CN1446254A - 生物降解醚干洗溶剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于干洗衣物的方法，该方法包括在足以进行有效干洗的时间内用双丙甘醇叔丁基醚(DPTB)与水的混合物处理衣物，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为9∶1。
Description
对照检索相关申请
本发明要求2000年6月13日提出的美国临时专利申请60/211,301的优先权，通过引用将其公开并入本文。本发明背景
本发明涉及一种新颖的乙二醇醚干洗溶剂以及采用所述溶剂实现干洗的方法。更具体而言，本发明涉及一种乙二醇醚溶剂，其不仅在特性和益处方面可与全氯乙烯相媲美或比其优越且不出现与使用全氯乙烯有关的严重的环境、健康和职业负面影响和问题，而且也代表着对目前替代全氯乙烯的乙二醇醚溶剂的一种改进。
全氯乙烯是使用最为广泛的干洗溶剂，我们通常称之为(并且在下文中有时也将称之为)“perc”。Perc是一种氯化烃基溶剂。在整个北美、欧洲和亚洲地区人们均选择其作为干洗溶剂。
除了在干洗业之外，人们还发现了perc在金属工业、毛织物的擦洗/缩绒(mill)以及在半导体和电子工业的各种“净室”应用中作为脱脂剂的广泛用途。Perc的工业用途比其作为干洗溶剂的用途约大10倍。
虽然人们发现perc是一种有效的干洗剂，不易燃，不会损坏合成织物或导致含天然纤维的织物如羊毛发生收缩，沸点较低从而能够通过常规蒸馏得到再生和纯化，但是它确实存在许多不利于其应用的其它问题。尤其是全氯乙烯存在着许多妨碍其继续使用的健康和环境方面的危害性，除非能得到一种质量相近、没有上述各种危害性的替代溶剂。
由于perc比水重，将沉至蓄水层、湖泊和河流等的底部从而对供水可能造成污染，故其排放存在着极大的环境风险。另外，人们已证实perc蒸汽对中枢神经系统存在有害影响。此外由于perc是一种高度氯化的分子，已被证实对牲畜的健康具有极大危害性，并且由于perc中的氯具有从臭氧层中消耗氧的作用，因此是造成皮肤癌特别是黑素瘤的原因之一。再者，也是特别重要的原因是，由于perc不能生物降解，因此在一段时间的积聚后将存在巨大的工业废物处置危害性。
随着时间的推移和人们对perc性质及其作用机理所进行的各种研究和临床实验的完成，上述问题的本质和严重性变得越来越明显，人们已经试图使用各种替代溶剂，但没有一种能取得工业上的成功，因无法获得perc作为干洗剂的效果。
但是，在时间方面，当国内外政府通过立法和民事甚至刑事诉讼对环境问题进行更为严格的监控和管理时，在某种程度上对用于干洗以及其它运用方面的perc替代溶剂的需要已成为迫在眉睫的事情。
确定取代perc的干洗溶剂的困难之处在于必须满足许多方面的要求，不仅需要达到干洗剂的功效，即高纯度、对约160种织物能不产生收缩、对约900种染料能快干而不发生渗色(bleeding)、闪点高从而使其不易燃和不燃、拥有从水中分离的能力、有效的去垢能力、容易蒸馏、再生简单、可与现有的干洗设备匹配等，而且还需要对供水和臭氧层不产生污染、可生物降解、无毒、没有致癌性等。
我们发现在EP 479,146中所公开的据称拥有许多符合需要性能的一种推荐溶剂取代物即丙二醇单甲醚在以下方面不能达到所需的要求：由于其具有从环境和干洗的织物中积聚水分的明显趋势而使弱染料、细纱和纤细织物如乙酸酯类受损。从另一方面看，水的积聚或水混溶性也是一个明显的负面因素，其原因是干洗设备需负担过量水分的处理，并且溶剂原料由于被稀释而必须重新调整比率以便使操作稳定，因而极大地消弱了干洗过程的效力。
由WO 98/45523所公开的丙二醇叔丁醚(PTB)和丙二醇正丁醚(PNB)据称是丙二醇单甲醚的优良取代物。根据此公开，PTB和PNB拥有与perc相关的所有干洗特性而没有后者的缺陷。据公开此两种溶剂的吸水能力在能够有效防止乙酸酯类物质受损以及防止毛织品在水中发生收缩的趋势的范围内。水的吸收降低了溶剂的沸点，同时提高了闪点。据公开，此两种溶剂均对供水和臭氧层不产生污染、可生物降解、无毒和没有致癌性。此外，两种溶剂都能够在现有的perc干洗设备中使用。
含水PTB和PNB干洗组合物的闪点均在工业标准内。但最近的法规要求趋向于更高的闪点标准。此外，即使总的组合物闪点满足工业标准，执法部门也还在考虑对组合物的各组分应用该标准。因此需要基于更高闪点的乙二醇醚的干洗组合物。
然而，常识告诉我们较高闪点的乙二醇醚由于与水太不相容而无法成为优良的干洗溶剂。虽然含有太多水分的乙二醇醚干洗溶液由于使毛织品发生相应收缩并损坏乙酸酯类物质而不符合需要，更不必说溶剂稀释，低水分含量妨碍了干洗组合物去除水溶性污垢(这形成需要从待干洗衣物中去除的污垢块)的能力。因此，基于更高闪点的乙二醇醚的干洗组合物的要求仍不能令人满意。
本发明概要
通过本发明能满足该要求。
为符合上述要求，本发明的目的之一是提供一种溶剂，该溶剂与perc相比，在干洗、擦洗和缩绒后毛织品的清洗、以及织物的染色(dying)方面，具有可与perc相媲美(如果没有超越的话)的化学和物理特性，同时能避免出现许多已知与使用perc相关的对环境、公众健康和安全造成的负面影响。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种当用于这种最终用途时具有可与闪点较低的乙二醇醚相媲美(如果没有超越的话)的化学物理特性的溶剂。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种比重低于水的干洗溶剂。
