置,例如DE-OS 34 47 777所公开的一种技术是这样的:堆垛放在一个可动压力平台上,这个可动压力平台将堆垛喂进到一个取出机构。这个取出机构,连同其他的一些东西一道,包括一个送料机构,一个保持机构,一个分离滚筒,和一个保持滚筒。分离片状材料时,压力平台向取出机构移动,直到将堆垛以一个很小的压力压紧在送料机构上。然后,由送料机构朝着分离滚筒的方向,将堆垛的相应的最上面的片状材料送出,分离滚筒就将这些片状材料从堆垛分离出来。
这种设置的一个不足之处在于,堆垛压紧在送料机构上的很小的压力在整个分离过程中不能保持恒定。这就会阻碍一些堆垛分离出片材,特别是对于由磨损了的片状材料组成的堆垛,例如由有波浪折边或在不同地方起皱了的纸币组成的堆垛。
在上述现有技术的基础上,本发明的目的是提供一种分离片状材料的设备和方法,其中,在整个分离过程中,片状材料的堆垛以一个最佳压力压紧在取出机构的送料机构上。
本发明的目的可由主权利要求所述的技术特征来实现。
本发明的基本构思实质上在于,在分离过程中,以连续的方式至少在取出机构的区域中通过密度传感器来确定堆垛的厚度,以及借助于控制装置,根据确定的密度以最佳方式来匹配或调节压力平台与取出机构之间的距离。在这方面,确定出的在取出机构区域中的纸币堆的密度是堆垛压靠取出机构的压力的一个量度。
这种设备的优点在于,确定的密度本质上取决于堆垛最上面片状材料的状态。与密度成比例的压力因此在堆垛的整个分离过程中能保持恒定。用这种方法,就这方面而言,堆垛上还有多少片状材料或者压力平台和取出机构之间的绝对距离有多远都是无关紧要的。当堆垛压靠取出机构的压力太低时,通过减小压力平台和取出机构间的距离就能很容易地把压力提高。万一压力太高,可通过增加压力平台和取出机构的距离来减小压力。用这种方法,形成了一个动态控制环,保证了堆垛压靠取出机构的压力的性恒定,而无论堆垛的状态或厚度如何。
在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,密度传感器包括一个空气喷嘴,向堆垛的片状材料间吹气并引起片状材料振动。振动发出噪音,噪音通过一个传声器来检测。控制装置从检测出的噪音来确定堆垛的密度。
本发明进一步的技术特征和实施例可以从从属权利要求里得到。下面,结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明,其中:
图1是本发明一个实施例的示意图;
图2是本实施例沿A-A线的剖视图;
图3是本实施例沿B-B线的剖视图;
图4是本实施例沿C-C线的剖视图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的侧视图。堆垛10由许多片状材料组成,这里示出的片状材料呈波浪形。堆垛10放在一个可动压力平台20上,借助于可动压力平台20堆垛10喂进到取出机构30。取出机构30包括一个送料机构31,一个保持机构32,一个分离滚筒33,以及一个保持滚筒34。
为了从堆垛10中分离出最上面的片状材料,片状材料通过送料机构31朝着分离滚筒的方向运送,这个送料机构例如可以设计成气动平台(aircunducting plate)。分离滚筒抓住最上面的片状材料并从堆垛10中抽出。而和堆垛10中被抽出的最上面的片材相邻的片状材料被保持机构32挡住。如果送料机构31沿朝着分离滚筒33的方向输送了若干片片状材料,另外设置有保持滚筒34,以便把和被分离的最上面片状材料相邻的片材转送回堆垛10。
接着,将由取出机构30分离出的片状材料,例如如图所示,输送到一个运输系统40。运输系统40主要包括一个运输滚筒41,该滚筒41用于使运输皮带42运转。为了进行运输,片状材料夹在运输皮带42之间。
借助于控制装置21的帮助,通过上下移动压力平台20可改变压力平台20和取出机构30之间的距离D。在整个分离过程中,为了以最佳方式调整距离D,堆垛10的密度至少在取出机构30的区域中在分离期间连续地确定出。为了确定这个密度,各种各样的密度传感器的实施例在这里同时进行了图解说明。通常,选择其中任何一个在下文提到的密度传感器就足够了。
图2表示的是沿图1实施例A-A线截取的剖视图。在密度传感器的一个最佳实施例里,通过一个空气喷嘴50,向堆垛10的片材间吹入空气。由于有空气吹进,引起堆垛10的片材振动。由片材振动产生的噪音通过一个传声器60来检测。传声器60最好是和空气喷嘴50安放在堆垛10的同一侧。当然,将传声器60安放在堆垛10的另一侧也是可行的。如图1所示,空气喷嘴可以沿着片材垛10的整个长度延伸,这样也可以采用若干个传声器60来检测层状材料振动发出的噪音。
在通过一个或若干个传声器60检测出的噪音的基础上,控制装置连续地确定出堆垛10的密度。根据确定出的密度,控制装置21连续地调节压力平台20和取出机构30之间的距离D,于是以最佳方式将堆垛10推靠于取出机构30上。
在第二个实施例中,密度传感器同样包括一个空气喷嘴50和一个气压传感器70,它们分别设置在堆垛10的两侧。气压传感器70检测通过堆垛10的空气的压力。通过控制装置21,堆垛10的密度于是根据检测出的压力连续地被确定出来,距离D以最佳方式得到调节。在这里,用一个或多个气压传感器70都是可行的。相应地,气压传感器70的数量和布置根据设备来进行优化。
图3是沿图1B-B线的剖视图,图解了另一种密度传感器的实施例。这种密度传感器包括一个光源80和一个光传感器81,它们分别被设置在堆垛10的两侧。为了测得密度,光源从堆垛10的一侧发射光,光传感器81检测穿过堆垛10的光。于是根据检测出的光来确定堆垛10的密度,距离D以最佳方式得到调节。
所用光源,除普通的发光系统,如白炽灯或发光二极管(LED)外,也可以是发光二极管组。光传感器可以包括例如一个光电二极管,光电二极管组(array)或一个电荷耦合器件(CCD)组。
可通过使用例如一个发光二极管组和一个光电二极管组来确定堆垛10不同部位上的密度。例如,在分离期间堆垛10下部出现极有可能引起干扰的密度的情况下,为了消除这种密度,可早期采取措施。一些这样的措施从现有技术中可得到。当然,如果需要的话,可以设计其他一些上文所讨论过的组列形式的密度传感器的实施例。
图4是图1是C-C线剖视图。在这个密度传感器的图解实施例中,设置了一个电荷耦合摄象机(CCD camera)90,生成堆垛10片状材料侧缘的图像。根据这一图像,通过记数确定出处于取出机构30区域中的片状材料侧缘的数量。堆垛10的密度根据每个区域中的片状材料侧缘的数目得以确定。
除了生成影像所需的电荷耦合器件外,电荷耦合摄象机还可包括一个光照系统,照亮片状材料的侧缘。最好采用一个线性的电荷耦合摄影机(CCDline camera),如果必要的话可沿着整个堆垛1 0延伸以便也能确定例如堆垛10下部的密度。

