CN1192333A - 溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色食品和药物制品的用途 - Google Patents
溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色食品和药物制品的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1192333A CN1192333A CN97107277A CN97107277A CN1192333A CN 1192333 A CN1192333 A CN 1192333A CN 97107277 A CN97107277 A CN 97107277A CN 97107277 A CN97107277 A CN 97107277A CN 1192333 A CN1192333 A CN 1192333A
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Abstract
本发明描述了溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色食品和药物制品的用途,其中使用溶液化类胡萝卜素制品,该制品的制备是通过将含有1—40%wt一种或几种类胡萝卜素、20—90%wt一种或几种非离子乳化剂和0—50%wt其它添加剂的悬浮液在120—200℃下短时间加热,并且将该均匀溶液与一定量的水或含亲水性抗氧化剂的水溶液在10—95℃下剧烈混合,以形成具有0.5—10%wt类胡萝卜素含量的溶液化制品,其中水或含水溶液中含有或不含有其它表面活性剂。
Description
本发明涉及含有0.5-10%wt类胡萝卜素的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色食品和药物制品的用途。
类胡萝卜素为一组自然界可广泛发现而且提供许多食品以特征颜色的黄色至红色的色素。这类物质的最重要代表是β-胡萝卜素、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素醛、斑蝥黄素(canthaxanthin)、虾青素、番茄红素和柠黄质(citranaxanthin)。这些可以合成制备的物质是食品工业和药物制品技术中替代合成染料的重要着色剂,而且人们对此很感兴趣,部分原因在于它们的维生素A原活性。
所有类胡萝卜素不溶于水,但发现在脂肪和油中仍然仅仅有低的溶解性。由于粗晶型物质仅能提供粗劣的着色效果,所以这有限的溶解性和对氧化的高度敏感性防碍了合成获得的相对粗粒的产品在着色食品中的直接应用。
为了提高着色量,现有技术中记载了各种生产方法,所有这些都以减小活性成分的颗粒粒径为目的,而且使其粒径在小于10μm的范围内。根据WO91/06292和WO94/19411,除磨碎类胡萝卜素外,这些加工方法主要包括例如在DE-1211911A、EP-0410236A和EP-0065193B中记载的已知的乳化和微粒化方法。
对于类胡萝卜素的特定应用领域,例如用于着色饮料(包括软饮料),人们希望该类胡萝卜素配方以液体形式出现,而且该液体配方在水溶液中重新分散,使得溶液具有透明的颜色。为实现这个效果,需要相对小的活性化合物颗粒(<100nm)。
EP-0551638A记载了一种稳定的β-胡萝卜素乳化液,该乳化液用抗坏血酸基(ascorbyl)棕榈酸酯作乳化剂,其粒子大小仍为200-300nm之间。
此外,WO94/06310记载了用于饮料着色的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品,但是其活性成分含量最多为1.0%wt。
因此,本发明目的在于提供用于着色食品和药物制品的稳定的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品,其颗粒粒径在10-200nm范围内,且其活性成分浓度大于0.5%wt。
我们发现根据本发明的目的可以通过使用用于着色食品和药物制品的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品来实现,其中使用的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品是通过将包括1-40%wt一种或几种类胡萝卜素、20-90%wt一种或几种非离子乳化剂和0-50%wt其它添加剂的悬浮液在120-200℃下短时间加热,并且将该均匀溶液与一定量的水或含亲水性抗氧化剂的水溶液在10-95℃下剧烈混合,以形成具有0.5-10%wt类胡萝卜素含量的溶液化制品,其中水或含水溶液中含有或不含有其它表面活性剂。该溶液化制品可以进一步稀释到所需的最终浓度。
