CN1205404C - 改进了的重质原油的开采和输送方法 - Google Patents
改进了的重质原油的开采和输送方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1205404C CN1205404C CN00103678.5A CN00103678A CN1205404C CN 1205404 C CN1205404 C CN 1205404C CN 00103678 A CN00103678 A CN 00103678A CN 1205404 C CN1205404 C CN 1205404C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- amine
- alkyl
- heavy crude
- mixture
- viscosity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanamine Chemical compound CC(C)CN KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 68
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-aminopropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)N WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical class NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- AAIUWVOMXTVLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8,8-dimethylnonan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCCN AAIUWVOMXTVLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAIUFBWHERIJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylheptane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)CC LAIUFBWHERIJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylpiperazine Chemical compound NCCN1CCNCC1 IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPTUPAVOBUEXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-hydroxy-2-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)CP(O)(O)=O VPTUPAVOBUEXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWKVFRNCODQPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-aminoethylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CNCCN CWKVFRNCODQPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCYRFWNGRMRJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpiperazine Chemical compound CCN1CCNCC1 WGCYRFWNGRMRJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAKUKXKZEXFXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpiperidin-3-amine Chemical compound CCN1CCCC(N)C1 WAKUKXKZEXFXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006039 1-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006023 1-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCBIFHNDZBSCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 ZCBIFHNDZBSCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVXIQVXKXBYVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.CC(=O)CC(=O)C(F)(F)F YVXIQVXKXBYVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYFSYONDMQEGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2-dihydroxyethylamino)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(O)CNCC(O)=O TYFSYONDMQEGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006024 