CN1195552C - 消除人和动物排泄物气味的组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
消除人和动物排泄物气味的组合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于人和动物(尤其是宠物和家畜)排泄物的组合物(除臭或不除)，该组合物包括酸性剂和水溶性聚合物，其中所述酸性剂是排泄物中氨和吲哚胺的碱中和剂，所述水溶性聚合物是排泄物中产生臭气的化合物蒸汽的屏障形成剂，并被用于减慢排泄物氨和有机氮的空气氧化性硝酸化和酶促硝酸化，于是分散和冲淡环境中的硝酸盐浓度。本发明进一步涉及一种对排泄物施用所述组合物的方法。所述组合物可呈液体形式通过将该液体组合物与排泄物一起混合，或者呈喷雾剂形式通过将该组合物直接喷到排泄物上而对排泄物施用。
Description
本发明总体上涉及用于人和动物排泄物的除臭组合物，并涉及它们的应用方法。用于本说明书中的“动物”这个术语尤其指宠物和家畜。更具体地说，本发明涉及对排泄物施用的、包括酸性剂和水溶性聚合物的新型组合物(优选是水性组合物)，该组合物适用作除臭组合物并且用于冲淡和分散环境中和蓄水池中的硝酸盐浓度，其中所述排泄物的除臭基于通过有机酸酸化和通过水溶性聚合物覆盖排泄物，该水溶性聚合物作为排泄物中产生臭气的化合物的屏障，于是在干燥时形成一层膜，它将排泄物变成易于处理和没有可感觉的气味的固体块状物。
动物例如宠物和家畜等的主人们面临由动物排泄物引起的问题；它的难闻气味以及消除它的必要。人排泄物，例如在室外野营地和军营中的人排泄物，也造成同样的问题。国家法规和国际法规要求用于处理排泄物的材料是无毒的并对环境无害，尤其是它们不能给蓄水池添加硝酸盐或磷酸盐。对商品化除臭组合物的另外要求是低成本，在室内外应用简便以及有效除去呈液体和固体形式的排泄物的臭味。
防止动物排泄物臭气的大多数现有处理方法的基本目标是氨和吲哚胺。如很多公开出版物中所述，防止臭气以及阻碍细菌分解和酶促分解的常规方法是通过各种有机酸和无机酸或它们的盐将这些化合物转变成它们挥发性小得多的铵盐。
虽然酸化作用可防止起源于碱性氨和胺的臭气，但它增强由排泄物的挥发性有机酸(例如乙酸、丙酸和丁酸)产生的臭气，是因为它们的非离子化形式的稳定化。此外，低流动性的粪便不与通常被吸附在或喷在宠物的垃圾上的除臭剂充分接触，于是只是部分地除臭。
因此，需要一种廉价、有效和对环境无害的组合物，该组合物除了对氨和吲哚胺进行安全的除臭处理之外，还应包括一层对排泄物臭气的不透性屏障。该不透性屏障具有另外一个优点，即减慢排泄物氨和有机氮的空气氧化性硝酸化和酶促硝酸化，导致环境中硝酸盐浓度的分散和冲淡。
用于宠物和家畜的已知除臭制剂，如果有的话，也很少具有实用性。
在数份专利中，用于处理宠物排泄物的组合物中应用了交联聚合物凝胶作为吸水物质。
日本专利5269164、3290126和2238834公开了用于吸收动物排泄物、具有高吸水能力的聚合物凝胶。这些凝胶可预先与除臭剂掺和。
日本专利63185323公开了脱除宠物排泄物臭味的吸收剂。聚乙烯醇被用作生产包括吸水性无机聚合物(例如沸石)和水溶性无机盐的丸的粘合剂。
美国专利5039481描述了用于处理家畜排泄物、由脂族聚羧酸制备的NH3除臭剂。
日本专利61119127和62153348描述了用于处理宠物粪便的组合物，该组合物用水不溶性涂层处理粪便从而减少气味并能使粪便可用手清除。但是，这些组合物包括毒性和危害生态的挥发性有机溶剂，例如丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、CFCl3以及昂贵而有毒的氰基丙烯酸酯单体。
本发明描述了包括有机酸和用于排泄物涂盖层的水溶性聚合物的新型除臭组合物，它符合上述要求。此外，通过在除臭组合物中掺入水溶性屏障形成剂，本发明克服了由如下因素引起的臭气的上述两个主要缺限：排泄物的挥发性有机酸非离子化形式的稳定化和低流动性粪便未与除臭组合物充分接触。
本发明涉及用于人和动物(尤其是宠物和家畜)排泄物的除臭组合物，该组合物包括酸性剂和水溶性聚合物，其中所述酸性剂是排泄物中氨和吲哚胺的碱中和剂，所述水溶性聚合物是排泄物中产生臭气的化合物蒸汽的屏障形成剂。本发明还涉及包括酸性剂和水溶性聚合物的组合物(不一定是除臭组合物)，其中该水溶性聚合物是适用于减慢排泄物氨和有机氮的空气氧化性硝酸化和酶促硝酸化的屏障形成剂，于是分散和冲淡环境中和蓄水池中的硝酸盐浓度。
这些组合物优选是水溶液。
本发明进一步涉及对排泄物施用所述组合物的方法。所述组合物可呈液体形式通过将该液体组合物与排泄物一起混合而对排泄物施用。该方法特别适用于处理家畜排泄物。所述组合物还可呈喷雾剂形式被施用，即通过将该组合物直接喷到排泄物上，而在干燥时，喷射的组合物形成一层薄膜，它将排泄物变成易于处理、没有可感觉到的气味的固体块状物。
本发明涉及用于人和动物排泄物的新型除臭组合物(优选为水性组合物)，该组合物包括酸性剂和水溶性聚合物，其中所述酸性剂是排泄物中氨和吲哚胺的碱中和剂，所述水溶性聚合物是排泄物中产生臭气的化合物蒸汽的屏障形成剂。
当对排泄物施用时，这些组合物在干燥时形成薄膜屏障，该屏障大大降低产生臭气的化合物的蒸汽压以及由于酸化作用(它稳定排泄物的挥发性有机酸如乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的非离子化形式)而引起的强烈臭气。至于固体粪便，该膜还吸收可能逃避与除臭剂接触的氨和吲哚胺。这些组合物在干燥时形成一层薄膜，该薄膜将排泄物变成易于处理、没有可感觉到的气味的固体块状物。
所述酸性剂优选是可生物降解的有机酸或它们的可溶性盐，例如柠檬酸、乙醇酸、草酸、聚丙烯酸，优选在1％～10％的浓度范围内。
所述水溶性聚合物优选是羟乙基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、聚乙烯醇、聚(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺，它们是可生物降解的、无毒并且是生态上安全的，优选在0.1％～10％的浓度范围内。
