CN1202676C - 一种用于对数字式通用盘设备和多路复现装置之间的非pcm位流编码,传送和解码的方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种用于对数字式通用盘设备和多路复现装置之间的非pcm位流编码,传送和解码的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1202676C
CN1202676C CNB961928557A CN96192855A CN1202676C CN 1202676 C CN1202676 C CN 1202676C CN B961928557 A CNB961928557 A CN B961928557A CN 96192855 A CN96192855 A CN 96192855A CN 1202676 C CN1202676 C CN 1202676C
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B·范斯廷布鲁格
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G11B27/00Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/24Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
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    • G11B27/10Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/22Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded information signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2381Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • H04N21/42646Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof for reading from or writing on a non-volatile solid state storage medium, e.g. DVD, CD-ROM
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/432Content retrieval operation from a local storage medium, e.g. hard-disk
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Abstract

一个从数字式录像盘DVD中读出的声信号位流,继分析之后,通过一个IEC958协议接口传送,以用于一个多路声信号复现装置中。特别地,对每个独立声信号通道,MPEG声信号采样值被循环地包装在脉冲有效负载中,并且这些脉冲有效负载按IEC958格式帧的方式包装为用户数据。更进一步,应用暂停脉冲给出所有相关通道声信号欠缺的信息,每个暂停脉冲仅代表在一个明显可接受的时间间隔内的这种声信号欠缺。

Description

一种用于对数字式通用盘设备和多路复现装置 之间的非PCM位流编码,传送和解码的方法和设备
发明背景
本发明有关一种对从数字媒体读取的非PCM编码声位流分析之后,对其编码,以使其能通过一个IEC958协议接口传送,并用于多路声音复现装置的方法。数字录像盘的标准化正以加倍的速度实施。市售的MPEG1解码电路SAA2502能将以连续位流方式接收到的压缩数字声信号解码。当今的MPEG2技术已统一化为五个通道,即:左,右,中心,左边缘,右边缘,进一步,有一个低频增强(LFE)通道。MPEG2位流被分为具有1152个采样值的帧,分配给每个实际通道,在帧一帧基础上,播放操作可用一种非统一的方式来控制。例如,实际通道数目可以不同,并且某个或全部通道可能不输出声音。
本发明的总体背景由下述先有文件给出,所有这些文件都至少转让给本发明的受让人,并在此收作参考资料:
EP专利402 973,EP专利申请660 540,相应的美国专利5,323,396和美国专利申请系列第07/532462,08/173850,08/483009,08/488318,08/488536(PHN13242)号,描述了一个用于L和R信号的Musicam层1编码解码器;