2-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXJBCMWIAPDWAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperidin-4-ylethanamine Chemical class NCCC1CCNCC1 PXJBCMWIAPDWAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPQIPUZPSLAZDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridylethylamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=CC=N1 XPQIPUZPSLAZDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJAZCKUGLFWINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O CJAZCKUGLFWINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPBNQTRHMAXPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1h-imidazol-2-one Chemical compound NCCN1C=CNC1=O IPBNQTRHMAXPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPVVMXMTSODFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-(3-methylbutyl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCNCCC(C)C SPVVMXMTSODFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZUUZPAYWFIBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Chemical compound NC1=NNC(S)=N1 WZUUZPAYWFIBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000009261 D 400 Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylamine Natural products CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
新型的胺-螯合物配合物适用于显著地降低重质原油的粘度,促进这类重质原油的开采和输送。该胺-螯合物配合物通过将有机胺和螯合剂一起加热而制成。
Description
本发明一般涉及石油生产和输送的领域。具体而言,本发明涉及利用某些胺-螯合物配合物来显著地降低重质原油的粘度。
重质原油(“HCO”或”HCOs”)构成全世界已知石油储量的很大部分。大型重质原油矿床位于哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、墨西哥和加拿大。在室温下,重质原油是高粘性的或固态的,按API(美国石油学会)的密度标度其具有的比重为20或更小。重质原油包括称为“焦油”、“石油沥青”或“油砂”的高分子量烃,例如在加拿大阿尔伯达省以Athabasca Tar Sands著称的矿床就是这样。相比之下,“常规的”或“轻质”原油,例如在中东发现的那些原油通常具有的API比重为37或更大。
除了比常规的原油更粘以外,某些重质原油还富含沥青质、金属和胶质。另一方面,重质原油的组成和物理特性有很大变化,许多重质原油通常还含有高含量的硫、氮、镍和钒,且富含容易反应而形成焦炭的缩合多芳烃化合物。重质原油中含有这类化合物会在原油的开采、输送、处理和精炼时导致各种问题。
为了经济可行地抽提和输送重质原油,必须将重质原油的流阻充分降低到能够使用尺寸适度的井筒、管道和抽油设备。一些降低流阻的常用方法包括:加热、稀释、油田局部升级、水乳化、润滑和芯-环状流动。通常采用在井场或其附近产生的蒸汽进行加热。
从含油地层开采重质原油的主要方法是蒸汽注入法,也称之为蒸汽驱油法。虽然有许多变更方法,然而,两种基本的方法是:“蒸汽吞吐”(或“推挽式的”),包括将蒸汽注入地层,交替地通过同一口井回采石油;和“蒸汽驱赶”,包括将蒸汽通过一口井(“注入井”)注入地层而从不同的井(“生产井”或“开采井”)生产石油。变更方法包括井的数量和类型以及其位置和构造。
蒸汽注入法通常用于开采重质原油,因为较小地增加重质原油的温度,导致其粘度较大地降低。另一方面也说明该方法有一些限制和问题。例如,它的成本很贵,而且必须将蒸汽发生器设置在注入井附近。此外,加热含油地层还会导致将围岩加热。第三,可以有效地实施蒸汽注入的井深有一个下限,因为当蒸汽向下进入井筒时,它会冷却和液化。井深的限制取决于井场处的具体条件,但通常约为2,000英尺(600米)。许多井是比较深的,通常以英里为单位测量。此外,随着蒸汽冷却并变为水,原油恢复到其原来的高粘性状态,由于呈油水乳状液形式的物质使所需的石油产品难以与其分离和精炼,从而使问题复杂化。
已经开发了另一些加热开采的方法,以便克服蒸汽注入法的某些不足。这些方法包括:采用设置在井底的燃气辐射管式加热器来加热含油地层;使用加热了的有机蒸气代替蒸汽来加热地层;就地放热反应(即,碱金属和水)。
另一种方法是通过用低粘性的烃例如凝析油、石脑油或其他溶剂稀释原油以降低其粘度。管道输送通常要求用轻烃稀释剂与原油混合以获得1000cps或更低的运动粘度;然而,补给稀释剂不足以满足预计的要求。
