CN1200398A - 含点火促进剂的汽油组合物 - Google Patents
含点火促进剂的汽油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1200398A CN1200398A CN98108492.3A CN98108492A CN1200398A CN 1200398 A CN1200398 A CN 1200398A CN 98108492 A CN98108492 A CN 98108492A CN 1200398 A CN1200398 A CN 1200398A
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- fuel composition
- fuel
- nitrogen
- gasoline
- organic compound
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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Images
Classifications
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有沸程在汽油范围内的烃类燃料和选自有机硝酸酯及/或有机硝基化合物的有机含氮化合物的燃料组合物。此燃料组合物呈现点火性能改善,包括废气排放减少及点火不良现象减少。
Description
本发明涉及在汽油组合物中有机硝酸酯及/或有机硝基化合物的应用。此外，本发明进一步还针对其点火性能改善及冷启动废气排放减少的汽油组合物。
按照Fulcher等人标题为“The Effects of Fuel Atomization，Vaporization，and Mixing on the Cold-Start UHC Emission of aContemporary S.I.Engine with Intake-Manifold Injection”的文章，装配火花点火式引擎的近代汽车，按照联邦政府汽车废气排放标准，在其FTP75半小时运行循环的前5分钟内，产生了几乎约占80％的总排气管未燃烃类废气排放。因为在美国这个循环代表行进车辆行程近一半的旅程特性，如果对汽车烃类废气排放的规定值和实际值两者要降低，必须注意对于“冷启动过渡”的研究。
对于减少冷启动所产生的烃类废气排放，曾有许多尝试。大多数的这些尝试都是注意了改进引擎本身和供给燃料的方式。现已发现，在汽油的配方物中使用添加剂，可以降低冷启动产生的烃类废气排放，特别是使用选自有机硝酸酯及/或有机硝基化合物的有机含氮化合物添加剂。
将有机硝酸酯及有机硝基化合物添加至柴油中作为十六烷值改进剂已经有多年。自从30年代以来，有机硝酸酯就已用于柴油燃料中，借以提高其十六烷值，从而使其自点火性能充分达到柴油引擎运转的水平。
对于沸程在汽油范围内燃料，由于采用的是火花点火式的内燃机，却希望该燃料要有足够的辛烷值，以防止其自点火。
现已发现，在汽油中使用选自有机硝酸酯及/或有机硝基化合物的有机含氮化合物，以特定的处理速率，可使其点火性能改善，从而有利于燃料的经济性、冷启动点火、贫气燃烧及废气排放。点火性能改善是以减少或完全消除引擎点火不良为根据的。将通常被认为是十六烷值改进剂的有机含氮化合物添加至汽油中，看来是令人费解的。因为在将其加到汽油中时，这种提高柴油燃料十六烷值的添加剂被认为是属于助爆剂的，但却发现，当以特定的处理速率将有机硝酸酯化合物或有机硝基化合物添加到汽油中时，对于汽油的辛烷值并无不利影响，却同时改善了燃料的点火性能，这是令人惊奇的。
本发明包括其中包含沸程在汽油范围内的大量烃类和已掺混约1～1000ppm的至少一种选自有机硝酸酯、有机硝基化合物及其混合物的有机含氮化合物的燃料组合物。
此外，本发明还包括一种改善火花点火式内燃机点火性能的方法，其中所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加及燃烧一种燃料组合物，其中包含沸程在汽油范围内的大量烃类和少量选自有机硝酸酯、有机硝基化合物及其混合物的有机含氮化合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是针对一种减少火花点火式内燃机点火不良现象的方法，所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加及燃烧一种燃料组合物，其中包含沸程在汽油范围的大量烃类及少量的选自有机硝酸酯、有机硝基化合物及其混合物的有机含氮化合物。
点火不良现象的发生是由于火花不足造成燃料的非最佳点火或由于空气对燃料比不足造成部分燃烧的结果。这些现象在冷启动和瞬变操作时经常发生。点火不良导致废气排放量高和燃料经济性较低，这是由于未燃烧燃料损失的结果。无点火不良的冷启动是最为理想的，这样可以减少废气排放和改善燃料的经济性。本发明的组合物能够做到无点火不良现象的冷启动。
此外，本发明的组合物还可以减少甚至防止燃料的部分燃烧。通过保证燃料完全燃烧，使未燃烧的烃类废气排放量降低，和燃料的经济性改善。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，是将含氮化合物添加至含有大量沸程在汽油范围内的烃类燃料中，以便于减小行程周期间的偏差。行程周期间偏差的发生是由于汽缸之间，或于单汽缸的顺序操作之间不稳定的燃烧的结果。本发明的燃料组合物促进了更多的燃烧，进而能够减小行程周期间的偏差。
图1表示三种未进行添加的普通无铅汽油(RUL)在冷启动时烃类废气排放随时间变化的函数关系。图中的尖峰表示烃类排放急剧增加，意味着引擎点火不良。图2表示三种含100ppm的硝酸2-乙基己酯的普通无铅汽油(RUL)在冷启动时烃类废气排放随时间变化的函数关系。含硝酸酯的燃料未出现点火不良的现象，因此相对于图1的废气排放，它减少了未燃烧的烃类排放物。