EP678226,相应的美国专利应用系列第08/328999(PHN14615)号,描述了L,R和C通道的编码和解码操作;
美国专利申请系列第08/032915,08/180004,08/427046,(PHQ93002),描述了比特率减小L,R,C,SL和SR信号的换算。
这里,在对上述指定数字通用盘的用户应用(SPDIF)中,指定了两个子帧,每个子帧都能同时携带32位的数据字。这就允许借助于IEC958位流传送两通道线性PCM声信号,或者是一套交变位流,但不能同时是这两种结构。IEC958标准详细说明了一种用于将数字音响装置与两路线性PCM声信号相互连接的广泛应用的方法。这就要求要能在相同的协定环境中,允许传送非PCM编码声信号位流以供用户应用,特别是当一个或多个声音通道呈现静寂时的暂停脉冲串。特别地,呈现在接收方的该暂停的粒度应能从被感知的角度来看足够简短。
发明概述
本发明的目的之一是扩展现有协议,用以在相同的协定环境中允许为用户应用传送非PCM编码声信号位流。现在,从其一个方面出发,本发明所述方法包括以下步骤:
对每个循环地将MPEG声采样值包装为脉冲有效负载,并将上述脉冲有效负载按IEC958帧格式包装为用户数据的独立声通道,包含有暂停脉冲串,利用这些暂停脉冲串给出所有相关通道声信号欠缺的信号,每个暂停脉冲串仅代表一段明显可按受的时间段内的声信号欠缺。
按照该现有枝术,上述粒度可达到几十个毫秒,这对于本发明者认为这太长了,以至于无法接受。按照本发明,该粒度在毫秒级,它在当前所遇到的所有环境中均可被接受。
本发明还有关一种通过一个IEC958协议接口,从由数字通用盘DVD中读出的分析位流中分离并接收非PCM编码声信号位流,以用于一个多路复现装置的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
以帧串的方式接收所述分析位流,并为每个适用位流提供统一数目的数据位;
将每帧存放在一个过渡帧缓冲区中;
检查属于一个特定输出通道的数据的出现及欠缺;
基于上述检查,执行解码并为特定通道输出解码信息;
但是,在所接收到的一个或多个暂停脉冲的控制下,该暂停脉冲代表所述检查所得的一连串多重数据欠缺,控制一个软静噪块。该特点保证了由一个软静噪块对暂停脉冲串进行直接解码,以做到连续显示。
本发明提供如下的方法、设备和装置:
(一)一种对从数字媒介读出的非PCM编码音频位流进行处理,进而分析,以使其通过IEC958协议接口传送,并随后用于再生装置的方法,其中所述再生装置被设置为以至少两个音频通道的多个通道为基础操作,上述方法包括以下步骤:
对于每个相应的音频通道,重复将所述非PCM编码音频比特流的音频采样打包成脉冲串有效负载,并将所述脉冲串有效负载作为用户数据打包成IEC958格式帧,产生一序列所述IEC958格式帧,所述打包包括产生并在所述格式帧序列中插入同步暂停脉冲串,所述同步暂停脉冲串表示对于全部所述多个音频通道不存在音频数据,所述每个同步暂停脉冲串仅代表在感觉得到的可接受时间间隔内的这种音频不存在。
(二)一种对从数字媒介读出的非PCM编码音频位流进行处理,进而分析,以使其通过IEC958协议接口传送,并随后用于音频再生装置的设备,其中所述再生装置被设置为以至少两个音频通道的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述设备包括:
打包装置,用于对于每个相应的音频通道,重复将所述非PCM编码语音比特流的音频采样打包成脉冲串有效负载,并将所述脉冲串有效负载作为用户数据打包成IEC958格式帧,产生一序列所述IEC958格式帧;
同步暂停脉冲串产生装置,用于产生同步暂停脉冲串并在所述格式帧序列中插入那些同步暂停脉冲串,所述同步暂停脉冲串表示对于至少为两个相关通道的全部所述多个音频通道不存在音频数据,所述每个暂停脉冲串仅代表在感觉得到的可接受时间间隔内的这种音频不存在。
(三)一种用于处理从数字媒介读取的位流中分离出的非PCM编码音频位流,并进一步通过IEC958协议接口分析,以用于音频再生装置的方法,所述再生装置被设置为以至少等于2的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述方法包括以下步骤:
接收所述被分析的位流作为IEC958格式帧序列,每个帧为在所述多个之间的可用位流提供一个统一数目的数据位;
将每个帧存放在一个中介帧缓冲器中;
检测属于特定输出通道的音频数据的存在或欠缺;
在一个或多个接收到的代表上述检测到的连续多重声音欠缺的同步暂停脉冲串的控制下,控制一个消隐块,用于输出;
但是,在检测到存在音频数据时,输出所述音频数据,以执行与有关特定信道关联的解码处理。