其他用于降低含油地层中重质原油粘度的化学方法包括使用溶剂和表面活性剂体系、某些高分子量的聚合物和多糖溶液。参阅例如美国专利4,687,586(Argabright等人)、美国专利4,425,246(Holzwarth等人)、美国专利4,192,755(Flournoy等人)和美国专利3,964,548(Schroeder Jr,等人)。与这些化学方法有关的主要问题是需要大量的溶剂(按体积计,通常约需重质原油的10-20%)。
美国专利5,876,018(Karydas)公开了在类似的矿脉中使用某种具有疏油和疏水基团的含氟化合物,任选与低粘度的稀释剂组合,以降低沥青质原油的粘度。
尽管有这些和许多其他的方法,然而高粘度和生成物缺乏流动性仍然是开采重质原油中存在的问题。此外,在从油砂中提取石油时,这些方法中有许多是无效的。最后,即使可以从地层中抽提重质原油,将重质原油从井场输送到精炼厂或贮存也常常是困难和耗费的。从井场输送的最普遍的方式是采用管道。对重质原油而言,必须将管道加热以便保持油的流动性。
因此,仍然需要有其他开采重质原油的方法,特别是这种抽提的方法也可以用来促进从井场输送原油。
本发明涉及通过将至少一种有机胺和至少一种螯合剂一起加热而形成的新型胺-螯合物配合物。本发明还包括用于降低重质原油粘度的组合物,该组合物包括0.01-50%(重量)的至少一种上述胺-螯合物配合物和一种有机溶剂。
本发明还涉及一种用于从含油地层中开采重质原油的方法,该含油地层具有至少一口穿入所述地层且与之流体连通的井,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)将降低粘度量的如上所述的胺-螯合物配合物注入井和地层中;(b)使胺-螯合物配合物分散到地层中;和(c)开采降低了粘度的原油。
在另一个方面中,本发明还涉及一种将重质原油的粘度降低到显著地不可逆状态的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将降低粘度量的本发明的胺-螯合物配合物添加到重质原油中,使胺-螯合物配合物分散在重质原油的各部分中。
本说明书中采用可互换的术语“原油(crude)”和“原油(crudeoil)”,它们指的是未精炼的石油。在整个说明书中使用以下缩写:mL=毫升;m=米;km=千米;g=克;wt%=%(重量);ppm=百万分率;rpm=每分钟转数;cps=厘泊;HOAc=乙酸;EDTA=乙二胺四乙酸;NTA=次氮基三乙酸。除非另有说明,所有数值范围(包括比例范围)均包括在内。
本发明的配合物一般通过将某种有机胺与某种螯合剂一起加热而形成。用来形成该配合物的胺和螯合剂的量可以有很大的变化,这取决于一些因素例如特定的用途、重质原油的组成、重质原油和从其中抽提原油的地层的物理特性,然而,胺与螯合剂酸当量的摩尔当量比通常为10∶1至1∶2。优选该当量比为6∶1至1∶1。最优选该当量比为5∶1至4.5∶1。
也可以采用本发明的不同配合物的组合物。可以通过将不同的胺、螯合剂或两者混合而形成配合物的混合物,或通过将分别制备的不同配合物混合来制备这类组合物。
对开采重质原油而言,可以将本发明的配合物直接注入注入井中,或优选在注入之前先用溶剂稀释。适宜的溶剂包括但不限于:石油馏分例如煤油和瓦斯油;直链和支链的脂族溶剂例如戊烷、己烷、壬烷和2-乙基己烷的混合物;通常称为石脑油的环脂族的混合物;芳族溶剂例如甲苯、二甲苯和市售溶剂混合物例如芳族溶剂100、150和200;酯类;醚类;醇类例如乙醇、异丙醇、辛醇和十二烷醇;酮类例如丙酮、环己酮和苯乙酮;以及其他的极性溶剂。典型的稀释剂为该配合物的0.01-50%(重量)、优选的稀释剂为0.01-10%(重量)。本发明的配合物也可以与其他开采方法例如蒸汽注入法或有机蒸气注入法配合使用(例如,美国专利4,407,367(Kydd)或美国专利5,143,156(Bromley))。
用来降低开采或输送重质原油粘度的配合物量可以有很大的变化,这取决于所需降低的粘度值以及是否采用附加的开采方法。随着本发明的配合物量的增加重质原油的粘度显著地变化。
根据开采的方法,一旦已将石油提升到地表,为了促进从井场输送石油,添加本发明的配合物也是有利的。如果需要追加配合物,可以在开采井中或在其后的任何时间添加这类配合物。
用来生产本发明的配合物的胺类是有机胺,优选伯胺。本说明书中所用的术语“胺”是用来说明单胺和多胺。优选采用油溶性胺类来制备本发明的配合物。
一般而言,优选的胺类是具有通式(I)的脂族伯单胺:
R-NH2 (I)
特别优选的是:饱和或烯属不饱和的脂族伯胺例如正辛胺、2-乙基己胺、叔辛胺、正癸胺、C4-C40叔烷基伯胺(单独的或其任一种组合物)、十三烷胺、正十一烷胺、月桂胺、十六烷胺、十七烷胺、十八烷胺、癸烯基胺、十二碳烯基胺、棕榈油酰胺、油胺、亚油烯基胺、二十碳烯基胺和聚醚胺;以及聚烷基胺例如聚异丁烯胺。市场上可以买到的C12-C18范围的适宜脂族伯胺的混合物包括ARMEEN O和ARMEEN OD(AkzoNobel;Stratford,CT)。
优选采用油溶性脂族胺,其中,脂族基团是叔脂族基团,最优选的是叔烷基基团。市场上可以买到的这类适宜的胺混合物包括PRIMENETOA、PRIMENE BC-9、PRIMENE 81-R和PRIMENE JM-T胺类(Rohm and HaasCompany;Philadelphia,PA)。
合乎需要的还有饱和或基本上饱和的脂族(C8-C40)仲胺,例如二乙醇胺、吗啉、二异戊胺、二-正辛胺、二-(2-乙基己基)胺、二-(环己基)胺、二-(叔辛基)胺、二-正壬胺、二月桂胺、二-十六烷胺、二-十八烷胺以及二-油胺。市场上可以买到的这种仲胺是称为AMBERLITELA-2(Rohm and Haas Company)的长链烷基胺。
合乎需要的还有以环己基二甲基胺、三乙醇胺、吡啶和三辛胺作为例子的叔单胺。