本发明的目的之四是提供一种能最大限度减少或消除毛织品衣物的收缩、防止或限制染料的渗色并且能温和处理乙酸酯类物质、丝绸、原毛和其它纤细织物从而免受损坏的干洗溶剂。
本发明的目的之五是提供一种用于干洗、织物染色以及擦洗和缩绒后毛织品的清洗的溶剂，其各组分的闪点在工业标准范围内，同时具有足够低的沸点以便能够通过常规蒸馏方法进行再生和纯化。
本发明的目的之六是提供一种染料溶液，该溶液含有非水溶性染料和能最大限度减少或消除毛织品的收缩并且不损坏乙酸酯类物质、丝绸、原毛和其它纤细织物，还能渗透进织物纤维中足以与织物纤维形成强染料键的溶剂。
我们发现双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)的闪点远高于目前的工业标准，与此同时其对水溶性污垢具有至少等于、并且在大多数情况下好于perc及目前商业所用的其它乙二醇醚干洗溶剂的溶解度。此外，当在室温下将可溶于DPTB的最大量的，通常为组合物总重量的约10％的水加入到所述溶剂中时，该溶解度增加。
因此，根据本发明的一个实施方案，提供一种含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)、水和织物软化剂的干洗组合物，其中软化剂的量能有效地使采用所述干洗组合物进行清洗的衣物织物得到软化，并且DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
在环境条件下DPTB吸收水分至其饱和点，其中一些以共沸物的形式结合。因此商品级的DPTB不可避免地含有一些水。优选本发明的干洗组合物含有约90％重量的DPTB和约10％重量的水。
DPTB吸收水分的能力随组合物温度的增加而增加，因此当干洗期间进行加热时，即使在室温下为水分所饱和的组合物也将从衣物中吸收水分。因此本发明的干洗组合物将从被干洗的衣物中吸收水分。然后通过共沸蒸馏将水从溶剂中分离出来，回收具有共沸级水分的基本上纯的DPTB。
因此，本发明也包括采用本发明的干洗组合物进行干洗的方法。根据本发明该实施方案的方法，采用含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的组合物处理衣物一段足以实现干洗的时间，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
本发明的组合物也可用于清洗、擦洗和缩绒羊毛。根据本发明该实施方案的方法，采用含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的组合物处理擦洗和缩绒后的羊毛一段足以实现清洗的时间，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
本发明的组合物也可用于羊毛的擦洗和缩绒过程。根据本发明的此实施方案，提供了一种擦洗羊毛的方法，其特征在于采用含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的本发明组合物擦洗羊毛，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。本发明的溶剂组合物彻底地溶解了原毛中的羊毛脂用于随后进行的回收和纯化，以作为化妆品及其它产品的成分。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案，提供了一种缩绒羊毛的方法，其特征在于采用含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的组合物缩绒羊毛，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
本发明还结合下述发现：即可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的水不溶性染料可溶于本发明的组合物中，从而提供能以显著改善的染色坚牢度对非羊毛织物进行染色的组合物。采用本发明染料组合物进行染色的织物的干燥时间也显著缩短，同时在染料分子与织物纤维之间形成更强的键。
因此，根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于对织物进行染色的组合物，该组合物是一种溶解于含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的溶剂中的可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的水不溶性染料的溶液，其中所述溶剂中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