(四)一种用于处理从数字媒介读取的位流中分离出的非PCM编码位流,并进一步通过IEC958协议接口分析,以用于再生装置的设备,所述再生设备被设置为以至少等于2的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述设备包括:
接收装置,用于接收所述被分析的位流作为一个帧序列,每个帧为可用位流提供一个统一数目的数据位;
一个中介帧缓冲器,用于存储每个所述帧;
检测装置,用于检测属于特定音频输出通道的数据的出现或欠缺;
解码装置,接收所述检测装置的输入,被设置为在检测到所述出现时,以音频解码的形式执行所述处理,并用于输出用于特定音频通道的解码音频信息;
消隐控制装置,被设置为在一个或多个接收到的代表上述检测到的连续多重声音欠缺的同步暂停脉冲串的控制下,相对于音频控制一个消隐块。
(五)一种经过适于传送PCM编码位流的接口将一个非PCM编码多通道位流传送给数字音频再生装置的方法,所述非PCM编码多通道位流是从数字视频盘接收的,所述方法包括步骤:
(i)将非PCM编码多通道位流的音频采样打包在数据脉冲串有效负载中;
(ii)将数据脉冲串有效负载作为连续帧中的用户数据进行打包,所述帧具有一个预定的格式,包括指示所有通道中音频欠缺的暂停脉冲串,每个暂停脉冲串具有一个在10毫秒以内的毫秒范围内的持续时间。
(六)一种经过适于传送PCM编码位流的接口将一个非PCM编码多通道位流传送给数字音频再生装置的耦合装置,所述非PCM编码多通道位流是对从来自数字视盘的多通道位流进行分析而产生的,包括:
用于将非PCM编码多通道位流的音频采样重复打包在数据脉冲串有效负载中的装置;
用于将数据脉冲串有效负载作为连续帧中的用户数据进行打包的装置,所述帧具有一个预定的格式,包括指示所有通道中音频欠缺的暂停脉冲串,每个暂停脉冲串具有一个在10毫秒以内的毫秒范围内的持续时间。本发明还有关一个在编码方面或者解码方面实现上述方法的装置。本发明其它的优越方面记载在权利要求中。
附图简述
本发明的这些及更进一步的方面及优点,将在以下借助于最佳实施例做详细的讨论,特别是参考以下附图:
图1-5,不同的信息格式;
图6,DVD播放机与MC_Box连接的方框图;
图7,多通道声信号解码器的方框图;
图8,一个数字信号处理器的解码操作流程图;
图9,副带滤波器DSP的解码操作流程图;
图10,一个IEC958发送站的方框图;
图11,一个IEC958接收站的方框图;
图12,一个位流传送的流程图;
不同数据格式的描述
为更详细地说明本发明,首先描述不同的可用信息格式。图1示出了IEC958格式,按最上面的图,它包含有一串帧,这些帧被分为192帧一块。第二个图示出了每帧含有两个子帧。一块中的第一个帧有标号为B(左)和W(右)的子帧,其余的子帧标号均为M。第三个图示出了子帧的结构。如图示,它有四位始标,四位辅助位,四位不用的位,十六位数据或位流及四个标志位V,U,C,P。标志位含义如下:V表示相对于标准没有偏差,U表示用户数据存在‘0’错误,C包含一位的通道状态字,P是一个与第4到第31位有关的奇偶校验位。一对子帧可能包含从左和右通道来的一个PCM字。
按照本发明,对用户应用而言,从一系列C位建立的通道状态字有以下含义:值为0的位b0表示用户PCM声信号,值为1的位b1表示非线性PCM采样值,位8到15包含一个类型码。此外,MPEG首标表明声采样速率和以位表示的样本量。
从DVD盘读出的声位流可能含有间隙,这是由声音中的停顿或由相关录像源所采用的特技方式引起的,例如向由跟踪方式产生的保持图片的转换。现在,当在IEC958上以脉冲串传送时,这些位流中的间隙可能保持不用或填入以下将要描述的数据类型为‘暂停’的脉冲串。若间隙出现在MPEG1层1,或在MPEG1层2或层3数据,或在无扩展MPEG2,或在扩展声位流的MPEG2数据中,间隙将被填充以一系列数据类型为‘暂停’的脉冲串。所以,这些脉冲串有其最小允许长度,对应于32采样周期。更好地,该长度可以是最小允许长度的三倍,对应于96采样周期,它是LFE采样的循环周期。
该接口可能同时传送多个多路非PCM编码数据流,例如同时连接一个主声音设备和一个相关声音设备,那么,相关设备的脉冲出现在与之相关的主设备的脉冲前。
图2示出了以标准方式将IEC958块中的用户信息拆开得到的,或在对一个IEC958块包装前得到的脉冲格式。该脉冲具有一个与在帧中编码的每个通道声采样数目相关的固定的重复时间。两个脉冲串间的任何未使用的位均被置为零。每个脉冲有四个十六位首标字,其含义是:Pa,Pb同步字,Pc是脉冲信息,将在以下具体说明,Pd是以位为单位的有效负载长度。其后,脉冲包含一个有效负载域,并有选择地由填充零来结束脉冲以保持其预定格式。一种便利的,但并非强制的填充零的个数的低界是32。有效负载也包含有MPEG首标。非PCM编码声位流的格式允许多路传输多于一个的位流,其中,一个脉冲能填充由其它脉冲串填充零所占的空间。所有这些脉冲串的采样频率应统一。Pc域有以下代码:
