CN1202195A - 制备粒状洗涤剂的方法 - Google Patents
制备粒状洗涤剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1202195A CN1202195A CN96198239A CN96198239A CN1202195A CN 1202195 A CN1202195 A CN 1202195A CN 96198239 A CN96198239 A CN 96198239A CN 96198239 A CN96198239 A CN 96198239A CN 1202195 A CN1202195 A CN 1202195A
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- inorganic salt
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- salt
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N (2s)-2-[2-[[(1s)-1,2-dicarboxyethyl]amino]ethylamino]butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSLCKQYQNVNTQI-BHFSHLQUSA-N (2s)-2-aminobutanedioic acid;(2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O PSLCKQYQNVNTQI-BHFSHLQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phosphonoethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(C)P(O)(O)=O MXYOPVWZZKEAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含水浆液,该浆液包括阴离子表面活性剂和硅铝酸盐,同时还具有适合喷射干燥的低粘度以生成松脆的、自由流动的粉末。该含水浆液进一步包括按重量计算少于5%的硅酸盐和按重量计算至少为1%的无机盐或无机盐的混合物,该无机盐的加入可以增加浆液的离子电导性。然后干燥浆液以生成一种粒状的洗涤组合物。
Description
本发明涉及制备一种粒状洗涤组合物的方法,具体地说是喷射干燥一种含水浆液。也公开了粒状洗涤组合物。
许多市售的粒状洗涤剂包括作为唯一的助洗剂或作为助洗剂系统的一个成分的硅铝酸钠。从例如公开于1983年11月28日的日本专利JP204098/1983已知,包括硅铝酸钠和水溶性硅酸盐的热的含水浆液,例如用于常规喷射干燥方法中的那些热的含水浆液,导致了不溶配合物的生成。这些不溶的配合物在洗衣用洗涤剂中很不理想,因为它们能导致在洗过的纤维上附有沉淀物。此外,没有硅酸盐作为粉末结构剂,喷射干燥的粉末的颗粒大小分布可能不能被广泛接受。
在含水浆液中水溶性硅酸盐存在下,各种其它的成分已被建议作为粉末结构剂,该结构剂可用于获得松脆的、自由流动的喷射干燥的粉末。包括在被建议为粉末结构剂中的物质是成膜聚合物:聚羧酸盐(例如,US-A-4 379 080);聚丙烯酸盐(例如,JP 204098/1983);蔗糖和衍生物(例如,EP-A-0 215 637);倍半碳酸钠(例如,EP-A-0 242 138)。
但是,除非配方设计师需要粉末结构剂作为活性成分,加之它们是一种价格很贵的操作助剂。
不包括水溶性硅酸盐或替代的粉末结构剂中之一的含水浆液很难进行喷射干燥。具体地说,当喷射干燥时,为了维持浆液的粘度足够低以提供具有所需颗粒大小的、松脆的、自由流动的颗粒,通常需要高的水浓度。高的水浓度的缺点是过量的水必须在干燥步骤中去除,这样做就需要大量的能量。
公开于1990年5月3日的世界专利WO90/04630描述了一种制备含碳酸盐的洗涤浆液的方法,该洗涤浆液包括一种烷基聚苷和一种碱金属氯化物。尽管硅酸盐(表VI中按重量计算为7%)存在,建议沸石A仍作为一种可能的助洗剂。
本发明的目的是通过从含水浆液中基本略去硅酸盐以避免沉淀的难题,该含水浆液包括阴离子表面活性剂和硅铝酸盐,并且同时提供一种适合喷射干燥的低粘度的浆液,以生成松脆的、自由流动的粉末。
发明概述
根据本发明,通过生成一种含水浆液然后干燥该含水浆液以生成粒状的洗涤组合物而达到此目的,该含水浆液进一步包括按重量计算少于5%的硅酸盐和按重量计算至少为1%的一种无机盐或无机盐的混合物,无机盐的加入可以增加该含水浆液的离子电导性。
无机盐优选是卤化物的一种碱金属或碱土金属盐或它们的混合物、硝酸盐或柠檬酸盐,最优选是氯化钠。
在本发明的一个更优选的实施方案中,加入无机盐的步骤提高含水浆液的离子电导性至少3毫西门子,优选至少5毫西门子。
本发明另一方面涉及喷射干燥的洗涤粉末组合物。优选的组合物包括:
至少一种表面活性剂,优选按重量计算至少为5%的表面活性剂;
按重量计算从2到80%,优选从10%到50%的硅铝酸盐;
