CN1198011C - 干洗方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
- C11D3/3734—Cyclic silicones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/82—Compounds containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
- D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
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- D06F43/081—Reclaiming or recovering the solvent from a mixture of solvent and contaminants, e.g. by distilling
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
- D06F43/08—Associated apparatus for handling and recovering the solvents
- D06F43/081—Reclaiming or recovering the solvent from a mixture of solvent and contaminants, e.g. by distilling
- D06F43/085—Filtering arrangements; Filter cleaning; Filter-aid powder dispensers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
- D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
- D06L1/08—Multi-step processes
Abstract
一种干洗系统和方法,包括干洗机,与环状硅氧烷溶剂结合使用。为了提高环状硅氧烷基溶剂在洗涤中的性能,所述的溶剂要用一种化学制品进行改性,该化学制品选自一组包括2-乙基己基醋酸酯、酯类、醇类和醚类的化合物。
Description
本发明所属技术领域
本发明属于对服装、织物、纺织品等进行干洗的一般领域,是一种更为独特的方法和设备,采用一种以前不曾使用过的改性溶剂进行织物干洗。
与本发明相关的背景技术
干洗是一种遍及世界的重要行业。仅在美国就有4万多家干洗店(其中许多有连锁店),干洗是当今经济中不可缺少的行业。许多衣物(及其他物品)必须进行干洗,以除去身体分泌油脂,保持清洁,同时防止缩水及褪色。
迄今为止普遍采用的干洗剂是全氯乙烯(PERC)。它的使用存在着许多不利因素,包括其自身的毒性和气味。
在该领域中存在的另一个问题是不同的织物需要不同的系统,以防止织物在干洗过程中被损坏。
先前的干洗工艺包括使用各式溶剂及适合的机器来完成洗涤。如前所述,过去最普遍采用的溶剂是全氯乙烯。全氯乙烯有着非常好的洗涤效果,但其主要缺陷是危害健康,污染环境。它的使用会导致许多种癌症,污染地下水,损害水生物。在一些地区,由于其危害性,全氯乙烯被禁用。此外,过去也曾尝试使用其他溶剂,例如石油基溶剂、乙二醇酯、醚类。所述各类溶剂的洗涤效果及与织物的适用,可与全氯乙烯进行类比。
干洗业长期依赖石油基溶剂,及著名的氯化烃、全氯乙烯和三氯乙烯,用来清洗纺织品和服装面料。自二十世纪四十年代以来,全氯乙烯被誉为不易燃,强力去污,洗涤效果理想,特别适用于干洗工业的合成物。在二十世纪七十年代初,发现全氯乙烯可致动物肝癌。这是一个引起恐慌的发现,因为干洗行业的污水排放、废物堆积,会使污染物渗入土壤和地下水。
环境保护机构日益出台更为严格的法规,最终于1996年要求所有干洗店采用“干至干”循环,即纺织品及衣物以干燥状态进机,以干燥状态出机。这要求闭环系统操作,以回收绝大部分液态和气态全氯乙烯。此“循环”过程包括,将衣物和织物放入特制的洗衣机,该洗衣机可容纳15-150磅织物和衣物,带有圆形可视窗。放入洗衣机前,要对织物或衣物的污渍进行人工检查。如果织物是非常见的,或者是难于处理的质地,则需检查标签,确认制造商是否认为产品适于干洗。如果不这样做,则可能造成永久性污渍。例如,一处糖渍不易被发现,但是一经干洗,就会被氧化而变成棕色。如果污渍是油渍,水就不起作用,而全氯乙烯可以溶解油脂。事实上,对某些衣物采用干洗方法的主要原因(此类衣物不适用常规洗衣机),是除去积聚的身体分泌的油脂(如脂肪酸),因其易于氧化而产生污秽气味。
积聚于溶剂中的油脂被过滤器去除,回收全氯乙烯。换而言之,脏污的全氯乙烯被蒸馏、冷凝成为清洁液体。少量的清洁剂,通常占混合物总体积1%到1.5%,典型的是与全氯乙烯混合,以帮助溶解污渍/或预除污渍。
从机中取出衣物前,洗涤机成为干燥机。热风吹入箱体,不再是向外排风,取而代之的是,气流进入冷凝器,液化全氯乙烯蒸汽,进行回收再利用。经过洗涤和干燥,衣物被熨烫平整。
