CN1199658A - 空腔物体的制作方法 - Google Patents

空腔物体的制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1199658A
CN1199658A CN98106655.0A CN98106655A CN1199658A CN 1199658 A CN1199658 A CN 1199658A CN 98106655 A CN98106655 A CN 98106655A CN 1199658 A CN1199658 A CN 1199658A
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China
Prior art keywords
core
make
aluminium alloy
magnesium
mentioned
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CN98106655.0A
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海茵茨·胡伯尔
海茵茨·福根里特
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Daimler Benz Airlines
Daimler Benz AG
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Daimler Benz Airlines
Daimler Benz AG
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Publication of CN1199658A publication Critical patent/CN1199658A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

制作空腔物体采用一种由铝合金或者镁合金组成的可溶于水的型芯。

Description

空腔物体的制作方法
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求的前序部分所述的用于制造至少含一个空腔的型体的方法。
在铸造工艺方面,为制造空腔型体而采用砂芯,此外还采用从铸件内分离出来而形成空腔的盐芯。然而,无论是砂芯还是盐芯的机械强度均较低。所以难以操作。由于其强度低,实际上仅能在铸造工艺中用于制作型体,不适用于其他型体的制作。
此外众所周知,制作空腔型体可通过电镀涂敷,采用能导电的腊做成经熔化分离的芯。其缺点是选用材料局限于可分离的电镀金属。
本发明的任务是,提供一种用于制作至少有一个空腔的型体的型芯,这种型芯能快速和简单地从型体分离出来形成空腔,且具有较高的机械强度。
按照本发明权利要求1所说明的方法能达到本目的。在从属权利要求中进一步给出本发明的有利方案。
采用本发明的方法,可以制作任意形状和任意尺寸的型体,其所含有的空腔数量、形状和尺寸是任意的,采用的型芯的数量、形状和尺寸与此相应。这意味着不仅仅空腔体本身,而且也包括高孔隙率或低孔隙率的物体,例如,当空腔为开口小孔时。
依照本发明的方法所采用的水溶性型芯由铝合金或者镁合金组成。因此,其机械强度是高的。它不仅能用做铸造工艺的型芯,也适用于其他加工方法的型芯,使在型芯上或围绕型芯形成型体。例如,本发明所采用的型芯可以采用热喷涂涂敷。因为这种型芯能导电,所以也适用于电镀涂敷。
依照本发明制作的型体可以由任一材料制成,例如金属、陶瓷或塑料。
镁合金和尤其是铝合金,经钝化后溶解于水,但一般速度很慢。现在意外地发现,若采用热喷涂,型体或者铝合金或镁合金的涂层完全丧失这种性能,而能迅速溶解于水。
这是由于采用铝合金或镁合金做为热喷涂的喷涂材料而出现的氧化物高含量和/或高孔隙率的原因。
因此,本发明的型芯最好是最小孔隙率为1%体积和/或最小氧化物含量为1%重量。氧化物含量或者孔隙率越高,型芯一般溶解越快。另一方面,孔隙率或者氧化物含量太高,会大大降低型芯的机械强度。
特别优选的是,孔隙率为5~15%体积,氧化物含量为5~30%重量。采用传统的热喷涂法,尤其采用传统的火焰喷涂法制作型芯可获得这种孔隙率或者氧化物含量。
除热喷涂法外,也可以采用烧结法制作本发明的型芯。为了保证型芯有足够高的氧化物含量,最好使用一种氧化物含量相对高的烧结粉末,例如,在含氧或者含水的大气层中喷射熔化的铝合金或者镁合金而生成的烧结粉末。
可以通过热等静压压制(HIP)或冷等静压压制(CIP)进行烧结。
元素周期表中的Ia、IIa、IIIa(铝除外)、IVa和Va族中的一种或若干种金属是铝合金的优选合金元素。元素周期表中的Ia、IIa(镁除外)、IIIa、IVa和Va族中的一种或若干种金属是镁合金的优选合金元素。
锡、锌和镁特别适合于做铝合金的合金元素。例如,一种由70~90%重量的铝和10~30%重量的锡组成的铝合金具有很高的溶解速度。
铝合金或者镁合金中的合金元素含量一般最少为1%重量,最佳为5~40%重量。
本发明的型芯可以采用中性水或者含水的碱液来溶解,如果型体不受酸腐蚀,有时也可以用酸来溶解。
铝合金或者镁合金在水中溶解时出现强烈的放热反应。产生的热加速溶解过程。
下面借助附图来详细说明本发明的一个实施例,附图中的唯一一个图为火箭发动机的燃烧室壁的一部分的截面图。
燃烧室壁1由一个金属内壁2和一个金属外壁3组成。内壁2外侧设有肋4,使外壁3和内壁2之间形成冷却槽5,例如火箭动力燃料(如液体氢或者液体氧)流经上述槽。
按照本发明,首先制作带肋4的内壁2,然后通过火焰喷涂从上面往内壁2上的肋4之间送入铝合金,装满槽5,形成型芯,制作成壁1。随后,例如通过热喷涂,在肋4上和槽5的型芯上涂外壁3,这样使外壁3和肋4之间形成牢固的连接。外壁3的热喷涂可以采用另外一种喷涂方法,例如高速火焰喷涂法,并采用另一种喷涂材料,例如钢。最后把壁2、壁3和槽5内的火焰喷涂铝合金型芯的复合体浸入水池中,以便溶解型芯。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造至少含有一个空腔的物体的方法,在该方法中,首先制作一个带一个水溶性型芯的物体,随后将型芯溶解出来后形成空腔,其特征在于,水溶性型芯由铝合金或者镁合金组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,型芯的孔隙率最小为1%体积,和/或型芯的氧化物含量最小为1%重量。
3.如权利要求1或者2所述的方法,其特征在于,型芯通过热喷涂或者烧结制成。
4.如权利3所述的方法,其特征在于,采用火焰喷涂法进行热喷涂。
5.如上述权利要求中的一项所述的方法,其特征在于,铝合金由铝和元素周期表的Ia至Va族中的至少一种金属组成,镁合金由镁和元素周期表的Ia至Va族中的至少一种金属组成。
6.如权利要求1或者5所述的方法,其特征在于,铝合金或者镁合金的合金元素含量合计为1~50%重量。
7.如权利要求5或者6所述的方法,其特征在于,铝合金的合金元素为锡、锌和/或镁。
8.如上述权利要求中的一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过重铸型芯做成上述物体。
9.如上述权利要求中的一项所述的方法,其特征在于,制作上述物体用的型芯采用热喷涂涂敷。
10.如以上权利要求中的一项所述的方法,其特征在于,制作上述物体用的型芯采用电镀方法涂敷。
CN98106655.0A 1997-04-19 1998-04-17 空腔物体的制作方法 Pending CN1199658A (zh)

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DE19716524A DE19716524C1 (de) 1997-04-19 1997-04-19 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Körpers mit einem Hohlraum
DE19716524.9 1997-04-19

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JP (1) JPH10311246A (zh)
CN (1) CN1199658A (zh)
CA (1) CA2235113A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE19716524C1 (zh)

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CN106925721A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-07 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法及组件
CN106925721B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2020-10-09 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法及组件
CN109286056A (zh) * 2018-08-06 2019-01-29 南京航空航天大学 太赫兹金属镀层空芯矩形波导整体制造方法
CN109286056B (zh) * 2018-08-06 2020-10-20 南京航空航天大学 太赫兹金属镀层空芯矩形波导整体制造方法

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US6261432B1 (en) 2001-07-17

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