按重量计算从1%到20%的一种选自下列物质的无机盐:碱金属卤化物、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐或它们的混合物、按重量计算优选从2%到10%的碱金属,优选是钠,氯化物,和
按重量计算少于5%,优选少于2%的硅酸盐。
发明的详细说明
本发明组合物的必要成分是硅铝酸盐助洗剂,例如具有下列经验式的那些硅铝酸盐:
Mz(zAlO2)y〕·xH2O其中,z和y是至少为6的整数,z对y的摩尔比范围从1.0到约0.5,x是从约15到约264的整数。
很有用的硅铝酸盐离子交换材料可以买到。这些硅铝酸盐在结构上可以是晶状的或无定形的且可以是天然存在的硅铝酸盐或是合成得到的。制备硅铝酸盐离子交换材料的方法公开在Krummel等人的、公开于1976年10月12日的美国专利3,985,669中。本发明很有用的优选的合成晶状硅铝酸盐离子交换材料市售的牌号为沸石A、沸石P(B)、沸石MAP、沸石X和沸石Y。在特别优选的实施方案中,晶状硅铝酸盐离子交换材料具有式:
Na12〔(AlO2)12(SiO2)12〕·xH2O其中,x从约20到约30,尤其约27。这种材料已知为沸石A。脱水了的沸石(x=0-10)和“过度干燥”的沸石(x=10-20)也可以用在本发明中。当需要低湿度环境时,例如为改善如过硼酸盐和过碳酸盐的洗涤漂白剂的稳定性,“过度干燥”的沸石特别有用。硅铝酸盐优选具有的颗粒大小直径约为0.1-10微米。优选的离子交换材料具有的颗粒大小直径从约0.2微米到约4微米。本文的术语“颗粒大小直径”代表一种按重量计算的特定的离子交换材料的平均颗粒大小,该平均颗粒大小通过常规的分析技术测定,例如,利用扫描电子显微镜的显微镜测定。本文中的晶状沸石A材料的进一步的特征通常在于它们的钙离子交换能力,该离子交换能力在无水基础上计算至少约为硅铝酸盐的CaCO3水硬度/g的200mg当量,通常在从约300mgeq./g到约352mg eq./g的范围。本文中的晶状沸石A材料的进一步的特征还在于它们的钙离子交换速率,该交换速率基于钙离子硬度至少约为硅铝酸盐(无水基础)的2格令Ca++/加仑/分钟/克/加仑(0.13g Ca++/升/分钟/克/升),通常在从约2格令/加仑/分钟/克/如仑(0.13gCa++/升/分钟/克/升)到约6格令/如仑/分钟/克/加仑(0.39g Ca++/升/分钟/克/升)。作为助洗剂的最理想的硅铝酸盐显示钙离子交换速率至少约为4格令/加仑/分钟/克/加仑(0.26g Ca++/升/分钟/克/升)。
本发明的粒状附聚物也包括其它洗涤成分。
高脂肪酸的水溶性盐,即“皂”,在本发明的组合物中是很有用的阴离子表面活性剂。这种阴离子表面活性剂包括碱金属皂,例如含从约8到约24个碳原子,优选含从约12到约18个碳原子的高级脂肪酸的钠、钾、铵和烷基铵的盐。皂能通过脂肪和油的直接皂化或通过游离脂肪酸的中和来制备。特别有用的高级脂肪酸的水溶性盐是从椰子油和动物油中衍生的脂肪酸混合物的钠和钾盐,即动物油和椰子油的钠皂或钾皂。
很有用的阴离子表面活性剂也包括水溶性的盐,优选是有机硫反应产物的碱金属、铵和羟烷基铵的盐,该有机硫反应产物在它们的分子结构上具有一个含从约10到约20个碳原子的烷基基团和一个磺酸或硫酸酯基。(包括在术语“烷基”中的是酰基基团的烷基部分。)这种合成表面活性剂的实例是烷基硫酸钠和烷基硫酸钾,尤其是通过使高级醇(C8-C18个碳原子)硫酸化获得的那些烷基硫酸钠和烷基硫酸钾,这样的高级醇例如通过还原动物油或椰子油的甘油酯制备的那些高级醇;和烷基苯磺酸钠和烷基苯磺酸钠钾,其中的烷基基团含从约9到约15个碳原子,为直链或支链构型,例如,描述在美国专利Nos.2,220,099和2,477,383中的那些类型;和磺酸甲酯。尤其有价值的是线性直链烷基苯磺酸盐,其中烷基基团的平均碳原子数从约11到13,缩写为C11-C13LAS。
本发明中其它的阴离子表面活性剂是烷基甘油醚磺酸钠,尤其是从动物油和椰子油衍生来的那些高级醇醚;椰子油脂肪酸单甘油酯磺酸钠和椰子油脂肪酸单甘油酯硫酸钠;烷基苯酚环氧乙烷醚硫酸钠或钾盐,这些盐的每分子中包含从约1到约10个单位的环氧乙烷,并且其中烷基基团包含从约8到约12个碳原子;和烷基环氧乙烷醚硫酸钠或钾盐,这些盐的每分子中包含从约1到约10个单位的环氧乙烷,并且其中烷基基团包含从约10到约20个碳原子。
本发明其它有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括α-磺酸化的脂肪酸酯的水溶性盐,该盐在脂肪酸基团上含从约6到20个碳原子,在酯基团上含从约1到10个碳原子;2-酰基氧基-烷烃-1-磺酸的水溶性盐,该盐在酰基基团上含从约2到9个碳原子,在烷烃部分含从约9到约23个碳原子;烷基醚硫酸盐,该盐在烷基基团上含从约10到20个碳原子和从约1到30摩尔的环氧乙烷;烯烃磺酸盐的水溶性盐,该盐含从约12到24个碳原子;和β-烷基氧基烷烃磺酸盐,该盐在烷基基团上含从约1到3个碳原子,在烷烃部分含从约8到约20个碳原子。
水溶性的非离子表面活性剂在本发明的组合物中也是很有用的表面活性剂。事实上,优选的方法是使用阴离子/非离子的共混物。这样的非离子材料包括通过缩合环氧烷基团(性质为亲水性)与性质可以为脂族的或烷基芳香族的有机疏水化合物来制备。与任何特殊的疏水基团缩合的聚氧基亚烷基基团的长度能很容易地进行调节以得到一种水溶性的在疏水和亲水单元之间具有所需的平衡度的化合物。