可向所述组合物中添加一种香料(例如苎烯)作为天然香料。
用于本发明中的水溶性涂覆聚合物(WSCP)是可生物降解的、无毒并对环境无害，它们可被包括于各种除臭组合物中。
本发明将通过如下实施例被进一步详细阐述。这些实施例不想限制本发明的范围，只是为了示范和阐明它。
在如下实施例中，WSCP基于羧酸或羧酸组合体或它们的可溶性盐的水溶液被加到组合物中。这些组合物被应用于不同的动物排泄物。
实施例1：
溶液1：5％(w/v)聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液是这样获得的：
将10g PVA(98％水解度，平均M.W.＝16,000)在70℃下溶于200ml自来水(800姆欧的电导率)。
组合物1.1(2.5％PVA)，从如下配方制备了一种适用于宠物排泄物的组合物：
溶液1 125ml
水 125ml
柠檬酸 12.5g
磷酸二氢钾(MKP) 12.5g
苎烯 10μl
组合物1.2(1.5％PVA)，从如下配方制备了一种适用于宠物排泄物和运输的有机肥料的组合物：
1.5％PVA 1000ml
柠檬酸 100g
苎烯 20μl
用家庭中的猫垃圾测试了组合物1.1。将100ml组合物1.1喷到2kg有臭味的猫垃圾上，同时轻微地混合该垃圾。
间或稍微喷洒未覆盖的粪便并刷到一边。
在一段三周的时间内将一个250ml的喷洒瓶用于两次垃圾替换。在这段时间内，排泄物臭味被大为减少了，并且每10天只需换一次垃圾，但未处理的则每4天需更换一次。
用组合物1.1完成该实验后，用相同的猫垃圾测试了组合物1.2，得到相似的除臭效果。
实施例2
该实施例表明：一种组合物既适用于宠物排泄物又适合喷到运输的有机肥料上。
组合物2
1.5％聚乙烯醇水溶液 100ml
柠檬酸 5g
将柠檬酸溶于7ml水，在搅拌下将该溶液缓慢地加到聚乙烯醇溶液中。
将40ml该溶液与200ml从邻近猪圈的粪坑中收集的猪排泄物混合。该排泄物的pH从7被降到6。
在室外将200ml对比物(没有添加物的排泄物)置于一个敞口烧杯中，该烧杯与用组合物2处理过的排泄物相距约10m。
在太阳下一小时后，在处理过的溶液表面形成一层屏障膜，它防止臭气散发并保护下方的排泄物以防苍蝇。
如实施例1中所述那样用猫垃圾测试了该聚乙烯醇-柠檬酸溶液。得到了相似的结果，并且在初次喷洒后10天也不需更换该垃圾。
实施例3
该实施例显示了在含水介质(例如氧化池和家畜排泄物坑)中酸化的效果。
将三份20升从邻近猪圈的粪坑收集的猪排泄物样品加到三个30升连续从空气泵供给空气的塑料槽中。
如下处理这三个样品：
组合物3.1
450ml 乙醇酸(70％)
107ml 乙二醇
300g 七水硫酸亚铁
组合物3.2
450ml 乙醇酸(70％)
300g 七水硫酸亚铁
对比物(未添加)
排泄物的起始pH是7.1(用玻璃电极测定的)。添加组合物3.1和3.2分别使pH变成4.5和4.6。将这些槽在室外放置六个月。定期补充因蒸发而失去的水以保持恒定的体积。
六个月后做了如下观测：
组合物3.1
组合物3.2
对比物
pH 5.92 6.12 6.77
颜色 棕色 棕色 黑色
气味 适中 适中 恶臭
苍蝇蛆 无 无 数个
实施例4
该实施例阐明了所述聚合物作为屏障形成剂的效果。
从实施例2的三个槽滗去水(6个月后)，将下列溶液加到约5升的残余淤渣中：
在3.1中加入450ml 10％聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液。
在3.2中加入260ml 8％聚环氧乙烷溶液。
将这些槽放在太阳下达一周将淤渣晒干。
样品3.2干燥成固体块，它可被容易地处理并且没有可感觉到的臭味。
样品3.1干燥成强度较小的块并且有轻微的残余臭味。
对比样品被分散了并且有残余臭味，但比当它与水混合时的臭味小。
实施例5
该实施例显示了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为屏障形成剂对猫垃圾的效果。
在搅拌下将15g柠檬酸的200ml水溶液加到200ml 2％的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液中。通过混合形成的该溶液pH约为1.5。如实施例1中所述那样将该混合溶液喷到猫垃圾上。
该排泄物臭气被大为减小了，只需每10天更换一次垃圾，而未处理的则每4天需更换一次。
Claims (15)
1.用于人和动物排泄物的除臭组合物，该组合物包括1-10％w/v的酸性剂和0.1-10％w/v的水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物。
2.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述动物是宠物或家畜。
3.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中该组合物呈水溶液形式。
4.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述酸性剂是排泄物中氨和吲哚胺的碱中和剂。
5.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述酸性剂是可生物降解的有机酸或它们的可溶性盐，和无机酸盐。
6.权利要求5的除臭组合物，其中所述有机酸选自：柠檬酸、乙醇酸、草酸、聚丙烯酸。
7.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物是排泄物中产生臭气的化合物蒸汽的屏障形成剂。
8.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物选自：羟乙基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、聚丙烯酸羟乙酯、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、聚甲基丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酰胺。