在浓缩活性成分配方的基础上,通过调节相应的类胡萝卜素配方的量可以得到所需的着色效果,因此,本发明的溶液化含类胡萝卜素制品在食品着色方面的用途能够覆盖很多颜色范围。
用于本发明作食品着色剂用途的溶液化制品,既可以根据EP-0055817A分批制备,或者也可以根据EP-0479066A记载的方法进行连续制备。优选,将预热到20-80℃、优选50-70℃的悬浮液通过位于加热油内的加热蛇管泵送,所说的悬浮液含有1-40%wt,优选10-30%wt一种或几种类胡萝卜素、20-90%wt一种或几种非离子乳化剂、添加或没有添加0-50%wt其它添加剂,溶液化混合物内的温度为120-200℃,且停留时间在10-300秒,并且如果适当,在提升至10-50巴的压力下,将该均匀溶液与一定量含有或不含其它表面活性剂的水或含亲水性抗氧化剂的水溶液,于10-95℃下在混合室中剧烈混合,得到快速冷却到95℃以下的均匀溶液,形成具有0.5-10%wt、优选1.5-6%wt类胡萝卜素含量的溶液化制品。
考虑到更详细的加工方法描述,特意将上面提到的两个欧洲专利和其中记载的条件引入本文以作参考。
在本发明的加工方法中,可以使用的类胡萝卜素为已知的、可天然或合成获得的、可用于着色的化合物,这类天然或合成的化合物代表诸如有β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、胭脂树橙、玉米黄质、隐黄质、柠黄质、叶黄素、斑蝥黄素、虾青素、β-阿朴-4′-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-12′-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素酸和这组物质中含羟基和羧基的代表物的酯,如低级烷基酯,优选甲基酯和乙基酯。特别优选使用先前工业上容易得到的物质,诸如β-胡萝卜素、斑蝥黄素、虾青素、番茄红素、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素醛和β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素酸酯。
该类胡萝卜素可以以纯粹的形式或以油分散液的形式悬浮在乳化剂中,其中分散剂可以是矿物、植物或动物源。典型的代表是食用油,尤其是芝麻籽油、玉米油、棉籽油、大豆油或花生油。
适宜的乳化剂为本身已知具有HLB值为12-16的非离子乳化剂(参见H.P.Fiedler,Lexikon der Pharmazie,Kosmetik undangrenzende Gebiete,[Lexicon of Pharmacy,Cosmetics and relatedareas](药学、化妆品学及相关领域词典),1996,第753-756页),尤其是如DE-2911241A中记载的,具有12-18个碳原子的脂肪酸的乙氧基化甘油三酯,其中含有20-60个乙氧基单元,或者,具有大约20乙氧基单元的脂肪酸乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇酯,或具有14-17个乙氧基单元的乙氧基化单羟基脂肪酸。这种类型的乳化剂也被称为加溶剂,因为它们溶于水,而且通过将亲油物质保持于胶束溶液中,起到对亲油物质的加溶作用。胶束溶液的特征是透明和澄清。它们可以通过记录胶束粒子的粒径来表征,通过准弹性光散射法(quasi-elastic lightscattering)测定。
根据所用的加溶剂和活性成分的含量,相应的直径为10-200nm。
非离子乳化剂的特别适宜的例子是:甘油聚氧化乙烯乙二醇蓖麻酸酯、甘油聚氧乙烯乙二醇羟基硬脂酸酯、聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇单棕榈酸酯和含15个乙氧基单元的单羟基硬脂酸,其使用量基于所用的类胡萝卜素为100-1000%wt的浓度,优选300-800%wt。