合适的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基苯酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物,例如,烷基苯酚的缩合产物,该物质具有含从约6到16个碳原子的、可以是直链或支链构型的一个烷基基团,每摩尔烷基苯酚含从约4到25摩尔的环氧乙烷。
优选的非离子表面活性剂是脂族醇的水溶性缩合产物,该物质含从8到22个碳原子,可以是直链或支链构型,每摩尔醇具有从1到25摩尔的环氧乙烷,尤其是每摩尔醇具有从2到7摩尔的环氧乙烷。特别优选的是具有一个烷基基团的醇的缩合产物,其中的烷基基团含从约9到15个碳原子;和环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷的缩合产物。
其它优选的非离子表面活性剂是聚羟基脂肪酸酰胺,该物质可通过使一种脂肪酸酯和一种N-烷基聚羟基胺反应来制备。用于本发明的优选的胺是N-(R1)-CH2(CH2OH)4-CH2-OH,优选的酯是C12-C20的脂肪酸甲酯。最优选的是N-甲基葡糖酰胺(可从葡萄糖衍生出来)与C12-C20的脂肪酸甲酯的反应产物。
制造聚羟基脂肪酸酰胺的方法已经描述在公开于1992年4月16日的世界专利WO 9206073中。该专利描述了在溶剂的存在下聚羟基脂肪酸酰胺的制备。在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,N-甲基葡糖酰胺与C12-C20的甲酯反应。也可以说,粒状洗涤组合物的配方设计师可能发现在溶剂存在下进行酰胺化反应很方便,该溶剂包括烷氧基化的尤其是乙氧基化的(EO 3-8)C12-C14醇(第15页,22-27行)。这样直接得到适用于本发明的非离子表面活性剂系统,例如包括N-甲基葡糖酰胺和每分子有平均3个乙氧基化的基团的C12-C14醇的那些非离子表面活性剂系统。
半极性的非离子表面活性剂包括水溶性氧化胺,该氧化胺包括从约10到18个碳原子的烷基部分和选自下列基团的两个部分:含从1到约3个碳原子的烷基基团和羟基烷基基团;水溶性氧化膦,该氧化膦包含约10到18个碳原子的一个烷基部分和选自下列基团的两个部分:含从约1到3个碳原子的烷基基团和羟基烷基基团;和水溶性的亚砜,该亚砜包含从约10到18个碳原子的一个烷基部分和选自下列基团的一个部分:从约1到3个碳原子的烷基和羟基烷基部分。
两性表面活性剂包括杂环仲和叔胺的脂族或脂族衍生物的衍生物,在该物质中,脂族部分可以是直链或支链,其中脂族取代基之一含从约8到18个碳原子且至少一种脂族取代基含一个阴离子水加溶基团。
两性离子表面活性剂包括脂族季铵磷的衍生物,和锍化物,其中脂族取代基之一含从约8到18个碳原子。
很有用的阳离子表面活性剂包括以R4R6R6R7N+X-形式存在的水溶性季胺化合物,其中R4是具有从10到20优选从12-18个碳原子的烷基,R5、R6和R7中的每一个都是C1到C7的烷基,优选是甲基;X-是阴离子,例如,氯。这样的三甲基铵化合物的实例包括C12-14烷基三甲基氯化铵和可可烷基(cocalkyl)三甲基甲基硫酸铵。
本发明的粒状洗涤剂能包含在溶液中pH为7或更大的中性或碱性盐,性质上可以是有机的或无机的。助洗剂盐有助于对本发明的洗涤颗粒提供所需的密度和容积。一些助洗剂盐是惰性的,但是许多这种盐在洗衣用溶液中起洗涤助洗剂材料的作用。
很有用的水溶性盐包括通常作为洗涤助洗剂材料的化合物。助洗剂通常选自下列各种水溶性物质:碱金属、磷酸铵或取代磷酸铵、聚磷酸盐、膦酸盐、多膦酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、硼酸盐和聚羟基磺酸盐。优选的是碱金属和上述的盐,碱金属中尤其是钠。
无机磷酸助洗剂的特殊实例是三聚磷酸钠和钾、焦磷酸盐、聚合度从约6到21的聚合的偏磷酸盐和正磷酸盐。多膦酸盐助洗剂的实例是亚乙基二膦酸的钠和钾盐、乙烷1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸的钠和钾盐和乙烷1,1,2-三膦酸的钠和钾盐。其它磷助洗剂化合物公开于美国专利Nos.3,159,581;3,213,030;3,422,021;3,422,137;3,400,176和3,400,148中,并纳入本文作为参考文献。
无机非磷助洗剂的实例是碳酸钠和碳酸钾、碳酸氢盐、倍半碳酸盐、四硼酸盐十水合物和硅酸盐,该硅酸盐的SiO2对碱金属氧化物的摩尔比率从约0.5到约4.0,优选从约1.0到约2.4。聚合物
各种有机聚合物也很有用,它们中的一些也可以起助洗剂的作用以改善洗涤性。在这样的聚合物中可以被提及的是:羧基-低级烷基纤维素钠、低级烷基纤维素钠和羟基-低级烷基纤维素钠,例如,羧基甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素钠和羟基丙基纤维素钠、氨基酸的均-和共聚物(尤其是天冬氨酸谷氨酸的均-和共聚物)、聚乙烯醇(也经常包括一些聚乙酸乙烯酯)、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯和各种共聚物,例如马来酸和丙烯酸的共聚物,尤其是马来酸/丙烯酸/乙烯基醇的三元共聚物。这样的共聚物的分子量变化范围很大,但是最大的范围不超过2,000到100,000。其它合适的聚合物是聚胺N-氧化物的聚合物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和N-乙烯基咪唑的共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物、聚乙烯基噁唑烷酮和聚乙烯基咪唑或它们的混合物。