可以用于本发明的几种有代表性的多胺反应剂的实例包括含有两个或多个氨基基团、其中的至少一个是伯氨基基团的直链或支链烷烃。这类化合物包括但不限于:多氨基烷烃例如1,6-辛二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,5,9-三氨基壬烷和四氨基新戊烷;聚氨基链烷醇例如2-(2-氨乙基氨基)乙醇和2-[2-(2-氨乙基氨基)乙基氨基]乙醇;含有两个或多个氨基基团、其中的至少一个是伯氨基基团的杂环化合物,例如1-(β-氨乙基)-2-咪唑啉酮、2-(2-氨乙基氨基)-5-硝基吡啶、3-氨基-N-乙基哌啶、2-(2-氨乙基)-吡啶、5-氨基吲哚、3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(氨乙基)哌啶、3-氨基哌啶和2-氨基吡啶;亚烷基多胺例如1,2-丙二胺、二-(1,2-亚丙基)三胺、二-(1,3-亚丙基)三胺、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、二-(1,2-亚丁基)三胺、N-(2-氨乙基)-1,3-丙二胺、六亚甲基二胺和四-(1,2-亚丙基)五胺;羟基胺例如三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、异丙醇胺、N-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-丙二胺、N-2-羟丙基乙二胺、N-氨乙基乙醇胺和4-氨基苯酚;芳族多胺例如对苯二胺等;N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-链烷二胺例如N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-乙烷二胺、N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-丁烷二胺、N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-环己烷二胺和(最优选)N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-丙烷二胺。优选的还有PRIMENE MD(Rohm and Haas Company)和异佛尔酮二胺。
其他实用的多胺包括可以具有各种数均分子量、通常为约200至约4,000的聚氧化亚烷基多胺例如聚氧化亚烷基二胺和聚氧化亚烷基三胺。聚氧化亚烷基多胺在市场上可以买到,且可以从例如HuntsmanChemical Company,Inc.(Conroe,TX),按商标JEFFAMINE(例如JEFFAMINE D-230、JEFFAMINE D-400、JEFFAMINE D-1000、JEFFAMINED2000、JEFFAMINE T-403)得到。
另一类聚氧化亚烷基多胺是以式(II)表示的那些多胺:
R-C(O)-C(R)H-CH2-C(O)-R (II)
式中R=-NH-(亚烷基-O)n亚烷基-NH2,n=2或3。亚烷基基团可以是相同的或不同的且是各含2-8个碳原子、优选各含2-4个碳原子的直链或支链基团。这些化合物通过将3至约3.5摩尔二羧酸反应剂例如马来酸、富马酸、它们的酐或C1-4二烷基酯与式H2N-(亚烷基-O)n-亚烷基-NH2的聚氧化亚烷基二胺反应而形成,式中亚烷基和n的定义同上。
用于本发明的亚烷基多胺反应剂包括直链、支链、环状或其混合物的多胺,其中各个亚烷基含有1-10个碳原子。在这一类中的胺是亚乙基多胺,它可以用式(III)表述:
H2N(CH2CH2NH)nH (III)
式中n是1至约10的整数。
优选的亚乙基多胺是每分子中含有2-10个氮原子的多胺或每分子中平均含有2-10个氮原子的多胺的混合物。这些化合物包括但不限于:乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、六亚乙基庚胺、七亚乙基辛胺、八亚乙基壬胺、九亚乙基癸胺及其混合物。
相应的亚丙基多胺例如丙二胺、二亚丙基三胺、三亚丙基四胺、四亚丙基五胺和五亚丙基六胺也是适宜的胺反应剂。特别优选的多胺是平均具有3-7个与二亚乙基三胺结合的氮原子的多胺或多胺的混合物,或物理和化学性能与二亚乙基三胺近似的亚乙基多胺的混合物。在选择适宜的多胺时,应考虑其在重质原油中的溶解性。
市场上可以买到的亚乙基多胺混合物通常含有少量的支链物和环状物例如N-氨基-乙基哌嗪、N,N’-双(氨乙基)哌嗪、N,N’-双(哌嗪基)乙烷和类似的化合物。优选的市售混合物具有与相当于二亚乙基三胺至五亚乙基六胺的范围一致的近似总组成,通常,在总组成上与四亚乙基五胺相当的混合物是最优选的。各种适宜的廉价多亚乙基多胺混合物可按不同的商品牌号例如POLYAMINE H、POLYAMINE 400、DOWPOLYAMINEE-100和DOW S-1107(Dow Chemicals,;Midland,MI)买到。
最优选的用于本发明的胺类是式(IV)的叔烷基伯胺:
式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自:(C1-C37)烷基、取代的(C1-C37)烷基、(C1-C37)链烯基和取代的(C1-C37)链烯基。本说明书中所用的术语“(C1-C37)”意思是每个基团具有1-37个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或链烯基。
适宜的(C1-C37)烷基的实例包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、2-乙基己基、辛基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基(也称为月桂基)、十三烷基、十四烷基(也称为肉豆蔻基)、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十级烷基和二十烷基。
适宜的(C2-C37)链烯基的实例包括但不限于:乙烯基、正丙烯基、异丙烯基、1-丁烯基、顺式-2-丁烯基、异丁烯、反式-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯、1-戊烯基、顺式-2-戊烯基、反式-2-戊烯基、1-己烯基、1-庚烯基、1-辛烯基、1-壬烯基和1-癸烯基。
适宜的取代的(C1-C37)烷基和取代的(C2-C37)链烯基的实例包括但不限于用:羟基、卤素例如氟、氯或溴;氰基;烷氧基;卤代烷基;烷氧羰基;羧基;氨基;烷基氨基衍生物等以及硝基取代的以上列举的烷基和链烯基基团。