9.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中所述水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物的浓度范围是1％～10％w/v。
10.权利要求1的除臭组合物，其中向该组合物中添加一种香料。
11.权利要求10的除臭组合物，其中所述香料是苎烯。
12.权利要求11的除臭组合物，其中该苎烯的浓度为20-40μl/L。
13.包括1-10％w/v的酸性剂和0.1-10％w/v的水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物的组合物，其中所述水溶性屏障膜形成性非离子聚合物能形成屏蔽氨的屏障膜，并且所述组合物适用于分散和冲淡环境中的硝酸盐浓度。
14.一种对人和动物排泄物施用除臭组合物的方法，其中将权利要求1的组合物以喷雾剂形式喷到所述排泄物上而施用。
15.一种对家畜排泄物施用除臭组合物的方法，其中将权利要求1的组合物以液体形式与所述排泄物一起混合而施用。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL120007 | 1997-01-14 | ||
| IL12000797A IL120007A (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1997-01-14 | Compositions for eliminating human and animal excrement odors and a method for use thereof |
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| CN1195552C true CN1195552C (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
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| AU (1) | AU731797B2 (zh) |
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| ES (1) | ES2189127T3 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL120007A (zh) |
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| US20070259799A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Earth Friendly Chemicals, Inc. | Biodegradable sanitizing portable toilet solution composition with natural freeze-point depressant |
| EP2470221B1 (de) * | 2009-08-26 | 2016-03-23 | Basf Se | Geruchsinhibierende zusammensetzungen |
| US8753567B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2014-06-17 | Hydro-Solutions, Inc. | Method and kit for controlling odor in an air scrubber |
| US8716176B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2014-05-06 | Cp Kelco Aps | Low soluble solids acid gels and methods for making same |
| CN102441558B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-11-13 | 合肥市东方美捷分子材料技术有限公司 | 一种环境诱导材料 |
| US11089760B2 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2021-08-17 | Absorbent Products Ltd. | Ammonia reducing agent for animal beddings and litters |
| CN105086320A (zh) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-25 | 吴进 | 一种固化除臭剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106729860A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉朗克环境科技有限公司 | 一种环保高效除臭剂及其制备方法 |
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| US4158648A (en) * | 1971-12-12 | 1979-06-19 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited | Pressure- and heat-sensitive coatings |