Claims (12)

1.一种从堆垛中分离片状材料例如纸币的装置,包括一个可动的压力平台,堆垛放在这个压力平台上,通过这个可动压力平台将堆垛喂进到取出机构,取出机构每次把堆垛最上边的片状材料分离出来,其特征在于:
设置有密度传感器(50,60,70,80,81),密度传感器在分离的过程中连续地确定所述堆垛(10)的至少在取出机构(30)区域中的密度;以及
设置有控制装置(21),该控制装置根据确定出的密度控制所述压力平台(20)和取出装置(30)之间的距离,从而所述堆垛(10)以最佳方式被推靠于所述取出装置(30)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述密度传感器(50,60)至少包括以下装置:
一个空气喷嘴(30),在所述堆垛(10)的片状材料间吹入空气并使堆垛(10)的片状材料振动;以及
一个传声器(60),检测所述堆垛(10)的片状材料的振动所发出的噪音。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述密度传感器(50,70)至少包括以下装置:
一个空气喷嘴(50),从堆垛(10)的一侧向堆垛(10)的片状材料间喷入空气;
一个气压传感器(70),放在堆垛(10)另一侧,检测吹过堆垛(10)的空气的压力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述密度传感器(80,81)至少包括以下装置:
一个光源(80),在一侧照射所述堆垛(10),
一个光传感器(81),在堆垛(10)另一侧检测穿过堆垛(10)的光。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,所述光源(80)包括一个发光二极管组。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,所述光传感器(81)包括一个光电二极管组或一个电荷耦合器件组。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述密度传感器(80,81)至少包括以下装置:
一光电耦合摄象机(90),用于产生所述堆垛(10)片状材料侧缘的图像。
8.一种从堆垛中分离片状材料例如纸币的方法,其中
将堆垛(10)放在一个压力平台(20)上;
通过所述压力平台(20)把堆垛(10)喂进到取出机构(30);
取出机构(30)每次把堆垛(10)最上面的片状材料分离出来,
其特征在于:
在分离过程中连续地确定堆垛(10)的至少在所述取出机构(30)区域中的密度;以及
根据确定出的密度,调节所述压力平台(20)和取出机构(30)之间的距离(D),从而所述堆垛(10)以最佳方式被推靠于取出机构(30)上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,为了确定所述堆垛(10)的密度,至少要进行以下几个步骤:
在所述堆垛(10)的片状材料间吹入空气,从而引起堆垛(10)的片状材料振动;
检测堆垛(10)的片状材料由于振动而产生的噪音;
根据检测出的噪音来确定堆垛(10)的密度。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,为确定所述堆垛(10)的密度,至少要进行以下几个步骤:
在所述堆垛(10)的片状材料间吹入空气;
检测穿过所述堆垛(10)的空气的压力;以及
根据测出的压力确定所述堆垛(10)的密度。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,为了确定所述堆垛(10)的密度,至少要进行以下几个步骤:
用光从侧面照射所述堆垛(10)的片状材料;
检测穿过所述堆垛(10)的光;
由检测出的光确定所述堆垛(10)的密度。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,为确定所述堆垛(10)的密度,至少要进行以下几个步骤:
产生所述堆垛(10)片状材料侧缘的图像;
根据产生的图像,通过记数确定片状材料侧缘的数量,
根据片状材料侧缘的数量确定所述堆垛(10)的密度。
CN96199750A 1995-11-23 1996-11-22 从堆垛分离片状材料的设备和方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1070149C (zh)

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ATE220038T1 (de) 2002-07-15
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