根据本发明的再一个实施方案，提供了一种采用本发明染料组合物对织物进行染色的方法。根据本发明该方面的方法，采用含有下述溶液的染料组合物处理织物一段足以实现染色的时间：所述溶液为溶解于含有双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的溶剂中的可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的水不溶性染料的溶液，其中所述溶剂中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。本发明的方法还包括在处理织物以实现染色的步骤完成之后使所述织物干燥的步骤。
与perc和各种工业乙二醇醚组合物相比，我们发现本发明的组合物具有几种意想不到的性能。与采用perc或其它工业乙二醇醚组合物处理后的原毛和织物不同，采用本发明组合物进行清洗或染色的织物和采用本发明组合物进行缩绒、擦洗或清洗的原毛事实上没有残余的气味。可检测出来的气味是令人愉快的。此外，DPTB的气味无法用水进行“再恢复”，这意味着织物中实际上没有溶剂残留。相反，采用perc或其它工业乙二醇醚清洗后的衣物如果随后与水接触将产生强烈的溶剂气味。
另外，与采用perc或其它工业乙二醇醚组合物进行类似处理后的织物相比，采用本发明组合物进行干洗或染色的织物干燥后最终不起皱且手感相当柔软。因此，采用本发明组合物清洗或染色的织物与采用perc或其它乙二醇醚清洗或染色的织物相比，更不需要熨平或其它处理来去除褶皱，同时手感更为柔软。这对于干洗业而言是一个重大的工业优点。
在以下公开本发明的原理及其最佳实施模式的描述和权利要求书中将指出本发明的其它特征。
优选实施方案的详述
我们发现，当将双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)用于衣物的干洗时，所述溶剂拥有与全氯乙烯相关的所有特性而无其缺陷。此外，DPTB还具有全氯乙烯所没有的某些明显优点。本发明的DPTB组合物是不易燃和不燃的、没有致癌性、无毒，并且最重要的是可生物降解的。所述组合物比水轻，也即其比重小于水的比重。
DPTB的闪点有利地高于其它用作干洗溶剂的乙二醇醚。本发明的DPTB组合物具有更高的闪点。但所述溶剂仍可通过常规蒸馏方法包括真空蒸馏进行再生和纯化，并且尽管其闪点较高，所述溶剂仍能有效地去除水溶性污垢。
我们发现DPTB能与水足够相容以从进行干洗的衣物中吸收水分，从而使水分得到有效的固定，因此避免了毛织品发生收缩，同时防止对乙酸酯类物质造成损坏。
我们也确定DPTB和水的溶液能有效用于擦洗和缩绒后原毛的清洗、用于原毛的擦洗包括从羊毛中抽取出油和脂肪酸如羊毛脂、以及用于由其形成的纱线的缩绒。这种擦洗和缩绒操作在使用其它常规擦洗和缩绒技术的干洗机中进行。
本发明的DPTB-水溶液在干洗中的一个特别优点是其行为不似传统的混合物，而更似一种单一物质。这使其可在较低的沸点下更好地通过共沸蒸馏进行分离，并且便利于以99％或更高的水平进行更有效的再生，同时提高采用常规蒸馏技术所进行的纯化效果。
从经济和操作的角度来看，特别需指出的是DPTB通过共沸蒸馏从水中分离的能力。这在干洗中特别重要，因为进入干洗设备的衣物含有湿气形式的水分。如上所述，如果水分不为DPTB所吸收，则将对毛织品和乙酸酯类衣物造成损坏。如果所吸收的水分其后不能通过共沸蒸馏从DPTB中分离出去，则所述溶剂将被游离水所稀释，因此将严重危及干洗过程及其效率，以及DPTB的再生能力。
另外，从高闪点与保水作用的最佳组合的角度来看，DPTB要优越于PTB和PNB。这种组合防止了大多数不坚固染料发生渗色。同时我们惊异地发现保湿性的程度已足以完成清洗过程，但仍远低于毛织品衣物产生褶皱的水平。另外，受限的可混程度也避免了溶剂原料由于被稀释而带来的各种相关问题，而当人们考虑是否需要补充溶剂时这是十分重要的。
DPTB是一种相当有效的干洗溶剂，原因在于其去污作用能分解由脂肪酸所致的占衣物总污垢15％的可溶于溶剂(水不溶性)的污垢。通过将污染区域从表面上提起并用对所述表面亲合力大于对污染区域亲合力的表面活性物质取而代之实现溶剂的脱垢。同时，DPTB也能最有效地处理超过80％的干洗中所遇污垢如来自水果、血、尿、甜品等污垢的各种水溶性污垢。尽管DPTB具有这种对水溶性材料的亲合力，人们仍发现其在控制染料渗色和避免人造聚合物如乙酸酯类物质收缩方面极其有效。与其它乙二醇醚如PTB和PNB相比，DPTB展现出意想不到的对溶解于溶剂的污垢的去污作用和对水溶性污垢的亲合力的完美组合。
本发明的DPTB组合物在较低的温度下即约55℃干燥。该温度完全符合由细纱构成的织物的干燥要求，以避免由于过热而造成损坏。
在本发明组合物的制备中，使DPTB与室温下能溶解于DPTB的最大量的水混合。各种环境条件可以已经能够得到被水所饱和的DPTB。如若不然，可将水加入到DPTB中得到所需的溶剂与水的重量比，但该重量比决不应低于约9∶1。重要的是DPTB的量可保持在该水平上而不损坏乙酸酯织物或增加染料的渗色。即使溶剂与水的重量比接近9∶1，DPTB仍是一种有效的干洗溶剂。最优选的是使用约90％重量的DPTB和约10％重量的水，就去除溶解于溶剂和溶解于水的污垢以及进行最有效和经济的干洗操作方面而言，这样做能得到最好的干洗效果。