本发明点火促进剂是一种选自至少一种有机硝酸酯、至少一种有机硝基化合物、或其混合物的有机含氮化合物。优选的有机硝酸酯是具有多至约10个碳原子，优选2～10个碳原子的有取代基或无取代基的烷基、环烷基、或芳基的硝酸酯。烷基基团可以是直链的或支链的。适用于本发明的硝酸酯化合物的具体实施例包括，但不局限于，以下的：
硝酸甲酯、 硝酸乙酯
硝酸正丙酯、 硝酸异丙酯
硝酸烯丙基酯、 硝酸正丁酯
硝酸异丁酯、 硝酸仲丁酯
硝酸叔丁酯、 硝酸正戊酯
硝酸异戊酯、 硝酸2-戊酯
硝酸3-戊酯、 硝酸叔-戊酯
硝酸正己酯、 硝酸2-乙基己酯、
硝酸正庚酯、 硝酸仲庚酯
硝酸正辛酯、 硝酸仲辛酯、
硝酸正壬酯、 硝酸正癸酯、
硝酸特正十二烷基酯、 硝酸环戊酯
硝酸环己酯、 硝酸甲基环己酯
硝酸异丙基环己酯，
以及烷氧基取代脂肪醇的硝酸酯、如1-甲氧丙基-2-硝酸酯、1-乙氧丙基-2-硝酸酯、1-异丙氧丁基硝酸酯、1-乙氧丁基硝酸酯等。优选的硝酸烷基酯是硝酸乙酯、硝酸丙酯、硝酸戊酯和硝酸己酯。其它优选硝酸烷基酯是硝酸伯戊基酯或硝酸伯己基酯的混合物。在本发明中，“伯”指的是硝酸酯官能团是连接在其上有两个氢原子的碳原子上的。硝酸伯己基酯的实例就是硝酸正己酯，硝酸2-乙基己酯、硝酸4-甲基-正庚酯等。硝酸酯的制备可以采用任何一般常用的方法，诸如，相应醇的酯化，或相应烷基卤与硝酸银的反应。
优选的硝基化合物包括，但不局限于，硝基甲苯及二硝基甲苯。
汽油中还可以有任何数量的对燃料辛烷值没有不利影响而能促进点火的有机含氮化合物。优选地是，在汽油配方物中的有机含氮化合物含量在约1～1000ppm(按体积/体积计)，更优选为约10～300ppm和最优选为50～100ppm。
在本发明实施中所用的汽油，可以是在汽油沸程范围内的烃类传统调和物或混合物，或它们可以含有含氧调和组分，诸如沸点温度适宜和燃料溶解度适宜的醇及/或醚，如甲醇、乙醇、甲基叔丁醚(MTBE)、乙基叔丁醚(ETBE)、叔戊基甲醚(TAME)及由“氧化”汽油及/或沸程在汽油范围内的烯烃所形成的混合含氧产物。因此，本发明涉及汽油的应用，包括为满足各国政府有关基础燃料本身的组成、用于燃料中的成分、性能判据、毒理考虑及/或环境考虑的法规而制订的所谓重配方汽油。因此，可以改变用于燃料中的含氧组分、清净剂、抗氧剂及破乳化剂等的数量，以满足各种实施的政府法规，但以这种做法的用量实际不削弱本发明实施中可能达到的改善点火性能的效果为前提。
尽管并非本发明目的所要求，但优选的是本发明组合物包括其它添加剂，诸如一环戊二烯基或多环戊二烯基的三羰基锰化合物、清净剂、抗氧剂、破乳剂、缓蚀剂及/或金属钝化剂等。因此，现将这样任选的，但为优选的，用于本发明配方物的组分描述于下：
环戊二烯基的三羰基锰化合物。这种类型的化合物对燃料构成的综合效益是特别有用的。这些化合物能够有效提高燃料的辛烷值。此外，这些化合物还有效地减少了引擎的有害尾气排放量。适用于本发明实施说明性的环戊二烯基的三羰基锰化合物包括，诸如三羰基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基二甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基三甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基四甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基五甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基乙基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基二乙基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基丙基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基异丙基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基叔丁基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基辛基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基十二烷基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基乙基甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基茚基锰等，包括两种或两种以上的这些化合物的混合物。优选的是三羰基环戊二烯基锰类，它们在室温下均为液体，诸如三羰基甲基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基乙基环戊二烯基锰、三羰基环戊二烯基锰与三羰基甲基环戊二烯基锰的液体混合物、三羰基甲基环戊二烯基锰与三羰基乙基环戊二烯基锰的混合物等。这些化合物的制备方法在文献中如USP 2,818,417有所描述。
清净剂。各种不同类型的许多适宜汽油清净剂的添加剂均可包括在本发明的汽油燃料组合物中。这些清净剂包括琥珀酰亚胺清净剂/分散剂、长链脂肪多胺、长链曼尼奇碱和氨基甲酸酯清净剂。
用于汽油理想的琥珀酰亚胺清净剂/分散剂是通过一种包括使乙烯多胺如二乙烯三胺或三乙烯四胺与至少一种丙烯酰基羰基取代琥珀酰化剂反应的方法而制备的。这种酰化剂的取代基的特征在于含有平均约50～100个碳原子(优选约50～90个和最优选约64～80个)。此外，此酰化剂酸值在约0.7～1.3的范围(如0.9～1.3，或0.7～1.1的范围)、更优选在0.8～1.0的范围，或在1.0～1.2的范围，最优选在约0.9。此清净剂/分散剂的分子结构中含有约平均每摩尔所述多胺1.5～2.2摩尔(优选为1.7～1.9或1.9～2.1，更优选为1.8～2.0，和最优选为约1.8)的化学结合型酰化剂。此多胺可以是一种通常由直链、支链和环状物种所构成的纯化合物或工业级的乙烯多胺类。