  Pc位   值   内容   以采样周期数表示的脉冲循环
  0-4   0   空数据   4096
  1   AC-3数据   1536
  2   SMPTE时间标志
  3   MPEG1层1数据   384
  4   MPEG1层2/3或无扩展MPEG2   1152
  5   扩展MPEG2   1152
  6   暂停   32或96
  7   ACX数据   1024
  8   MPEG2层1低采样速率   384
  9   MPEG2层2/3低速率   1152
  10-31   保留
其它的Pc位的内容与本发明无关。相对来说较简短的‘暂停’脉冲的供给,使得可由此控制一个低粒度‘软静噪’间隔。Pc位的值3,4,7,8,9所指定的不同脉冲类型的说明使得允许有更灵活的控制协议。
图3示出了具有长度为384采样周期的MPEG层1的基帧(对每个L和R)。格式的各个方面在前面已经考虑。MPEG1层2/3或无扩展MPEG2的有效负载的基帧具有相同的形式,长度为1152而不是384采样周期。MPEG2允许并行传送五个声音通道的信息。在一定的环境下,MPEG2脉冲需要做图4所示的扩充。
这里,一个MPEG2帧含有每个编码通道的1152个采样值。如图中最上面一行所示,开头是一个脉冲始标,接着是有效负载,并填充有填充零位。有效负载数目可以达到36768=1152×32位。此外,至少还有32个填充零和64位的Pa...Pd首标。与MPEG层2数据类型相匹配的位流是:
按MPEG2层2或层3编码的位流,
或者按MPEG2层1‘优先帧’编码的位流。
一个带有声信号帧的脉冲包含有一个同步串联基帧(MPEG1兼容)及一个扩展帧。在图4中,最上面的图A包含MPEG2层2基帧,它含有MPEG1首标,MPEG1声信号域,MC(多通道)扩展部分1域,及一个辅助数据域。若有必要扩展,则,如第二个图B所示的补充格式添加了以下内容:在MPEG2层2扩展帧中含有一个扩展首标,后面是MC扩展部分2。图中的第三个图C示出了前两个图同步级联的格式。同样,第四个图D示出了MPEG2基帧,它具有一个作为较低的箭头所示的脉冲重复时间内的有效负载的一部分的扩展帧,按其次序,它需要一个首标并允许后跟该帧的填充零。
这里,利用每个副带滤波器32采样周期为单元,来保持同步。在这方面,图5示出了在由其底部箭头表示的脉冲重复时间内数据类型为‘暂停’的脉冲。长度是1024位=32IEC帧,随填充零增加。同前面一样,四个标志Pa,Pb,Pc,Pd是预先附加的。用户内容为全零。另一种也是更好的脉冲长度是3×32=96帧。脉冲帧当然也具有空的内容;这种较长的形式能够与每96帧出现一次的LFE特征更好地同步。由于相对来说,暂停脉冲长度较小,暂停与非暂停之间的传送有一个较小的粒度。
最佳实施例硬件的具体描述
图6是一个DVD播放机和一个MC_Box间互连的方框图。在播放机30中,块20代表一个唱盘和相关的读出和插入机构,相关的控制信号通过控制通路21传送,控制操作在微处理器26中进行。块22是一个MPEG2程序流解码器和声信号分析器,用来从收到的大量位流中分离出标准立体声信号和图象流,一方面送往声一像解码器24,另一方面,另作为通路23上的多路比特率缩减声数据。声一像解码器24以标准方式操作,将位流分解为图示的左、右声音通道和图像输出。事实上,这种类型的复现是遵照MPEG1标准的。相对低级的用户应用如迄今所述的系统。DVD播放机30靠一个用户控制接口来实施,例如硬按纽,软键,显示器。
为实现MPEG2的所有功能,提供了一个外部多路MC_Box 46。为此,首先在播放机30上,MPEG数据按前面图中所述的脉冲格式组织成形。接着,按IEC958标准化协议,需要有一个数据的输出通道33,用来传送包含有对MC_Box的不同命令的非PCM位流。该通道可基于电连接或光导纤维。可选择地,连接可通过一个单或双向通道48,具体地说,通过一个用来向DVD播放机传送命令的通道48。该通道可遵照授权本受让人的美国专利4429384中描述的D2B协议。如更进一步所示,提供了一个FIFO28,例如,用它可容纳通常所需的8K字节来对MPEG数据进行中间存储,一个市售的类型为TDA1315的总线接口电路32,及一个类型为MSM6307的控制接口电路,按照D2B协议组织。另一种方法是,块32通过数据通道接收由微处理器来的命令,而不是通过其控制通道。