这些叔烷基伯胺可以单一的胺或胺的混合物使用,且包括但不限于:1,1,3,3-四甲基丁胺(PRIMENE TOA);一种C16-C22叔烷基伯胺(PRIMENE JM-T)的异构混合物;一种C8-C10叔烷基伯胺(PRIMENEBC-9)的异构混合物;一种C12-C14叔烷基伯胺(PRIMENE 81-R)的异构混合物;或其混合物。优选使用PRIMENE BC-9、PRIMENE 81-R、或其混合物。最优选的是PRIMENE BC-9。
螯合剂,或螯合物是一种含有两个或多个可以对单金属原子形成配位键的电子给予体原子的化合物。螯合化合物可以是中性分子或与适合的抗衡离子有关的配离子。螯合剂可以是有机的或无机的、芳族的或脂族的、直链的或环状的、支链的或直链脂族的。有关螯合剂的更充分的讨论可在W.L.Howard和D.A.Wilson所著的论文中查到,参见Kroschwitz,J.I(Ed.),Kirk-Othmer化学工艺百科全书(Kirk-OthmerEncyclopedia Of Chemical Technology),第5卷,第4版,J.Wiley:NY(1993),第764-795页。对本发明而言,能与所述胺类形成油溶性配合物的螯合剂是优选的。
适用于本发明的一些优选的螯合剂类包括:有机酸类例如乙酸、丙烯酸和月桂酸;氨基羧酸类例如乙二胺四乙酸、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸、次氮基三乙酸、N-二羟基乙基甘氨酸和亚乙基双羟苯基甘氨酸;膦酸类例如次氮基三亚甲基膦酸、乙二胺四(亚甲基膦酸)和羟基亚乙基二膦酸;聚磷酸盐类例如三聚磷酸钠和六偏磷酸;1,3-二酮类例如乙酰丙酮、三氟乙酰丙酮和噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮;酚类例如水杨醛、二磺基焦儿茶酚和变色酸;氨基苯酚类例如喔星、8-羟基喹啉和羟基喹啉磺酸;肟类例如二甲基乙二肟和水杨醛肟;硫化合物类例如巯基乙酸和二乙基二硫代磷酸;大环化合物类例如二苯并-[18]-冠醚-6、六甲基-[14]-4,11-二烯N4和(2.2.2-穴状化合物);多羧酸类例如柠檬酸和聚(p-乙烯基苄基亚氨基二乙酸);末端不饱和的丙烯酸低聚物类例如美国专利5,710,227(Freemand等人)中所述的;其他聚合物类例如聚甲基丙烯酰基丙酮;以及这类化合物的适合的盐类。最优选采用HOAc、EDTA、NTA及其盐。最优选的是EDTA及其盐。
以下提出的实施例是为了进一步说明本发明的各个方面,但无论如何绝不意味着是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
将0.5摩尔C12-C14叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.2摩尔EDTA缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,使反应温度升高到120-140℃并保持约1小时(或直到EDTA完全溶解为止)。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例2
将0.26摩尔C12-C14叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物和113克甲苯添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.057摩尔EDTA缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺和甲苯的混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,将反应温度保持在100℃下约4小时(或直到EDTA完全溶解为止)。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例3
将0.9摩尔C8-C10叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.05摩尔EDTA缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺和甲苯的混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,将反应温度保持在100℃下约4小时。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例4
将0.26摩尔C8-C10叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物和103克煤油添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.02摩尔NTA缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺和甲苯的混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,将反应温度保持在100℃下约4小时。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例5
将0.3摩尔C10-C14叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物和103克煤油添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.02摩尔NTA缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺和甲苯的混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,将反应温度保持在100℃下约4小时。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例6