此清净剂/分散剂的丙烯酰羰基取代基团，优选为具有如上指定所必须碳数的烷基或链烯基基团。衍生于分子量适宜的聚烯烃的均聚物或共聚物(如丙烯均聚物、丁烯均聚物C3-和C4-烯烃共聚物，和其它等)的链烯基取代基团都是适用的。最优选地是，此取代基团是一种由聚异丁烯构成的聚异丁烯基团，其平均分子量在700～1200范围(按凝胶渗透色谱法确定)，优选900～1100，最优选940～1000。这种聚合材料的已有厂家均能完全鉴定它们自己的聚合材料的平均分子量数。因此，在通常的情况下，材料的生产厂家给出的标称平均分子量数具有相当的可靠程度，是可以信赖的。
丙烯酰羰基取代琥珀酸的酰化剂及其制备方法和在形成琥珀酰亚胺中的应用都是本领域技术人员众所周知的，而且在专利文献中也有大量的报导。参见下述美国专利USP的实施例：
3,018,247 3,231,587 3,399,141
3,018,250 3,272,746 3,401,118
3,018,291 3,287,271 3,513,093
3,172,892 3,311,558 3,576,743
3,184,474 3,331,776 3,578,422
3,185,704 3,341,542 3,658,494
3,194,812 3,346,354 3,658,495
3,194,814 3,347,645 3,912,764
3,202,678 3,361,673 4,110,349
3,215,707 3,373,111 4,234,435
3,219,666 3,381,022 5,071,919
使用燃料可溶的长链脂肪多胺在馏份燃料中的作为进气清洁添加剂在下述美国专利中有所描述：USP 3,438,757；3,454,555；3,485,601；3,565,804；3,573,010；3,574,576；3,671,511；3,746,520；3,756,793；3,844,958；3,852,258；3,864,098；3,876,704；3,884,647；3,898,056；3,950,426；3,960,515；4,022,598；4,039,300；4,128,403；4,166,726；4,168,242；5,034,471；5,086,115；以及发布的欧洲专利申请EPA384,086。
为控制内燃机进气系统沉积物的生成，在汽油中使用由一种长链烷基酚、甲醛(或其甲醛前体)及一种多胺构成的燃料可溶的曼尼奇碱添加剂，在美国专利USP 4,231,759实施例中有描述。
氨基甲酸酯燃料清净剂是含有聚醚及一种通过氨基甲酸酯键合连接的胺基团的组合物。这种类型的典型化合物在美国专利USP4,270,930中有描述。这种类型的一种优选材料市场上可通过Chevron ChemicalCompany公司提供，为OGA-480添加剂。
抗氧剂。已知用作氧化抑制剂的各种化合物均可用于本发明的实施。这些化合物包括酚型抗氧剂、胺型抗氧剂、硫化酚化合物，及有机亚磷酸酯以及其它等。效果最佳的抗氧剂的组成应当主要或完全是(1)、一种受阻酚型抗氧剂，诸如2，6-二-叔丁基酚、4-甲基-2，6-二-叔丁基酚、2，4-二甲基-6-叔丁基酚、4，4’-亚甲基双(2，6-二-叔丁基酚)，及混合亚甲基桥连的多烷基酚类，或(2)、一种芳香胺型抗氧剂，诸如环烷基-二-低分子烷基胺类，及苯二胺，或一种或数种这样的酚型抗氧剂与一种或数种这样的胺型抗氧剂的组合。特别优选用于本发明实施的是叔丁基酚的组合，诸如2，6-二-叔丁基酚、2，4，6-三-叔丁基酚及邻-叔丁基酚。也可使用N，N’-二低分子烷基苯二胺，如N，N’-二-仲丁基对苯二胺及其同系物，以及这些苯二胺及这样的叔丁基酚的组合。
破乳剂。许多各种不同的破乳剂均可用于本发明的实施，包括例如，有机磺酸盐、聚氧化烯乙二醇类、烷氧化酚树脂等材料。特别优选地是，烷芳基磺酸盐、聚氧化烯乙二醇类及烷氧化烷基酚树脂的混合物，如在市场上Petrolite Corporation公司提供的商标为TOLAD的产品。有一种这样的专有产品，被标记为TOLAD 286K，被认为是这些组分溶于由烷基苯组成的溶剂的混合物。现已发现这种产品用于本发明的组合物是有效的。相关产品，TOLAD 286，也是适用的。在这种情况下，此产品显然含有溶于由重质芳烃石脑油及异丙醇所组成的溶剂中的同类活性组分。但是，其它已知的破乳剂也可使用。
缓蚀剂。这里同样有许多各种各样的材料可用于本发明的实施。因此，可以使用二聚和三聚酸，如由妥尔油脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸等生产的二聚和三聚酸。这种类型的产物目前有许多商业来源，例如由HumkoChemical Division of Witco Chemical Corporation公司出售的商标为HYSTRENE的以及由Emery Chemicals公司出售的商标为EMPOL二聚和三聚酸。另外对于本发明实施适宜类型的缓蚀剂是链烯基琥珀酸及链烯基琥珀酐缓蚀剂，诸如像四聚丙烯基琥珀酸、四聚丙烯基琥珀酐、十四烯基琥珀酸、十四烯基琥珀酐、十六烯基琥珀酸、十六烯基琥珀酐等。在链烯基中具有8～24个碳原子的链烯基琥珀酸与醇如聚乙二醇类的半酯也可使用。
以下通式表示的氨基琥珀酸或其衍生物也可使用：
其中R1、R2、R5、R6及R7各自为氢原子或含1～30个碳原子的羰基基团，其中R3及R4的各自为氢原子、含1～30个碳原子的羰基基团、或含1～30个碳原子的酰基基团。
基团R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6及R7在为羰基基团时，可以例如是含烷基、环烷基、芳香基的基团。优选R1及R5是相同或不同的含1～20个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基。最优选R1及R5是含3～6个碳原子饱和烃基。R2或R3或R4，R6及R7在为羰基基团时，优选是相同或不同的直链或支链的饱和烃基。优选地是，采用氨基琥珀酸双烷基酯，其中R1及R5是相同或不同的含3～6个碳原子的烷基基团。R2是氢原子，和R3或R4是含15～20个碳原子的烷基基团，或衍生于含2～10个碳原子的饱和或不饱和羧酸的酰基基团。