干洗过程已除去衣物中大部分全氯乙烯,但仍有少量残存。有些衣物纤维比其他种类的布料留存的溶剂更多。例如,棉、毛等天然纤维,睡袋等厚重织物,绒毛大衣、垫肩等,就比那些轻薄织物或人造纤维残存溶剂多。
另外一个涉及服装干洗的重要问题,是所用染料着色的牢固度。全氯乙烯是一种颇具侵蚀性的洗涤剂,并且通常服装制造商所用染料易在全氯乙烯或其他干洗溶剂中脱色。有时织物上有只能干洗的标签,但是织物的印花或表面染料却易褪色,不耐用。当某种织物在洗涤过程中褪色,就会造成其他织物着色。
另一个涉及织物干洗的问题,是从衣物或织物上脱落的水溶性脏物的再沉淀,所述的再沉淀物会沉淀到其他被清洗的衣物或织物上。仅就有挥发性的硅树脂类洗涤剂而言,对于溶解衣物上脂肪、油污和其他有机物非常有效,并可保持其悬浮,但在没有合适的清洁助剂帮助下,不能保持水溶性物质悬浮。
对于全氯乙烯及其他烃基溶剂也存在同样问题。已开发特殊的清洁剂,解决水溶性物质悬浮于有机溶剂及从中再沉淀问题。全氯乙烯所用清洁助剂与挥发性硅树脂类洗涤剂所用助剂不同。
唯一将环状硅氧烷组分用于洗涤目的描述,在美国专利4,685,930号中由Kasprzak披露。然而,该披露仅就斑点清洗提出申请。既没有披露在环状硅氧烷中浸泡衣物,也没有任何关于在干洗机中使用环状硅氧烷的建议。此外,没有建议涉及诸如将纺织品浸泡于环状硅氧烷中,搅动,旋转,部分抽真空及加热等连续过程,以批量方式干燥、清洁衣物,从大量衣物上去除脂肪、油脂和其他污物。
本发明包括一种干洗系统和方法,再本发明中,干洗机与特制溶剂结合使用,所述的溶剂源于一种有机/无机杂化物(有机硅树脂)。在此类有机硅树脂中,有一组已知为环状硅氧烷。这类环状硅氧烷基洗涤剂,使该系统应用对环境保护更为有利,同时,在洗涤织物等方面也较以往系统更为有效。所述的硅氧烷组分被用于干洗机,以贯彻本发明的方法。为提高环状硅氧烷基洗涤剂的洗涤力,所述的溶剂要用一种化学制品进行改性,该化学制品选自一组包括2-乙基己基醋酸酯、酯类、醇类和醚类的化合物。在一个优选实施例中,该流程包括如下步骤:将衣物放置于洗涤筐;搅动衣物,并且衣物被浸泡于改性的硅氧烷组分中;除去绝大部分硅氧烷组分;离心甩干衣物;冷却后,将衣物从筐中取出。
附图简要描述
前述本发明的优点,以及附加的目的和有关优点,通过对下文优选实施例的详细描述,以及结合附图,有助于更好的理解。
图1是一个方框图,展示本发明的一个实施例。
发明详述
本发明包括一种方法和干洗设备,用硅氧烷基洗涤剂洗涤织物,其闪点值(超过140F°),不损伤织物(不脱色,不收缩),并且在干洗过程中对脂肪酸,油脂有极好的溶解力。
所述的干洗方法,使用一种液体的环状硅氧烷,通常用于化妆品和药剂。以下环状硅氧烷更为独特:八甲基环四硅氧烷(四聚物),十甲基环戊硅氧烷(五聚物),十二甲基环六硅氧烷(六聚物)。
本发明的溶剂对环境无害,不沉淀、积聚于衣物,具有低变应原性,及独特的可燃性。在使用中,溶液的闪点和燃点至少分开有十华氏度,因此该溶剂可在闪点和燃点间自熄。进一步说,该溶剂可被加热(超过100华氏度),不会引起织物损伤,进一步提高洗涤速度。最后,所述的溶剂具有小于18达因/平方厘米的张力,能够较好穿透织物纤维,去除污渍,并更易于除去织物中残存溶剂。
本发明披露了具挥发性的有机硅树脂,作为常见的石油基脂族化合物和卤化烃的替代溶剂。自然界中不存在有机硅树脂,必须人工制备。最初材料是沙(二氧化硅),或其他无机硅酸盐,这些物质在地壳中占75%的比例。有机硅树脂是在1863年由Firedel和Crafts首次合成,他们首次制备了四乙基硅烷。在随后几年中,尽管合成了许多其他衍生物,但是,直到二十世纪四十年代,才产生对有机硅树脂化学的广泛兴趣。
硅是一种电正性元素,能够与碳及其他元素,包括卤素、氮、氧等形成共价键。硅树脂的强度与活性取决于形成硅树脂共价键的电负性元素的特性。聚硅烷按一定条件水解处理,形成聚硅氧烷。这些环状和直链聚合物在商业上称为硅树脂液(硅酮液)。
硅酮液是无极性的,不溶于水和低级醇类,完全可溶于典型的脂族和芳香族溶剂,包括卤化溶剂,但是仅可部分溶于如环烷类的石油中间馏分。硅酮液不溶于高级碳氢化合物、润滑油、石蜡、脂肪酸、植物油以及动物油等等。而挥发性的环状硅酮液(四聚物和五聚物)微溶于高级碳氢化合物。
事实上,是在将环状硅氧烷作为干洗剂应用于普通干洗设备时,意外发现使用环状硅氧烷可减少脱色和交互着色。申请人进一步发现事实上消除了常用溶剂引起的脱色问题,从而为干洗商赢得很大的经济利益。此利益表现为,干洗商在混合洗涤中不必考虑衣物颜色,从而大大提高了洗涤生产能力。
作为一种选择,有挥发性的有机硅树脂(环状)可结合使用酯类添加剂,特别推荐2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA),可提供强力溶解和洗涤能力。
在对这种易挥发的环状硅树脂/2-乙基醋酸酯混合物脱脂力测试中,发现其效果优于石油基脂族溶剂,可与全氯乙烯媲美。全氯乙烯是一种很好的深度脱脂剂,但是,对于普通干洗来说其效力过强。干洗的主要目的,是去除衣物在穿着过程中积聚的灰土,及产生异味的脂肪酸。一种理想的干洗剂,不应由于效力过强而使被洗材料脱色,溶解塑料,或改变其颜色、质地。