虽然DPTB可以相当成功和有效地清洗由所有种类的织物所制作的衣物而无须其它试剂如洗涤剂和织物软化剂，但在配方中最好还是包括一种或多种表面活性剂以便通过降低组合物的表面张力来增强DPTB或PNB的去污作用。表面活性剂的例子包括脂肪醇聚丙二醇醚、线性伯醇乙氧基化物和环状硅氧烷。也可加入其它适合用作干洗溶剂的乙二醇醚，包括PTB和PNB。因此，本发明的干洗组合物可包括低于90％重量的DPTB，条件是DPTB与水的重量比仍保持大于约9∶1。本发明的组合物可含有低至50％重量或更低的DPTB，或介于50-100％重量之间的，即55％重量、60％重量、65％重量等量的DPTB。
虽然织物软化剂对干洗而言并不是必须的，但它们是有益的并可用于增强干洗过程。因此，本发明的组合物也可包括有效量的一种或多种织物软化剂。
我们也确定本发明的DPTB组合物对于水不溶性染料和织物的染色而言是有效的溶剂。通过将可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的染料溶解于本发明的DPTB组合物中可制备染料组合物。本领域技术人员只须通过进行简单的溶解性试验而无须过多的实验便可容易地识别水不溶性但可溶解于脂族乙二醇醚的染料。水不溶性染料的种类包括碱性或阳离子染料、分散染料和还原染料。染料组合物的制备方法如下：加热有效量的染料与本发明的DPTB组合物，使其混合直至染料完全溶解于DPTB组合物中。
采用常规染色设备，或通过采用干洗机可进行织物的染色。作为染料溶剂的本发明DPTB组合物不仅起着溶解染料的作用，而且还加速染料渗透进织物纤维中从而在染料分子与织物纤维之间形成较强的键合。
织物在完成染色后可通过常规技术进行干燥。与采用水基染料染色的织物相比，采用溶解于本发明DPTB组合物中的可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的染料进行染色的织物的干燥时间更快。但是本发明DPTB组合物的最大优点是可以使用水不溶性的染料来对织物进行染色，当染色后的织物随后用水洗涤时具有颜色耐久性。
实施例
以下实施例用于更清楚地说明本发明的原理和实践。当然我们应懂得本发明并非局限于具体的实施例。实施例1
干洗溶剂应拥有的最显著性能之一是限制纤维的收缩率以便确保包含纤维的衣物不发生过度的收缩。过度的收缩将使衣物发生变形从而妨碍其后的穿着。因此所用的干洗溶剂必须确保包含衣物纤维的组分纤维不发生过度的收缩。在当今的用途中，含有原毛和乙酸酯的衣物如男性夹克的衬里能使收缩率超过所建立的标准。
对原毛的收缩率试验如下进行：取一系列4”×4”式样的原毛布样，然后将其浸泡于装有下表I中所列溶剂的各个容器内。进行约10分钟的机械搅拌以确保羊毛纤维被完全饱和。然后取出试验布样并在不超过55℃的恒温下干燥。然后将试验布样与对照物进行对比以鉴别纤维中的任何变化，确保式样尺寸没有变化。
分析每一种试验溶剂以鉴定纤维的损失。在第一次浸泡试验中的最大收缩率应不超过2％，并预计在随后的浸泡试验中通常低于0.25％。
表I
实施例2
| 溶剂 | 第一次浸泡的收缩率(％) |
| PM(丙二醇甲醚) | 2％ |
| PNP(丙二醇正丙醚) | 2％ |
| DPM(双丙甘醇甲醚) | 2％ |
| PERC(全氯乙烯) | 2％ |
| PTB(丙二醇叔丁醚) | 1/2％ |
| DPTB(双丙甘醇叔丁醚) | ＜1/2％ |
采用乙酸酯织物的4”×4”布样重复进行实施例1的收缩率试验。结果示于下表II，分析其中和表I的结果可明显看出双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)混合物在原毛及乙酸酯织物情况下的收缩率百分数均为最小，并且实际上当采用原毛时，与其它溶剂包括perc相比，可降低收缩率约400％或更高，而当采用乙酸酯织物时则降低的百分数更高。
表II
实施例3
| PM(丙二醇甲醚) | 3％ |
| PNP(丙二醇正丙醚) | 3％ |
| DPM(双丙甘醇甲醚) | 2-5％ |
| PERC(全氯乙烯) | 2％ |
| PTB(丙二醇叔丁醚) | 1/2％ |
| DPTB(双丙甘醇叔丁醚) | ＜1/2％ |
染料的渗色是干洗剂中存在的祸根。在一种新的干洗溶剂可成功引进之前，染料的品种、其不同的化学结构、可溶于或不溶于所用的具体干洗溶剂中的程度等存在着许多必须面对、提出对策和加以解决的问题。
如下进行染料的渗色试验：取1英寸×1英寸的原毛试验布样，并将其浸泡于装有下表III中所列各种共沸溶剂混合物的各个容器内。向各容器中加入球轴承以加强机械作用对染料的冲击，从而使染料从织物中移出。加大的机械作用应用10分钟。其后从溶剂中取出试验布样和球轴承。采用Bausch & Lomb SPEC 20比色计在用来指示从试验布样中移出的染料相对量的剩余溶剂上进行比色试验。在下表III中示意了对各种在分别染成红色、绿色、黄色、蓝色和紫色的原毛布样上试验的溶剂的结果。结果数值越大，则染料发生渗色的程度越高。
表III
染料渗色
实施例4
| 溶剂 | 红色 | 绿色 | 黄色 | 蓝色 | 紫色 |