最优选的是上述通式中的氨基琥珀酸二烷基酯，其中的R1及R5为异丁基，R2是氢原子，R3是十八基及/或十八烯基，和R4是3-羧基-1-氧代-2-丙烯基。在这样的酯中R6及R7最优选为氢原子。
金属钝化剂。如果需要，本发明的燃料组合物可以含有一种能与重金属如铜等形成络合物的传统型金属钝化剂。通常所用金属钝化剂是汽油可溶的N，N’-二亚水杨基-1，2-烷二胺，或N，N’-二亚水杨基-1，2-环烷二胺，或其混合物。实施例包括N，N’-二亚水杨基-1，2-乙二胺、N，N’-二亚水杨基-1，2-丙二胺、N，N’-二亚水杨基-1，2-环己烷二胺及N，N”-二亚水杨基-N’-甲基二丙烯三胺。
对于各种可以包括在本发明的汽油组合物中的添加剂，均使用其常规量。因此，对于本发明的实施，对这些任选添加剂的添加量是不苛求的。在各种具体的情况下的用量均要足以使该燃料组合物具备所需官能团的特性，而这些添加量也是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
按照本发明，有机含氮化合物可以直接地或以添加剂浓缩液的形式添加至汽油中或添加至含汽油的燃料中。此添加剂浓缩液可以包括有机硝酸酯、溶剂或稀释油，和任选地，但优选地是上述各种添加剂。
实施例
用六个辛烷值同样为87的燃料样品进行试验。试验了三个无添加剂的样品和三个加100ppm(按体积/体积计)的硝酸2-乙基己基酯的样品。测定了从一组排气管排出的引擎废气排放物。
图1表示三个无添加剂的普通无铅汽油(RUL)冷启动时废气排放物与时间的函数关系。图中的尖峰表示烃类排放物急剧增加，说明引擎点火不足。图2表示三组含100ppm的硝酸2-乙基己酯的普通无铅汽油(RUL)在冷启动时废气排放物与时间的函数关系。含硝酸酯的燃料未出现点火不良的现象，因此，相对于图1的废气排放，未燃烧的烃类排放减少。
在本发明公开中，列举了各种公开的专利、专利出版物及技术文献作为参考。所有这些文献，似已在此前全部列出，在这里列举作为参考。
术语“汽油可溶的”这里指的是所涉及的添加剂材料至少在为实现希望功能所必须的添加剂浓度下进行处理时在汽油燃料中是可以溶解的。优选地是，此添加剂材料的溶解度应当超过这个最低值。但是，这里的术语“汽油可溶的”并非指此材料必须在任何比例下可溶于该汽油燃料组合物中。
本发明对于在其实施中的重要变化是敏感的。因此，本发明并不受到上述所列举的特定示范性实例的限制。可以说，本发明是在所附各项权利要求，包括由此与法律相关的各同等条款的精神和范围之内。
Claims (11)
1、一种含有大量沸程在汽油范围内的烃类和其中掺混约1～1000ppm的至少一种有机含氮化合物的燃料组合物，所述有机含氮化合物选自由以下组成的基团：
(a)、有机硝酸酯，选自具有多至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基及芳基的硝酸酯和烷氧基取代脂肪醇的硝酸酯；
(b)、有机硝基化合物，选自硝基甲苯及二硝基甲苯；和
(c)、其混合物；其中沸程在汽油范围内的烃类是无铅汽油。
2、按照权利要求1的燃料组合物，其中有机含氮化合物的含量为约10～300ppm。
3、按照权利要求1的燃料组合物，其中有机含氮化合物含量为约50～100ppm。
4、按照权利要求1的燃料组合物，其中有机含氮化合物是一种有取代和无取代基的烷基硝酸酯。
5、按照权利要求4的燃料组合物，其中有机含氮化合物是硝酸2-乙基己酯。
6、按照权利要求1的燃料组合物，进一步包括至少一种选自环戊二烯三羰基锰的化合物、清净剂、抗氧剂、破乳剂、缓蚀剂及/或金属钝化剂的组分。
7、按照权利要求1的燃料组合物，进一步包括含氧调和组分，诸如具有适宜沸点温度范围和适宜燃料溶解度的醇及/或醚。
8、一种改善火花点火式内燃机的点火性能的方法，其中所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加和燃烧一种按照权利要求1中所述的燃料组合物。
9、一种减少火花点火式内燃机点火不良现象的方法，其中所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加和燃烧一种按照权利要求1中所述的燃料组合物。
10、一种防止火花点火式内燃机内部分燃烧现象的方法，其中所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加和燃烧一种按照权利要求1中所述的燃料组合物。
11、一种改善火花点火式内燃机内行程周期之间偏差的方法，其中所述方法包括在所述引擎中添加和燃烧一种按照权利要求1中所述的燃料组合物。
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| CN (1) | CN1097084C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2237087C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69813370T2 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100457872C (zh) * | 2003-09-18 | 2009-02-04 | 雅富顿公司 | 减少过氧化物量提高燃料系统及燃料各种性能的方法 |
| CN109153930A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-01-04 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 燃料组合物 |