所述的易挥发的环状硅树脂,与一定的有机酯类,醚类,及醇类结合,会获得许多独特的物理和化学性质,是传统溶剂所不能比拟的。优选的是十甲基环戊硅氧烷,和2-乙基己基醋酸酯,出于许多原因考虑,其为特别值得选择的脱脂剂,所述的脱脂剂对染色的织物纤维,无论是天然的还是合成的纤维,具有化学惰性。这意味着,所述的溶剂不会象现有溶剂那样,造成混染和脱色问题。
易挥发的环状硅氧烷与酯类化合物的均衡的分子量,赋予其理想的表面张力,这对于洗涤来说非常重要。另一个重要方面是,易挥发的环状硅树脂液事实上赋予所有织物以一种“柔顺,柔软手感”。此特性很重要,因为全氯乙烯会对天然纤维脱脂,使织物手感粗糙。
环状分子结构使其抗氧化能力优于石油基材料。这使得蒸馏环状硅氧烷更为可靠。环状结构使液体渗入衣料纤维更为容易,以除去灰土。
两种主要的环状硅氧烷,即四聚物和五聚物,有很宽的冰点范围,其冰点从四聚物冰点53华氏度到五聚物冰点-40华氏度,有将近100华氏度温差。所述的每一种材料具有独特的物理性能,单独使用不适于作干洗脱脂溶剂。例如,四聚物的闪点为140华氏度,但其燃点是169华氏度,五聚物的闪点为170-190华氏度,但其燃点是215华氏度。四聚物和五聚物可混合在一起,产生理想的组分或配方,有理想的燃烧特性和冰点。优选的酯类添加剂,是2-乙基己基醋酸酯,也具有高闪点和极低的冰点。
因此,优选的混合物是少于40%的2-乙基己基醋酸酯,和多于50%的五聚物。此范围适合大多数干洗操作。尽管2-乙基己基醋酸酯类是优选材料,还可从众多的材料中选用,如酯类、醚类和醇类家族,其具有前述材料相似的性能。下述化合物清单可用于替换优选混合物中的2-乙基己基醋酸酯:
酯类
二价酸酯
乙二醇醚二丙(撑)甲基(DPM,dipropylene methyl)醋酸酯
乙二醇醚亚乙基丁基(EB,ethylene butyl)醋酸酯
醇类
2-乙基己基醇
环己醇
己醇
醚类
乙二醇醚亚丙基叔丁基(PTB,propylene t-buyul)
乙二醇醚二丙(撑)叔丁基(DPTB,dipropylene t-buyul)
乙二醇醚二丙(撑)正丙基(DPNP,dipropylene n-propyl)
尽管以上仅列出有限的易挥发有机环状硅氧烷添加剂,未列出的也在本发明范围内。
应当指出,对以上配方应添加一定的添加剂,如石油基衍生物,即溶剂油类、卤化烃类,以获得一定清洁/或脱脂效果,单独使用以上组分不可能获得所述的效果。
以下所列为上述各种材料组分:
组分1:
四聚物-占重量75%
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量25%
组分2:
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量50%
五聚物-占重量50%
组分3:
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量30%
五聚物-占重量70%
组分4:
四聚物-占重量15%
五聚物-占重量55%
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量30%
组分5:
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量85%
五聚物-占重量15%
尽管以上组分主要基于易挥发有机环状硅氧烷和2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA),以下组分化合物也在本发明范围内:
2-乙基己基醋酸酯(EHA)-占重量1%-99%
五聚物-占重量1%-99%
四聚物-占重量1%-99%
与前述溶剂的组合物或其本身,可在本发明一个干洗方法实施例中进行改良或加强。改良形式有:加入沙土悬浮添加剂,防止尘土等脏物在洗涤、漂洗过程中再沉淀;加入水溶性污渍清洗剂;及消毒、灭菌剂,以消灭所有衣物中存在的微生物和细菌。所述添加剂可以是溶剂组分,也可以是独立的制剂。
一种适用的清洁剂,可与硅氧烷溶剂配伍,在此进行披露,构成本发明的一部分。所述的清洁剂由两亲的分子结构组成,具有高度亲油的直链或环状有机硅氧烷主链,及亲水极性侧链,可替代和组成一种纯有机分子,或与有机硅氧烷分子混合,具有1-300摩尔极性指状颗粒。所述的极性指状颗粒可以是离子的形式。进一步,离子表面活性剂可与溶剂结合使用。
用于所述的易挥发硅氧烷溶剂的优选清洁剂配方设计,应具有以下分子特性,全部的或与其他组分结合:
1.一种两亲的分子结构,由高度亲油的直链或环状有机硅氧烷主链组成,有亲水极性侧链的取代,或在主链上有指状颗粒排列。
2.每个分子具有1-300摩尔极性指状颗粒。
3.极性指状颗粒占重量的20%-90%。
4.亲水物∶亲脂体配比(HLB)为4比18。
5.通过与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷反应,产生聚醚,构成脂主链上的亲水指状颗粒取代基。
使用有机硅酸酯主链作材料组分实例如下:
1.环状有机硅氧烷成品,可由通用电气硅氧烷部获得,纽约,Waterbuary,所知产品名称为:
SF-1288(环状有机硅氧烷主链;占重量66%的环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒)
SF-1528(环状有机硅氧烷主链,占重量24%的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷极性指状颗粒;溶解于(10%于90%)五聚物中)。
SF-1328(有机硅氧烷主链;占重量24%的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷极性指状颗粒;溶解于(10%于90%)四聚物和五聚物混合物中)。
SF-1488(有机硅氧烷主链;占重量49%的环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒)。
2.有机硅氧烷成品可由窦科宁公司获得,公司在MidlandMI,其产品名称为:
3225C(有机硅氧烷主链;环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷极性指状颗粒,溶解于chyclomethicone)。
3.一系列直链有机聚醚带环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒,由AirProducts and Chemicals公司提供,在Allentown PA,产品名称为:
Surfynol 420(环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒,占重量20%)。
Surfynol 440(环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒,占重量40%)。
Surfynol 465(环氧乙烷极性指状颗粒,占重量65%)。
优选的清洁剂是一种80∶20配比的GE SF-1528和Surfynol440。
上述类别是基本的优选清洁剂,与易挥发硅氧烷溶剂配合使用。
此披露意图,是说明易挥发硅氧烷溶剂应与清洁剂配合使用,以满足工业要求的干洗参数。
优选的清洁剂参数如下:
1.SF-1328(占重量的50%-90%),和Surfynol 420(占重量的50%-10%)
2.SF-1328(占重量的70%-95%),和Surfynol 440(占重量的30%-5%)
3.SF-1328(占重量的60%-95%),和SF-1488(占重量的40%-5%)
4.SF-1528(占重量的60%-95%),和Surfynol 420(占重量的40%-5%)
5.SF-1528(占重量的70%-95%),和Surfynol 440(占重量的30%-5%)
6.SF-1528(占重量的60%-95%),和SF-1488(占重量的40%-5%)
7.SF-1528(占重量的50%-85%),Surfynol 440(占重量的49%-5%)和SF-1288(占重量的1%-10%)
8.SF-1528(占重量的50%-70%),Surfynol 440(占重量的49%-5%)和SF-1488(占重量的1%-25%)
应当注意到,上述配方和材料,仅仅是为获得理想效果所使用的清洁剂的实施例。可使用任何有机的和/或有机硅氧烷基清洁剂,如前述众多的有机的和/或无机的有机硅氧烷复合物,并可同其他相关的清洁剂共同使用,只要其与易挥发硅氧烷干洗溶剂相匹配,可从纤维中去除水溶性灰土,并能防止其在干洗过程中再沉淀。
以下步骤特别地针对干洗方法实施例作了描述。
在步骤1中,服装或要干洗的其他物品,被放入一个垂直的洗涤、干燥一体机中,带有一个水平搅动洗衣筐(本领域技术人员熟知)。筐筒有许多孔洞,优选的是每孔直径1/8-1/2英寸。采用此尺寸的原因,是为了利用环状硅氧烷的低表面张力特性,利用离心力作用直接甩干。
在步骤2中,洗涤循环被引入由环状硅氧烷四聚物和五聚物组成的溶剂。优选的组合是占重量80%四聚物和20%五聚物。另外,环状硅氧烷溶剂可包括前述任何组合物。五聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的60%至80%之间,2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的20%至40%之间。用来对前述混合物做调整的添加剂,可在洗涤循环前加入,不必作为溶剂的组成部分。所述的添加剂,也就是清洁剂和悬浮制剂,允许溶剂完成服装的整个洗涤过程。将溶剂和清洁剂(如果使用了)从储存罐中泵入洗涤筐。洗涤物被搅动,对衣物进行机械揉搓,渗入的溶剂去除织物纤维中的尘垢和身体脂肪,所述的搅动持续1-15分钟。在洗涤循环中,溶剂和清洁剂(如果使用了)通过一个阀门泵出洗涤筐,然后流过一个过滤器。过滤器系统帮助去除混合物中的微粒和污物。在选择“批量”时,溶剂流会再使用,混合物不会进入过滤器系统,而从阀门直接泵回洗衣筐。可选择的形式有:任何类型的筒、圆盘、软管、硬管,单独使用或结合使用。另有一种选择,过滤结构由活性炭或硅藻土附加构成。