如同DVD播放机,MC_Box有一个内部控制通路41,类型为MSM6307的接口电路,并在微处理器40中执行控制操作。与FIFO28对应,MC_Box46有一个相对小的FIFO44。它在前一个位流被解码时,存储一个位流的数据。解码首先属于脉冲级,其次属于采样级。FIFO44的输出馈入MC_解码器,MC_解码器可输出多达七个声音通道:左,右,LFE/C,左中心边缘,右中心边缘,左边缘,右边缘。如图示,这些通道按美国专利4755817中所述协议,被组织在四个I2S接口上。换一种方式,FIFO44及解码器42被组合成一个单一硬件块并由包含在IEC958数据中的命令直接控制。进一步,MC_Box通过电路38与第二级控制通道48连接。
图7是一个包含在图11中的块42中的多路声信号解码器。首先,解码本身在块56中按借助于图8说明的过程来执行,并由具有56000系列结构的MotorolaDSP处理器完成。反换算也在该处理器中执行。块54代表上述处理器的控制壳。第一DSP处理器的输出被组织成块,每块包含有每个适当通道的3×32=96副样。对这样的具有最高适当采样频率为44.1KHz的通道,块长对应于一个两毫秒的时间间隔,这被认为是具有几乎不被察觉的足够好的粒度。
块58是一个中介缓冲器,能存储上面所说的n个块,它通过考虑价格与允许上/下溢出现的次数来优选;n的期望值是4。线路70对起到源头作用的DSP外壳发送停/走信号。线路68传送一个来自数据终端块60的请求信号。
块60根据七个通道接收到的最大值执行信号分离功能;它是基于一个相似的56000DSP处理器。特别地,块62代表副带滤波器,而块64代表一个LFE上端采样滤波器。还有,处理器外壳由块66表示。在每个执行周期,每个通路的32个子通路被滤波,并通过一个双口RAM转储:这样,一个采样频率44.1KHZ的周期长度为:32/44.1=0.725毫秒。很方便地,每个通道在RAM的延迟长度等于3×32个副样。当3×32个副样已被接收时,则进行滤波,否则副带滤波器将输出代表声音暂停的全零,它借助于前面所说技术,具有一个减小的粒度。处理器包含一个‘自由运行’功能,并继续以统一间隔输出声采样值。第一DSP将连续以每个通道1152个采样值的脉冲形式产生声采样值,每个通道都有12组3×32的样本,所需的实际时间是在副带滤波器上。若可以实现,解码器56/54将被置为“保持”状态以防止缓冲器58溢出。
MC_Box没有用户接口,不过,IEC单向互连33所接收到的数据被用于产生控制,包括本发明所述软静噪和消隐的功能。若需要,D2B互连可以用来以相反的方向发送控制信号,多路解码器60能由解码器54控制,例如借助于美国专利4689740所述的I2C接口。这将具有足够强的从错误环境中恢复过来的能力。不过,没有任何输出给用户的状态被认为是必需的。若缓冲器58出现下溢,则接着控制静噪功能。
图8示出了一个处理器的解码流程图,特别是图7所示的数字信号处理器54。接收到的输入位流记为74,在其上,解码器连续执行一个同步操作76。一旦DSP54同步并且从下一个与之相连的帧到同步字Pa,Pb都被接收到了,实际的解码操作才在块78中开始。帧项Pd给出有效负载的长度,当同步时,解码器54为每个帧产生每个通道的12组3×32子样。当子样缓冲器中的自由空间不足以存储每个通道的子样组中的所有子样(3×32)时,解码器56被置为保持以防缓冲器溢出。
子样缓冲器与解码器DSP56间的交接处理是由一个标记实现的,该标记表明所述块当前的主人;当同步有效(77,78)时,传送该标记。在流程图中,块78检查声音数据,或一个暂停。只有当遇到第三个暂停时,数据检测才停止(78)。当遇到一个非暂停时,则在块80继续解码操作,解码操作结果输出到线路81,在接收到块标记的情况下,通过块82将处理器置为保持状态。交接处理是在块80和82之间。双向连接83允许对缓冲器58的填充程度做出反应。当接收到第三个暂停(84)时,块86准备零输出块,用以在线路81上输出,代替由块80输出的解码结果,代表‘软静噪’信息。
图8是图7中副带滤波器62的解码流程图。每一个周期,副带DSP在其输入端接收每个通道的32个子样;若未得到子样,输入将变为全零作为软静噪。副带滤波器DSP处理32子样的块,并从8个信号中产生7个用于图示的4个I2S接口。第八个信号LFE将由块64上端采样。滤波器按连续过程操作,以等时间间隔产生声信号。电源接通后,所有的输出缺省为静噪;输出寄存器将保持为零,直到副带滤波器在512个采样周期后被初始化。
在执行过程中,块50检查缓冲器58是否为空,若为空,则零以保持同步的方式输出,若不空,则块输出在右通道;并在每个实际通道输出32个采样值,加上一个单个LFE采样。若不空且没有通过一个标记,则块在左通道输出,并输出32个零副带采样值以激发一个暂停。这两种从块50的输出都指向图7所示的副带滤波器62和LFE上端采样滤波器64的输入。