| CN109749796A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-14 | 德泰易驰（天津）环保科技有限公司 | 一种适用于液态燃料的清净剂 |
| CN112980521A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-18 | 苏州瑞孚恒标能源科技有限公司 | 一种甲醇汽油清洁改质剂及甲醇汽油清洁改质的方法 |
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| US6319294B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2001-11-20 | Magnum Environmental Technologies, Inc. | Fuel additive formulation and method of using same |
| US20040244277A1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-12-09 | Baker Mark R. | Strained ring compounds as combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels |
| JP2005504138A (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2005-02-10 | サウスウエスト・リサーチ・インスティチュート | 均一予混合圧縮着火エンジン用燃料 |
| US20040093790A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-05-20 | Baker Mark R. | Combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels |
| US20030196372A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-23 | Wolf Leslie R. | Fuel stability additive |
| EP1371715A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-17 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
| JP2006104301A (ja) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 燃料油添加剤、当該燃料油添加剤を添加した燃料油組成物、及び当該燃料油組成物を用いた内燃機関エンジンのサイクル変動安定化方法 |
| US20090199464A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-13 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Reduced RVP Oxygenated Gasoline Composition And Method |
| CN102517103A (zh) * | 2005-01-25 | 2012-06-27 | Bp北美公司 | Rvp降低的加氧汽油组合物和方法 |
| US20080154671A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2008-06-26 | Delk Louis D | Emissions Tracking, Such as Vehicle Emissions Tracking, and Associated Systems and Methods |
| ES2353446T3 (es) * | 2007-01-29 | 2011-03-02 | Basf Se | Decilnitratos ramificados y su empleo como rectificadores de combustión y/o rectificadores del índice de cetano en combustibles. |
| US8734543B2 (en) | 2008-05-08 | 2014-05-27 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Oxygenated gasoline composition having good driveability performance |
| US10192038B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2019-01-29 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Process for determining the distillation characteristics of a liquid petroleum product containing an azeotropic mixture |
| US20090292512A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Process for determining the distillation characteristics of a liquid petroleum product containing an azeotropic mixture |