在步骤3中,衣物等被洗净,混合物从洗涤筐中被泵入工作罐,或蒸馏器,衣物等在离心力作用下除去尽可能多的混合物,剩余混合物被泵入,或自重进入目的装置。离心力过程根据具体情况持续1-7分钟,转速大于350转/分钟(RPM);最好是450转/分钟-750转/分钟。此过程使洗涤物中残存溶剂不超过2-5%,通常为3%。转速越高,离心力作用于旋转筐,去除溶剂速度越快。所述溶剂的低表面张力,最大程度地提高了离心过程去除溶剂的效力。
在步骤4和5中,服装在盛衣筐中翻滚,加热至110-170华氏度。所测温度是洗涤筐中所存含蒸汽的空气预缩合点温度。通过蛇形管注入加压蒸汽,使用一个循环通风器,加热盛衣筐中的空气,完成加热过程。与此同时,可在机器内产生部分真空,提供50-600毫米汞柱(大气压为760毫米汞柱)的负压,因而降低所述组分的汽化点,缩短时间。在此加热循环中,溶剂混合物被汽化,被循环空气带入冷凝蛇形管中,主气流中蒸汽被冷凝成液态,进行收集。气流可在闭环系统中被再次加热。一般是用10-55分钟,溶剂混合物从洗涤物中去除,被回收利用。
在步骤6中,加热循环停止,冷却循环开始。冷却循环可能会用1-10分钟。温度会从110-170华氏度降至100华氏度,优选的范围是70-100华氏度。此过程是通过排热,将空气在冷却管中循环,直至完成冷却过程。空气就是简单地利用加热管进行循环,只是加热管中不通蒸汽了。降温后取出衣物,可以减少起皱。温度较高时取出,则会引起褶皱。
在步骤7中,已用脏的硅氧烷,用液体环泵法(liquid ring pump)或有附加风扇的文氏管法,真空蒸馏,被再处理和净化。此过程是这样完成的:带有脏物的溶剂被泵入真空蒸馏器,真空蒸馏器展开槽排液的过程是帮助干燥的过程。热能是通过蒸汽加热管与展开槽接触提供的,温度范围是230-300华氏度。
环状硅氧烷沸点超过150华氏度。例如,四聚物沸点超过175华氏度,五聚物沸点超过209华氏度。不用真空,在正常沸点蒸馏所述的硅氧烷,会造成化学物质分解,也就是说,在150华氏度以上,环状结构会裂解为直链结构,导致形成甲醛。在本发明的一个实施例中,所提供的净化回收用过的环状硅氧烷装置,极具经济效益,可以保持环状结构完整,回收再生溶剂。真空蒸馏用过的环状硅氧烷溶剂,去除低沸点杂质,包括残存的水,以及高沸点杂质。
已发现环状硅氧烷,也就是四聚物和五聚物,在低温下,如209华氏度,生成共沸点混合物,导致纯水、纯溶剂及溶剂中可溶性杂质共同构成残留物。
以上描述了多种实施例,应当声明,本发明不限于此。因此,优选实施例的范围不应当受以上示范例的限制,应由本发明的保护范围及等效文件限定。
Claims (26)
1.一种干洗织物的方法,包括如下操作:
(a)将进行干洗的织物在一种组合物中浸泡,所述组合物包括一种硅氧烷溶剂和一种化学制品,所述的化学制品选自一组包括2-乙基己基醋酸酯、二价酸酯、乙二醇醚亚乙基丁基醋酸酯、乙二醇醚醋酸酯、乙二醇醚二丙甲基醋酸酯、2-乙基己基醇、环己醇、己醇、和乙二醇醚亚丙基叔丁基、乙二醇醚二丙撑叔丁基、乙二醇醚二丙撑正丙基的化合物中的任意一种;
(b)在所述的组合物中搅动所述的织物;并且
(c)将组合物从所述的织物排除。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,所述的硅氧烷溶剂选自一组包括五聚物、四聚物和六聚物的环状硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述的硅氧烷溶剂,包括四聚物环状硅氧烷。
4.根据权利要求3中所述的方法,其中所述的化合物是2-乙基己基醋酸酯,其中四聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的75%,所述的2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的25%。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述的硅氧烷溶剂,包括五聚物环状硅氧烷。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的方法,其中所述的五聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的60%至80%之间,所述的2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的20%至40%之间。
7.根据权利要求5中所述的方法,其中所述的五聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的50%,所述的2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的50%。
8.根据权利要求5中所述的方法,其中所述的五聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的15%,所述的2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的85%。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述的硅氧烷溶剂,包括五聚物环状硅氧烷和四聚物环状硅氧烷。