聚合的聚羧酸盐助洗剂在Diehl的、1967年3月7日公开的美国专利3,308,067中提出。这样的材料包括脂族羧酸的均-和共聚物的水溶性盐,其中的脂族羧酸例如,马来酸、衣康酸、中康酸、富马酸、乌头酸、柠康酸、亚甲基丙二酸、甲基丙烯酸和PEG。在本发明中,从含水浆液中基本略去聚合的聚羧酸盐是优选的。基本略去少于5%的聚合的聚羧酸盐是优选的,更优选少于2%,含水浆液按重量计算。无机盐
当技术人员有很宽范围的能从中选择的无机盐时,该无机盐应该导致含水浆液的离子电导性的增加是本发明的本质特征。含水浆液的离子电导性不仅取决于使用的无机盐而且也取决于使用的无机盐的量,也取决于含水浆液组合物。已经发现,尤其是氯化物的卤化物、硝酸盐和柠檬酸盐是特别有效的无机盐,该无机盐当在优选的水平使用时,具有增加含水浆液的离子电导性的效果。碳酸盐和硫酸盐的效果差一些,而且可能导致浆液的离子电导性的减少。不希望被理论束缚,可以相信,含水浆液更高的离子电导性抑制了随后很难干燥的高粘度表面活性剂相的生成。通过促进表面活性剂相具有低粘度,含水浆液更容易生成具有良好颗粒大小分布的、自由流动的、松脆的颗粒。硅油
颗粒泡沫抑制剂也可以通过干态添加掺入最终组合物中。这些颗粒的泡沫抑制活动优选地以脂肪酸或硅氧烷为基础。任选成分
本发明的组合物可包括通常使用在洗涤组合物中的其它成分。这些成分包括流动助剂、色斑剂、漂白剂和漂白加速剂、增泡剂或消泡剂、抗消光剂和抗腐蚀剂、污垢悬浮剂、阴离子和非离子去垢剂、染料、粘土、絮凝剂、STS、填料、荧光增白剂、杀菌剂、pH调节剂、非助洗剂碱性源、水溶助长剂、酶、酶稳定剂、螯合剂(包括EDDS)和香料。
这些任选成分,尤其是荧光增白剂,可以直接加入本文的附聚物中或也可以是分离颗粒的成分,适于干态加入本发明的附聚物中。制备
含水浆液可以通过分批或连续的方法制备。使用分批混合器或“搅和机”最方便,将各种洗涤成分在该设备中或者溶解在水中,或者与水形成浆液。含水浆液典型地包含按重量计算从约20%到约60%的水,尤其是按重量计算从约30%到约40%的水。这就涉及搅和机的混合湿度。在本发明方法中,含水浆液的无机盐和其它成分的加入(或“搅和机混合”)的次序并不严格。包括无机盐的含水浆液的离子电导性必须比不含无机盐的含水浆液的离子电导性大是本发明的本质特征。优选地,无机盐的加入导致含水浆液具有的离子电导性至少比略去无机盐的相应的含水浆液高3毫西门子。
含水浆液的干燥可以通过本领域技术人员公知的几种方法中的任何一种来获得,但是优选地通过喷射干燥来制备。沿喷射干燥路线,制备包含固体的含水浆液。然后在高压下将该浆液通过喷嘴喷入一干燥塔中,在这里去除过量的水,制备出可流动的粉末。然后可以将得到的粉末与液体成分尤其是非离子表面活性剂一起进行过度喷射,因为粉末在失去它的良好的流动性之前,具有很高的吸附能力。最终洗衣用洗涤剂的其它粉末状成分可以干燥地与上述方法制备的可流动的粉末混合。测试方法电导性测试程序
1.制备15kg的含水浆液样品以备喷射干燥。
2.将样品放入直径为400mm、高度为500mm的大桶中。
3.使混合物冷却至30℃。
4.用Jenwat 4020电导性测量仪表测量该含水浆液的电导性。实施例
含水浆液组合物(按重量计算%)
参考文献 实施例 实施例 实施例 实施例
1 2 3 4LAS 11.2 11.2 11.7 11.2 11.2沸石A 26.2 26.2 30.0 26.2 26.2水 33.0 33.0 34.5 33.0 33.0螯合剂 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3增白剂 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1硫酸镁 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3羧基甲基纤维素 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3HEDP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3丙烯酸和马来酸 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4的共聚物杂项 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2硫酸钠 25.7 21.4 21.4 24.3 18.5氯化钠 0 4.3 1.4 7.2 0柠檬酸钠 0 0 0 0 4.3电导性 10 19 17 21 13(毫西门子)
含水浆液组合物(按重量计算%)
实施例 实施例 实施例 实施例 实施例