将85.9克实施例3的混合物和38.8克C8-C10叔烷基伯胺添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约100℃持续1小时或直到该混合物清澈为止。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例7
将40克来自实施例6的混合物和40克甲苯添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物混合直到均匀和清澈为止。
实施例8
将59克异丙醇添加到来自实施例4的物料中,并将其混合直到该物料清澈为止。
实施例9
将0.34摩尔C16-C22叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.12摩尔乙酸缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,使反应温度升高到120-140℃并保持约1小时(或直到该混合物完全清澈为止)。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例10
将0.33摩尔C16-C22叔烷基伯胺的异构混合物添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.05摩尔柠檬酸缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,使反应温度升高到120-140℃并保持约1小时(或直到柠檬酸完全溶解为止)。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加胺。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
实施例11
将0.9摩尔AMBERLITE LA-2添加到配备有机械搅拌器、加热罩、附加漏斗和回流冷凝器的3颈圆底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热到约60℃,此时,将0.1摩尔次氮基三亚甲基膦酸缓慢地通过附加漏斗在搅拌下添加到胺混合物中,保持温度在80-100℃之间。添加完毕时,使反应温度升高到120-140℃并保持约1小时(或直到该混合物清澈为止)。检测该混合物的pH,如果低于8.5,则补加AMBERLITE LA-2。然后,将反应混合物冷却到室温。
在以下的实施例12-16中,采用配备有THERMOSEL系统(Brookfield Engineering Laboratories,Inc,.Stoughton,MA)和
带有RTD(遥控温度检测器)探头的温度控制器的DV-III型Brookfield粘度计测定粘度。THERMOSEL系统由加热室、移动式样品室、SC4芯轴和绝缘罩构成。由于THERMOSEL系统只需要8毫升样品,因而容易控制样品的温度且可精确地测量粘度。
实施例12
本实施例说明配合物的浓度对委内瑞拉的重质原油粘度的影响。在本实施例中添加剂是实施例1的配合物。
样品 添加剂
温度=75°F(24℃)
温度=150°F(66℃)
ID (ppm) 粘度(cps) 降低率% 粘度(cps) 降低率%
1-A 0 4000 --- 312 ---
750 3000 25.0 250 19.9
1000 2950 26.2 242 22.4
1250 2850 28.8 235 24.7
1750 2650 33.8 212 32.0
2000 2350 41.2 207 33.6
1-B 0 56000 --- 2050 ---
750 38000 32.1 1700 17.1
1000 32000 42.8 1600 22.0
1250 27500 50.1 1500 26.8
1750 24500 56.2 1350 34.1
2000 23500 58.0 1250 39.0
1-C 0 --- --- 7900 ---
750 --- --- 6200 21.5
1000 --- --- 6150 22.2
1250 --- --- 6000 24.0
1750 --- --- 4600 41.8
2000 --- --- 3800 51.9
1-D 0 85000 --- 3800 ---
750 83000 2.4 2900 23.7
1000 70500 17.0 2500 34.2
1250 58000 31.8 2400 36.8
1750 51000 40.0 2300 39.5
2000 42500 50.0 1750 53.9
实施例13
本实施例进一步说明配合物的浓度对委内瑞拉的重质原油粘度的影响。在本实施例中添加剂是实施例1的配合物。
样品 添加剂
温度=110°F(43℃)
温度=120°F(49℃)
ID (ppm) 粘度(cps) 降低率% 粘度(cps) 降低率%
1-E 0 47500 --- 27000 ---
500 38000 20.0 20000 25.9
1000 30000 36.8 16500 38.9
1500 22000 53.7 11500 57.4
2000 17500 63.2 8000 70.4
1-F 0 10600 --- 6500 ---
500 9000 15.1 5800 10.8
1000 7500 29.2 5100 21.5
1500 6900 35.0 4800 26.2
2000 5900 44.3 4200 35.4
1-G 0 975 --- 755 ---
500 950 2.6 675 10.6
1000 725 25.6 550 27.2
1500 625 35.9 460 39.1
2000 600 38.5 425 43.7
1-H 0 3400 --- 2750 ---
500 3000 11.8 2350 14.5
1000 2550 25.0 1950 29.1
1500 2200 35.3 1600 41.8
2000 1950 42.6 1400 49.1
实施例14