10.根据权利要求9中所述的方法,其中所述的化合物是2-乙基己基醋酸酯,其中四聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的15%,所述的五聚物环状硅氧烷占重量的55%,所述的2-乙基己基醋酸酯占重量的30%。
11.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述织物为合成或天然材料织物。
12.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述织物被一个干洗机搅动。
13.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其中将所述织物加热到43-77℃。
14.根据权利要求13中所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含一种清洁剂。
15.根据权利要求13中所述的方法,其中所述织物放置在一个洗涤筐中,所述洗涤筐包括多个直径在0.3175至1.27厘米的孔洞。
16.根据权利要求13中所述的方法,其中所述的组合物中的织物搅动1-15分钟。
17.根据权利要求13中所述的方法,其中还包括过滤所述组合物,以便去除在搅动所述织物时进入所述环状硅氧烷组合物的污物。
18.根据权利要求17中所述的方法,其中所述过滤通过一个过滤系统采用筒、圆盘、软管、硬管的形式进行。
19.根据权利要求18中所述的方法,其中所述过滤系统还包括附加物质,所述附加物质选自包含活性炭和硅藻土的组。
20.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,还包括对所述组合物进行真空蒸馏,以便除去不挥发的残留物的操作。
21.根据权利要求20中所述的方法,其中所述真空蒸馏通过液体环泵法或有附加风扇的文氏管法中的至少一种方法进行。
22.根据权利要求13中所述的方法,其中通过离心操作和在织物周围循环空气的方式将所述组合物从织物中除去。
23.根据权利要求22中所述的方法,其中所述离心操作包括以大于350转/分钟的转速旋转所述织物。
24.根据权利要求23中所述的方法,其中所述离心操作持续1至7分钟。
25.根据权利要求22中所述的方法,其中所述织物在进行离心操作后通过循环空气被加热到43至77摄氏度,以便从所述织物中去除所述组合物。
26.根据权利要求25中所述的方法,其中在加热过程中所述织物处于6.67kPa至80kPa的部分真空下,所述真空降低蒸汽压并缩短回收时间。
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US09/304,430 US6042617A (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1999-05-03 | Dry cleaning method and modified solvent |
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- 1999-05-03 US US09/304,430 patent/US6042617A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-14 HU HU0102952A patent/HUP0102952A3/hu active IP Right Revival
- 1999-07-14 EP EP99935562A patent/EP1092056B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-14 PL PL345504A patent/PL204236B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-14 AU AU51017/99A patent/AU754432B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-14 TR TR2001/00318T patent/TR200100318T2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-14 CA CA002337363A patent/CA2337363C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-14 WO PCT/US1999/015923 patent/WO2000004222A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-14 KR KR1020017000544A patent/KR20010071885A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-14 DK DK99935562T patent/DK1092056T3/da active