5 6 7 8 9LAS 11.2 11.2 11.7 11.2 11.2沸石A 26.2 26.2 30.0 26.2 26.2水 33.0 33.0 34.5 33.0 33.0螯合剂 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3增白剂 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1硫酸镁 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3羧基甲基纤维素 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3HEDP 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3丙烯酸和马来酸 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4的共聚物杂项 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2硫酸钠 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4氯化钾 4.3 0 0 0 0硝酸钾 0 4.3 0 0 0柠檬酸钾 0 0 4.3 0 0氯化钙 0 0 0 4.3 0硝酸钙 0 0 0 0 4.3电导性 19 17 13 16 14(毫西门子)
将含水浆液加热至70℃并且使其通过一系列的加压泵。这样使混合物的压力增至不高于80bar。然后在100bar的压力下将空气注入该混合物中。然后将高压混合物加入喷射干燥塔的上部。在这里混合物通过一套孔径范围不大于1mm的喷嘴喷出。这些喷嘴将浆液雾化成小滴。当这些颗粒从干燥塔中落下时与275℃的热空气接触,停留时间不多于180秒,使得水分从它们中去除。在塔底,收集密度范围为300-500g/l的喷出的粉末。得到的喷出的粉末具有的湿度范围为5-15%,且大多数颗粒具有的颗粒大小范围为150-1200微米。
Claims (10)
1.制备一种粒状洗涤组合物的方法,该方法包括:
(a)生成一种包括水、阴离子表面活性剂和至少0.5%的硅铝酸钠的含水浆液,
(b)向该含水浆液中加入一种无机盐或无机盐的混合物,
(c)干燥该浆液其特征在于该含水浆液包括按重量计算至少为1%的无机盐,该无机盐的加入可以增加含水浆液的离子电导性,其中含水浆液包括按重量计算少于5%的硅酸盐。
2.权利要求1中的方法,其中无机盐选自下列物质:卤化物的碱金属盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐或他们的混合物。
3.权利要求1中的方法,其中无机盐选自下列物质:卤化物的碱土金属盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐或他们的混合物。
4.权利要求2中的方法,其中无机盐是氯化钠。
5.上述任意一项权利要求中的方法,其中加入无机盐的步骤将含水浆液的离子电导性至少提高了3毫西门子。
6.权利要求1中方法,其中阴离子表面活性剂按重量计算的范围为1%到50%,更优选从5%到20%。
7.权利要求1中的方法,其中硅铝酸钠按重量计算的范围为1%到50%,更优选从5%到30%。
8.权利要求1中的方法,其中无机盐按重量计算的范围为1%到50%,更优选从1%到10%。
9.一种喷射干燥的粉末,该粉末包括:
(a)至少一种表面活性剂,
(b)按重量计算从2%到80%的硅铝酸盐,
(c)按重量计算从1%到20%的一种无机盐,该无机盐选自下列物质:卤化物的碱金属和碱土金属盐或它们的混合物、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐或它们的混合物,和
(d)按重量计算少于5%的硅酸盐。
10.权利要求9中的一种喷射干燥的粉末,该粉末包括:
(a)按重量计算至少5%的表面活性剂;
(b)按重量计算从10%到50%的硅铝酸盐,
(c)按重量计算从2%到10%的碱金属和氯化物,其中碱金属优选是钠,和
(d)按重量计算少于2%的硅酸盐。
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NZ243130A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1994-02-25 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Preparation of free-flowing spray-dried particulate detergent by |
US5565422A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1996-10-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing a free-flowing particulate detergent composition having improved solubility |
-
1995