本实施例说明配合物的浓度对不同温度下管道输送重质原油的粘度的影响。在本实施例中添加剂是实施例1的配合物。
温度(°F/℃) 添加剂(ppm) 粘度(cps) 降低率%
75/24 0 6580 ---
750 5650 17.5
1000 5450 20.4
1250 5200 24.1
1750 4500 34.3
90/32 0 2865 ---
750 2312 19.3
1000 2125 25.8
1250 1875 34.6
1750 1462 49.0
145/63 0 492 ---
750 440 10.6
1000 420 14.6
1250 390 20.7
1750 340 30.9
实施例15
本实施例进一步说明配合物的浓度对不同温度下集油站重质原油粘度的影响。在下表中,样品ID编号相当于实施例编号。例如,9的意思是该添加剂是实施例9的配合物。
样品 添加剂
温度=75°F(24℃)
温度=150°F(66℃)
ID (ppm) 粘度(cps) 降低率% 粘度(cps) 降低率%
对照 0 12800 -- 825 --
9 750 10000 21.9 680 17.6
1000 10600 17.2 665 19.4
1250 9000 29.7 640 22.4
1500 8800 31.2 630 23.6
1 750 8300 35.2 710 13.9
1000 8400 34.4 670 18.8
1250 9600 25.0 550 33.3
1500 6400 50.0 560 32.1
17 750 10800 15.6 800 3.0
1000 10600 17.2 650 21.2
1250 9000 29.7 655 20.6
1500 10000 21.9 540 34.5
实施例16
本实施例进一步说明通过将本发明的配合物添加到委内瑞拉重质原油样品中得到的粘度降低不受不同稀释剂的影响。
添加剂A-3通过用甲苯稀释实施例3的配合物而制得,添加剂B-4通过用煤油稀释实施例4的配合物而制得。两种配合物均稀释到10%活性(active)。
添加剂 | 温度(℃) | 粘度(cps) | 降低率% |
没有 | 2140 | 11865531253 | ---- |
2000ppm(A-3) | 2140 | 821828432 | 30.773.0 |
2000ppm(B-4) | 2140 | 733047507 | 38.276.0 |
Claims (8)
1.一种将重质原油的粘度降低到显著地不可逆状态的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将通过加热至少一种有机胺和至少一种螯合剂而形成的胺-螯合物配合物按降低粘度量添加到重质原油中,使胺-螯合物配合物分散在重质原油的各部分中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该螯合剂选自:羧酸类、氨基羧酸类、膦酸类、聚磷酸盐类、1,3-二酮类、酚类、氨基苯酚类、肟类、硫化合物类、大环化合物类、多羧酸类、末端不饱和的丙烯酸低聚物类、及其盐类。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中该螯合剂选自:乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、次氮基三乙酸、及其盐类。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中该有机胺选自:脂族(C1-C40)伯单胺、聚烷基胺、叔单胺、饱和的脂族(C8-C40)仲胺和选自含有两个或多个氨基基团、其中的至少一个是伯氨基基团的直链或支链烷烃的多胺。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中该有机胺包括选自2-乙基己基胺、C4-C40叔烷基伯胺、十三烷胺、聚异丁基胺、油胺、二-(环己基)胺、C4-C40长链烷基胺和三辛胺的胺。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中将0.01-50重量%的胺-螯合物配合物和有机溶剂混合。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中胺-螯合物配合物的量为0.01-10重量%。
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EP (1) | EP1033471B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1205404C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2299104C (zh) |
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CN102939354A (zh) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-02-20 | 得克萨斯大学体系董事会 | 用于采收反应性原油的无表面活性剂的碱-聚合物配制剂 |
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US20040232042A1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-11-25 | Ravindranath Mukkamala | Amine-acid reaction products as asphaltene dispersants in crude oil |
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US6402934B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
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