| US3878303A (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1975-04-15 | Union Oil Co | Treatment of animal wastes |
| US3954964A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1976-05-04 | Shell Oil Company | Air reodorant compositions |
| US4127383A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1978-11-28 | Graham-White Sales Corporation | Foaming waste treatment composition and method for treating nitrogenous waste material therewith |
| US4405354A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1983-09-20 | Uniscope, Inc. | Elimination of odors from waste material |
| JPS6015331B2 (ja) * | 1980-09-08 | 1985-04-18 | 日立機電工業株式会社 | 脱臭剤 |
| JPS61137565A (ja) * | 1984-12-11 | 1986-06-25 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 液状脱臭剤 |
| JPS61232855A (ja) * | 1985-04-05 | 1986-10-17 | 三菱石油株式会社 | 消臭剤 |
| JPS6214859A (ja) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-23 | 鈴木 敦士 | 消臭剤 |
| US4909986A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1990-03-20 | Dainippon Ink | Aqueous deodorants and deodorizing methods |
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| JPH0657240B2 (ja) | 1985-10-31 | 1994-08-03 | アイコ−株式会社 | 脱臭剤 |
| US4839089A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-06-13 | Mimasu Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. | Substance for converting waste cooking oil into liquid soap |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2189127T3 (es) | 2003-07-01 |
| EP1019099A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
| US7229612B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
| EP1019099B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
| CA2278164A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
| CA2278164C (en) | 2007-07-17 |
| ATE229347T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
| US6413506B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| AU5494698A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
| IL120007A0 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
| CN1248922A (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
| DE69810139T2 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
| DK1019099T3 (da) | 2003-03-17 |
| JP2001507970A (ja) | 2001-06-19 |
| US20020127195A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| WO1998030251A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
| DE69810139D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
| IL120007A (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| AU731797B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
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