标记表明哪个处理器是当前块的宿主。宿主能对块进行读/写,非宿主则只能读,例如读取标记。块宿主关系只能由块的宿主来传递,将实际宿主移交给非宿主。电源接通后,所有的标记被交给解码器DSP。缺少标记时,副带滤波器将清除所有寄存器并将只滤波0,当与脉冲_首标同步时,第一个标记应该在经过一段预期的“最差情况”解码时间后送到副带滤波器DSP。
图10是一个IEC958发送站的方框图,其核心部分是内部连接如图所示的市售TDA1315电路98。块90代表同步级联基位流和扩展位流(图11中的块22)分析器。微处理器92对应于图11中的微处理器26。微处理器92通过一个3线L3控制总线与接口电路98互相配合,并与图示的23,24,25脚相连。控制总线协议按照转让给本受让人的美国专利5434862。块90的输出数据拟定为遵照I2S格式并如图所示与35,36,37脚相连。输入32从分析器90接收一个静噪控制信号,脚33接一个I2S选择信号,脚38接一个I2S输出允许信号,这两个信号始终保持逻辑1状态。时间控制块96由微处理器92控制,并沿内部连接93与分析块90交接处理。它也在同步周期基础上与TIDA1315在脚39,40交接处理。最后,电路在8脚按IEC958输出串行数据,并在9脚接收到连续低值的允许信号。块100是一个电_光转换器,使MC_Box可以位于较远的地方。
图11是一个IEC958接收站的方框图。数据通过光电转换器102以16位字的方式接收到,并传入IEC958的输入脚6。标准控制脚是位于脚21的ConTRLMODE,位于脚7的IEC选择和位于脚38的I2S输出允许,这三个脚都接逻辑地。进一步,还有IECOE输出允许脚9和CLLOCK选择脚43,都保持逻辑高电平(1)。时钟选择允许在384KHZ和256KHZ之间选择。从TDA1315输出的数据在脚35,36,37按I2S协议连到多路解码器108上。由此产生如图11所定义的4个输出位流。TDA1315,微处理器(图11中的40项)和多路解码器间的控制互连按上面提到的I2S协议。
图12是一个位流传送的流程图,在块120,传送开始。通道状态位1变成‘1’。在块122,检测IEC958‘Idel’。若检测到‘Idle’,则在块124检测是否需要NULL数据,若不需要,则系统返回块122。若需要,则在块132发送一个NULL数据脉冲:这步操作是任选的。若在块122检测到一个声位流,则在块126检查是否出现一个Gap。若出现‘Gap’,则在块120,发送一个暂停数据脉冲。并且设定一个重复时间。若在块126,检测到一个声数据脉冲,则发送一个声数据脉冲并设定重复时间。在块128和130后面,在块134检测重复时间是否结束。若没结束,则在块136执行填充操作,并且系统返回块134。若在134,重复时间结束,则系统返回126。
暂停数据脉冲用来填充位流中小的间隙,间隙可能出现在非PCM编码声数据类型的两个数据脉冲之间。暂停数据脉冲将存在间隙的信息传递给声解码器。暂停数据脉冲还表明声间隙的实际长度,或者表明该非PCM声数据流已经结束。该信息可被声解码器用来减小(或消除)声音间隙的存在,或在位流停止的情况下,触发声音的淡出。一串暂停数据脉冲还能优于一个非PCM声位流的开始去加速解码器同步。推荐在发送第一个声数据脉冲前,先立即发送一小串暂停数据脉冲。
数据脉冲   填充     P   填充     P 填充     P   填充 数据脉冲   填充 数据脉冲
在该例中,P表示一个暂停数据脉冲,P加其后的填充代表暂停的重复时间,在数据脉冲间的间隙总长是该时间的三倍。数据脉冲+填充的长度是脉冲重复时间。暂停脉冲以这样的位流数被传送,该位流数与含有被暂停数据脉冲填充的间隙的声数据流的位流数相同,或者对暂停脉冲加入同步。
暂停数据脉冲包含有脉冲_始标及一个32位的有效负载。有效负载的头16位包含声音间隙长度参数。余下的位保留并全部置为零。声音间隙长度参数是一个实际声音间隙长度的任选标记。该长度是在IEC958帧中测得的,指在第一个暂停数据脉冲的Pa的第一位与下一个声音数据脉冲的Pa的第一位之间的长度。暂停数据脉冲的具体应用由声音数据脉冲的类型决定。例如,AC_3数据脉冲间的间隙由一列非常短的暂停脉冲来填充,而一种MPEG类型的数据脉冲间的暂停数据脉冲重复时间与算法有关。一列中的第一个暂停数据脉冲的间隙长度参数可能被用来表明由该列暂停数据脉冲连接起来的声音间隙的长度。序列中跟在初始暂停数据脉冲后的暂停数据脉冲没有被指定一个间隙长度(间隙长度=0)。一个间隙可能由具有一个单独声音间隙长度标记的单一序列暂停数据脉冲来填充。例如,一个对应于768采样值的声音间隙的间隙,可能由一个序列的暂停数据脉冲来填充,暂停数据脉冲在初始暂停数据脉冲中有一个间隙长度=768的标记。或者该间隙可以由一些较短序列的暂停数据脉冲来填充,每个序列的初始暂停数据脉冲都标明由该序列连通的间隙长度(例如,一个序列具有200个采样的间隙长度,紧接着的序列具有568的间隙长度,一共连接768采样周期的间隙)。