| PM | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| PNP | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| DPM | 6 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Perc | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| PTB | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| DPTB | ＜2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
以类似于上述实施例3的方式试验各种染色乙酸酯织物布样以确定在下列溶剂中的染料渗色情况。结果如下表IV所示。
表IV
染料渗色
| 溶剂 | 红色 | 绿色 | 黄色 | 蓝色 | 紫色 |
| PM | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
| PNP | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| DPM | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
| Perc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| PTB | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| DPTB | ＜2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
从表III和IV中可以清楚地看到，就染料渗色而言，不管所使用的织物是原毛还是乙酸酯类物质，本发明的共沸溶剂，也即双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)的性能远优越于PM、PNP和DPM，并可与perc相媲美。事实上，不论织物类型或染料颜色，本发明的溶剂在各种情况下都比非perc溶剂更能有效地防止染料渗色。实施例5
如下在棉上进行污垢去除试验：取一系列12”×12”的棉布试样并将其应用于下表V的标准污垢项目中，然后采用含有皂的perc溶液进行清洗。另一组具有类似污垢的试样采用没有皂液的本发明DPTB组合物进行清洗。本领域的技术人员都了解perc的作用是作为洗涤剂、皂液、水等的载体，并且大多数污垢通常在perc干洗前通过“去斑(spotting)”来去除。下表V的结果显示DPTB不太需要使用皂液和“去斑”。
表V
| 污垢类型 | PERC W/皂液 | DPTB W/O皂液 |
| 鞋油 | 50％ | 50％ |
| 口红 | 60％ | 70％ |
| 化装底粉 | 100％ | 100％ |
| 番茄酱 | 40％ | 60％ |
| 调味色拉油 | 70％ | 80％+ |
| 动物脂肪 | 80％ | 95％ |
| 睫毛油 | 90％ | 90％ |
| 蛋黄酱 | 90％ | 90％ |
| 咖啡 | 30％ | 50％ |
| 油墨 | 30％ | 40％ |
| 机械油 | 80％ | 75％ |
| 糖浆 | 80％ | 90％ |
对于所列举的干洗工人相当常见的各种污垢，显然DPTB的性能与当今干洗业最常使用的溶剂perc的性能相同或优越于后者。
在不偏离本发明的基础上可以采用以上描述及实施例中各种更改及各种特征的组合，这是容易理解的。上述各实施例仅作说明之用，而不能视之为对所附权利要求范围的限定。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于干洗衣物的组合物，包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)、水和织物软化剂，其中织物软化剂的量为软化采用所述干洗组合物进行清洗的衣物织物的有效量，DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
2.权利要求1的组合物，主要由约90％重量的DPTB、约10％重量的水和所述织物软化剂所组成。
3.权利要求1的组合物，还包含第二种表面活性剂。
4.一种干洗衣物的方法，包括在包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的干洗组合物中处理衣物一段足以进行干洗的时间，其中所述干洗组合物中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中所述时间为足以去除可溶于溶剂和可溶于水的污垢的时间。
6.权利要求4的方法，其中所述干洗组合物主要由约90％重量的所述DPTB和约10％重量的水所组成。
7.权利要求4的方法，其中所述干洗组合物还包含有效软化所处理衣物织物的量的织物软化剂。
8.权利要求4的方法，其中所述干洗组合物还包含第二种表面活性剂。