- 1999-07-14 NZ NZ509385A patent/NZ509385A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-14 BR BR9912811-0A patent/BR9912811A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-14 IL IL14083399A patent/IL140833A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-14 AT AT99935562T patent/ATE220740T1/de active
- 1999-07-14 CZ CZ200135A patent/CZ291465B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1999-07-14 MX MXPA01000357A patent/MXPA01000357A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-14 CN CNB998085901A patent/CN1198011C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-14 CA CA002337441A patent/CA2337441C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CZ200135A3 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
CA2337441C (en) | 2008-09-30 |
DK1092056T3 (da) | 2002-11-04 |
CA2337441A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
WO2000004222A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
NZ509385A (en) | 2002-12-20 |
US6042617A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
MXPA01000357A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
PL345504A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
IL140833A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
CA2337363C (en) | 2006-10-10 |
HUP0102952A2 (hu) | 2002-02-28 |
DE69902172D1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
EP1092056B1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
ATE220740T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
NO20010232L (no) | 2001-03-14 |
CZ291465B6 (cs) | 2003-03-12 |
CA2337363A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
HUP0102952A3 (en) | 2003-03-28 |
CN1309734A (zh) | 2001-08-22 |
DE69902172T2 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
JP2002520509A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
PL204236B1 (pl) | 2009-12-31 |
TR200100318T2 (tr) | 2001-08-21 |
KR20010071885A (ko) | 2001-07-31 |
NO20010232D0 (no) | 2001-01-12 |
JP3294596B2 (zh) | 2002-06-24 |
BR9912811A (pt) | 2001-05-02 |
EP1092056A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
AU754432B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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