在第一个暂停数据脉冲中的全部声音间隙长度的信息,可提供解码器执行最好的消声处理。不过,如果数据源在间隙开始时,不知道全部声音间隙长度,则它将为间隙长度设一初始值。若数据源接着测得声音间隙比初始值所定的长,则将启动具有另一间隙长度值的另一序列的暂停数据脉冲串(重复时间接在第一个序列后),通知解码器声音间隙被扩充了。若间隙进一步扩充,则将启动另加的序列。
声解码器可能利用间隙长度信息来优选对声音间隙的消隐。间隙长度包含非零值也并非强制性的,不要求数据源标明声音间隙的长度。
数据类型PAUSE包含有一列四个控制字Pa,Pb,Pc,Pd,后面跟着有效负载和填充。
“Gaps”是指位流中的间断,也可能是由位流间的切换引起的,间隙长度由从一个位流转换到另一个位流所需的时间决定,并可能有任意值。不过,间隙的长度,取决于必须能消除间隙的解码器。这样,传送器应将间隙长度校正为暂停数据脉冲重复时间的倍数。暂停脉冲有它自己的重复时间,它给出了下一个数据脉冲中Pa的传送时间。
一些AC_3解码器可能具有“消隐”声音间隙的能力。可能包含在暂停数据脉冲有效负载中的声音间隙长度(间隙_长度)的标记使解码器知道有多长的一段声音间隙需要消隐。进而可使解码器为实际的间隙长度优化消隐处理。AC_3解码器最容易消隐长度为256个采样值的整数倍的声音间隙。也即,声音间隙长度为256,768等等。最好使用如下所示的IEC958帧:
  声数据脉冲的数据类型   暂停数据脉冲的重复时间强制的推荐的
  AC_数据   3 IEC958帧
  MPEG_1层1数据MPEG_层2或层3数据或无扩展MPEG_2扩展MPEG_2数据MPEG_2,层1低采样速率MPEG_2,层2或是低采样速率   32 IEC958帧32 IEC958帧32 IEC958帧64 IEC958帧64 IEC958帧
AC_3位流包含一系列AC_3_帧。AC_3数据_脉冲的数据_类型为01h,一个AC_3帧包含每个通道的1536个采样值。数据_脉冲开头为一个脉冲_首标,接着是脉冲_有效负载。AC_3数据的每个数据_脉冲的脉冲_有效负载应包含一个完整的AC_3_帧。AC_3_数据_脉冲的长度取决于编码比特率(它决定AC_3_帧的长度)。一个具有参考瞬时R的AC_3数据脉冲又包含四个控制字Pa,Pb,Pc,Pd及一个AC_3脉冲_有效负载及填充。

Claims (20)

1.一种对非PCM编码音频位流进行处理的方法,所述非PCM编码音频位流从数字媒介读出,进而分析,以使其通过协议接口传送,并随后用于再生装置,其中所述再生装置被设置为以至少两个音频通道的多个通道为基础操作,上述方法包括以下步骤:
对于每个相应的音频通道,重复将所述非PCM编码音频比特流的音频采样打包成脉冲串有效负载;
并随后将所述脉冲串有效负载作为用户数据打包成格式帧,产生一序列所述格式帧,
随后的打包步骤包括产生并在所述格式帧序列中插入同步暂停脉冲串的子步骤,所述同步暂停脉冲串表示对于全部所述多个音频通道不存在音频数据,所述每个同步暂停脉冲串仅代表在明显允许的时间间隔内这种音频不存在。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述数字媒介是DVD数字视频盘。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述音频采样是MPEG音频采样,并且所述同步暂停脉冲串具有一个最多等于一个MPEG LFE低频增强采样重复时间间隔的重复时间间隔。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述同步暂停脉冲串具有一个等于32音频采样周期或32音频采样周期的整数倍数的重复时间间隔。
5.如权利要求1,2或3所述的方法,其中任何所述同步暂停脉冲串的出现都由其脉冲串首标信号指示。
6.如权利要求1,2或3所述的方法,其中所述同步暂停脉冲串有一个至少比任何非暂停脉冲串短5倍的重复时间。
7.如权利要求1,2或3任意一个所述的方法,进一步定义了一个具有384音频采样周期的重复时间间隔的一个MPEG-1层数据脉冲串。
8.如权利要求1,2或3任意之一所述的方法,并且定义了一个具有1152音频采样周期的重复时间间隔的一个MPEG-1层2或3或无扩展脉冲串的MPEG-2。
9.如权利要求1,2或3任一个所述的方法,并且定义了一个具有1152音频采样周期的重复时间间隔的一个MPEG-2扩展脉冲串。