| US8603200B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2013-12-10 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Compositions comprising combustion improvers and methods of use thereof |
| US9162969B2 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2015-10-20 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Nitrooxyesters, their preparation and use |
| CN102939362B (zh) | 2010-06-16 | 2015-10-21 | 布特马斯先进生物燃料有限责任公司 | 具有良好运转性能的充氧丁醇汽油组合物 |
| ES2701755T3 (es) | 2010-06-16 | 2019-02-25 | Butamax Tm Advanced Biofuels | Procedimiento para producir una composición de gasolina de butanol oxigenada que tenga buen rendimiento de la manejabilidad |
| FR2977895B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-12 | 2015-04-10 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Compositions d'additifs ameliorant la stabilite et les performances moteur des gazoles non routiers |
| BR112014015992B1 (pt) | 2011-12-30 | 2021-01-12 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | composição de gasolina oxigenada e método de redução de corrosão em um motor de combustão interna |
| CN105647598A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-06-08 | 周向进 | 含有助燃剂的汽油产品及其制造方法 |
| RU2652636C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-04-28 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Малое инновационное предприятие "ФФ-Хим" (ООО "МИП "ФФ-Хим") | Топливная композиция для дизельных двигателей |
| US10822563B2 (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-11-03 | Mathew M Zuckerman | Cylinder resident hydrolysis of olefins to petroleum gases |
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| US2324779A (en) * | 1940-07-25 | 1943-07-20 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Motor fuel |
| US2645079A (en) * | 1944-06-06 | 1953-07-14 | Union Oil Co | Method of operating jet propulsion motors |
| US2764477A (en) * | 1954-09-08 | 1956-09-25 | Ethyl Corp | Motor fuel |
| US3434814A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1969-03-25 | Ethyl Corp | Emission control additive |
| GB1152389A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1969-05-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Gasoline Compositions |
| US3732283A (en) * | 1971-05-17 | 1973-05-08 | Texaco Inc | Substituted nitroalkyl nitrate and peroxynitrate |
| US4328005A (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-05-04 | Rockwell International Corporation | Polynitro alkyl additives for liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels |
| US4424063A (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1984-01-03 | Xrg International, Inc. | High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels |
| US4330304A (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1982-05-18 | Gorman Jeremy W | Fuel additive |
| ZA823097B (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1983-07-27 | Aeci Ltd | Organic nitrato compounds |
| US5162048A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1992-11-10 | Kirsten, Inc. | Additive for hydrocarbon fuels |
| US5141524A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-08-25 | Frank Gonzalez | Catalytic clean combustion promoter compositions for liquid fuels used in internal combustion engines |
| DE4138733A1 (de) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Peter Dr Koehler | Verfahren zur schadstofffreien verwertung von delaborierungs - tnt |
| CN1110711A (zh) * | 1994-04-26 | 1995-10-25 | 冯正洋 | 加强燃料和优化燃料 |
-
1997
- 1997-05-19 US US08/858,316 patent/US5782937A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-05-07 CA CA002237087A patent/CA2237087C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 JP JP15077098A patent/JP3796355B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-18 EP EP98303892A patent/EP0879871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-18 DE DE69813370T patent/DE69813370T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-18 CN CN98108492A patent/CN1097084C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100457872C (zh) * | 2003-09-18 | 2009-02-04 | 雅富顿公司 | 减少过氧化物量提高燃料系统及燃料各种性能的方法 |
| CN109153930A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-01-04 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 燃料组合物 |
| CN109749796A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-14 | 德泰易驰（天津）环保科技有限公司 | 一种适用于液态燃料的清净剂 |
| CN112980521A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-18 | 苏州瑞孚恒标能源科技有限公司 | 一种甲醇汽油清洁改质剂及甲醇汽油清洁改质的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3796355B2 (ja) | 2006-07-12 |
| DE69813370T2 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
| CA2237087C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
| EP0879871A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| DE69813370D1 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
| CN1097084C (zh) | 2002-12-25 |
| CA2237087A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 |
| US5782937A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
| JPH10330771A (ja) | 1998-12-15 |
| EP0879871B1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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