9.一种清洗经擦洗和缩绒后的毛织品的方法，包括采用能实现清洗的组合物处理经擦洗和缩绒后的毛织品，所述组合物包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中所述组合物主要由约90％重量的所述DPTB和约10％重量的水所组成。
11.权利要求9的方法，其中所述组合物还包含第二种表面活性剂。
12.一种用于对织物进行染色的组合物，包含溶解于包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的溶剂中的可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的水不溶性染料的溶液，其中所述溶剂中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
13.权利要求12的组合物，其中所述溶剂主要由约90％重量的所述DPTB和约10％重量的水所组成。
14.权利要求12的组合物，还包含第二种表面活性剂。
15.一种对织物进行染色的方法，包括用包含下述溶液的染料组合物处理织物以实现染色：即溶解于包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的溶剂中的可溶于脂族乙二醇醚的水不溶性染料的溶液，其中所述溶剂中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
16.权利要求15的方法，其进一步的特征是在进行所述染色后的干燥所述织物的步骤。
17.权利要求15的方法，其中所述染料组合物溶剂主要由约90％重量的所述DPTB和约10％重量的水所组成。
18.权利要求15的方法，其中所述染料组合物还包含第二种表面活性剂。
19.一种擦洗原毛的方法，包括用包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的组合物擦洗原毛，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
20.一种对擦洗后的原毛进行缩绒的方法，包括用包含双丙甘醇叔丁醚(DPTB)和水的组合物对所述擦洗后的原毛进行缩绒，其中DPTB与水的重量比至少为约9∶1。
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| US09/621,896 US6273919B1 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2000-07-20 | Biodegradable ether dry cleaning solvent |
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| JP5016772B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
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| AU2001275510B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| ES2312449T3 (es) | 2009-03-01 |
| DE60135338D1 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
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| CA2413083C (en) | 2013-09-10 |
| JP2004503663A (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
| CA2413083A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| AU7551001A (en) | 2001-12-24 |
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| ATE404656T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
| EP1294841B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
| WO2001096513A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| KR20030034095A (ko) | 2003-05-01 |
| US20020083531A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| CN100408663C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
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