- 1995-09-18 AT AT95306547T patent/ATE244294T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-18 DE DE69531207T patent/DE69531207T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-18 ES ES95306547T patent/ES2202343T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-18 EP EP95306547A patent/EP0763594B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-06 ZA ZA967561A patent/ZA967561B/xx unknown
- 1996-09-13 CA CA002231577A patent/CA2231577C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-13 CZ CZ98708A patent/CZ70898A3/cs unknown
- 1996-09-13 HU HU9901581A patent/HUP9901581A3/hu unknown
- 1996-09-13 TR TR1998/00489T patent/TR199800489T1/xx unknown
- 1996-09-13 CN CNB96198239XA patent/CN1168814C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-13 IL IL12365196A patent/IL123651A0/xx unknown
- 1996-09-13 BR BR9610630A patent/BR9610630A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-13 WO PCT/US1996/014864 patent/WO1997011149A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-18 AR ARP960104387A patent/AR003608A1/es unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-17 MX MX9802108A patent/MX9802108A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1109579C (zh) * | 1999-08-17 | 2003-05-28 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 催化剂用分子筛浆液的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0763594B1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
WO1997011149A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 |
CN1168814C (zh) | 2004-09-29 |
MX9802108A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
EP0763594A1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
CA2231577A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 |
ATE244294T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
TR199800489T1 (xx) | 1998-06-22 |
HUP9901581A2 (hu) | 1999-08-30 |
DE69531207D1 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
AR003608A1 (es) | 1998-08-05 |
BR9610630A (pt) | 1999-03-16 |
CZ70898A3 (cs) | 1998-10-14 |
HUP9901581A3 (en) | 2000-10-30 |
DE69531207T2 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
ES2202343T3 (es) | 2004-04-01 |
IL123651A0 (en) | 1998-10-30 |
CA2231577C (en) | 2002-11-19 |
ZA967561B (en) | 1997-06-10 |
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