10.如权利要求1,2或3任一个所述的方法,并且定义了一个具有384音频采样周期的重复时间间隔的一个MPEG-2层1低采样速率脉冲串。
11.如权利要求1,2或3任一个所述的方法,并且定义了一个具有1152音频采样周期的重复时间间隔的一个MPEG-2层2或3低采样速率脉冲串。
12.如权利要求1,2或3任一个所述的方法,为测量一个脉冲串格式添加填充零以使其与其它所有脉冲串有统一的规格,并以重复方式将上述脉冲串在上述通道间多路复用,并将相关数据叠加在其它通道的填充零位置。
13.一种如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述感觉得到的可接受时间间隔低于10毫秒。
14.一种非PCM编码音频位流进行处理的设备,所述非PCM编码音频位流被从数字媒介读出进而分析,以使其通过IEC958协议接口传送,并随后用于音频再生装置,其中所述再生装置被设置为以至少两个音频通道的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述设备包括:
打包装置,用于对于每个相应的音频通道,重复将所述非PCM编码语音比特流的音频采样打包成脉冲串有效负载,并将所述脉冲串有效负载作为用户数据打包成IEC958格式帧,产生一序列所述IEC958格式帧;
同步暂停脉冲串产生装置,用于产生同步暂停脉冲串并在所述格式帧序列中插入那些同步暂停脉冲串,所述同步暂停脉冲串表示对于至少为两个相关通道的全部所述多个音频通道不存在音频数据,所述每个暂停脉冲串仅代表在明显允许的时间间隔内的这种音频不存在。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备,其中所述数字媒介是DVD数字视频盘。
16.根据权利要求14所述的设备,其中所述感觉得到的可接受时间间隔低于10毫秒。
17.一种用于处理非PCM编码音频位流的方法,所述非PCM编码音频位流被从数字媒介读取的位流中分离出,并进一步通过IEC958协议接口分析,以用于音频再生装置,所述再生装置被设置为以至少等于2的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述方法包括以下步骤:
接收所述被分析的位流作为格式帧序列,每个帧为在所述多个之间的可用位流提供一个统一数目的数据位;
将每个帧存放在一个中介帧缓冲器中;
检测属于特定输出通道的音频数据的存在(78,84)或欠缺;
在一个或多个接收到的代表上述检测到的连续多重声音欠缺的同步暂停脉冲串的控制下,控制一个消隐块,用于输出;
但是,在检测到存在音频数据时,输出所述音频数据,以执行与有关特定信道关联的解码(80)处理。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述媒介是DVD数字视频盘。
19.一种用于处理非PCM编码位流的设备,所述非PCM编码位流被从数字媒介读取的位流中分离出,并进一步通过协议接口分析,以用于再生装置,所述再生装置被设置为以至少等于2的多个音频通道为基础操作,所述设备包括:
接收装置,用于接收所述被分析的位流作为一个帧序列,每个帧为可用位流提供一个统一数目的数据位;
一个中介帧缓冲器(58),用于存储每个所述帧;
检测装置,用于检测属于特定音频输出通道的数据的出现(78,84)或欠缺;
解码装置,接收所述检测装置的输入,被设置为在检测到所述出现时,以音频解码(80)的形式执行所述处理,并用于输出用于特定音频通道的解码音频信息;
消隐控制装置,被设置为在一个或多个接收到的代表上述检测到的连续多重声音欠缺的同步暂停脉冲串的控制下,相对于音频控制一个消隐块。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备,其中所述媒介是DVD数字视频盘。
CNB961928557A 1995-12-07 1996-11-21 一种用于对数字式通用盘设备和多路复现装置之间的非pcm位流编码,传送和解码的方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1202676C (zh)

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KR100461211B1 (ko) 2005-06-13
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JPH11500564A (ja) 1999-01-12
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