除上面记载的加溶剂之外,为提高溶液化制品的消泡性能,可以使用其它表面活性物质,优选以0-5%wt的浓度(以溶液化制品总量计)使用。除脂肪醇、油、诸如聚硅氧烷的聚合物和诸如卵磷脂的磷脂外,优选HLB值小于5的乳化剂作为消泡剂。这些消泡剂可以在溶液化制品的制备过程中加入,根据其溶解性,或者加入到加溶剂/类胡萝卜素混合物中,或者加入到水相中。然而,还可以单独添加消泡剂,而且直到溶液化制品制成后再加入。
为了防止类胡萝卜素氧化分解并因此增加所用溶液化制品的光稳定性,可以附加结合使用抗氧化剂。通常抗氧化剂的例子是:丁基化羟基甲苯、丁基化羟苯甲醚、抗坏血酸基棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠和d,1-α-生育酚和d,1-α-生育酚酯,它们可以在溶液化制品内单独使用或混合使用,当为水溶性抗氧化剂时,使用0-500%wt(基于所用的类胡萝卜素),当为油溶性抗氧化剂时使用0-200%wt(基于所用的类胡萝卜素)。
当为含生育酚的溶液化制品时,令人惊奇的是,大量抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠可以溶解在水相中且在溶液化制品中没有沉淀发生。这种液体类胡萝卜素配方除富集附加维生素C外,其具有的优点是当用含氧水或含水体系稀释溶液化制品至约1-100ppm类胡萝卜素的使用浓度时,这些水溶性抗氧化剂成分可以有效地捕获溶解氧,以致类胡萝卜素仍能得到保护。
本发明的溶液化制品遵从根据DAB10(DAB:DeutschesArzneibuch,[German Pharmacopoeia](德国药典))微生物计数测定法的微生物测定要求。据此,所有测试微生物的减少超出用于口服制品的防腐性能的DAB要求。而且,通过添加0-200%wt浓度,优选10-150%wt,特别优选15-80%wt(基于类胡萝卜素)浓度的食品中许可的防腐剂,如山梨酸、山梨酸钠、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、苯甲醇、丁基化羟基甲苯或PHB酯,如4-羟甲基苯甲酸酯或4-羟丙基苯甲酸酯,可以防止溶液化制品中所不希望的微生物分解,这种微生物分解在延长的贮藏时间期间内不可能总是被排除。
在长期贮藏期间避免微生物生长的进一步可能是通过加入糖和/或糖醇来减小溶液化制品内的水分活度,例如加入蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、转化糖、山梨糖、甘露糖醇或甘油。
溶液化制品的连续制造方法导致得到平均粒径10-200nm、优选小于100nm的非常小的胶束水分散液,其中类胡萝卜素以溶解的形式存在于胶束内部。令人惊奇的是,尽管高活性成分的浓度高达10%wt,溶液化制品在物理和化学上是稳定的。即使在活性成分和添加剂浓度都高的情况下,也没有发现本身水不溶性的类胡萝卜素的沉淀。
浓缩的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品的用途主要在食品着色领域,尤其在必须保持视觉透明的有色饮料。如上面提到的,溶液化制品与抗坏血酸和其它食品和饮料工业的常用酸,如水果酸,都可非常好地配伍。此外,这些液态类胡萝卜素配方可以给脂肪,如黄油和人造奶油,以及牛奶制品着色。
通过实施例说明本发明。实施例1
将2500g聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯(Tween60)中含有500g β-胡萝卜素的悬浮液预热至65℃,以2.2kg/h的流量送入浸在加热到190℃的油浴中的热蛇管中,蛇管具有2毫米的内径和12米长。在热交换器的出口为164℃下而且停留62s后,β-胡萝卜素溶解于乳化剂中。在连接着的混合器中,将β-胡萝卜素溶液在62℃的混合温度下与25℃的水(流量:5.4kg/h)剧烈混合。溶液化制品在20巴压力下通过压力控制阀卸出。得到具有4.4%wt β-胡萝卜素和20nm的胶束大小的深红胶束β-胡萝卜素溶液。实施例2
将2300g的聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯(Tween60)和207g d,1-α-生育酚中含有500g β-胡萝卜素的悬浮液预热至70℃,以2.2kg/h的流量送入浸在加热到190℃油浴中的热蛇管中,蛇管具有2毫米的内径和12米长。在热交换器出口为164℃下而且停留62s后,β-胡萝卜素溶解在乳化剂中。在连接着的混合器内,将β-胡萝卜素溶液在61℃的混合温度下与25℃的水(流量:5.4kg/h)剧烈混合。溶液化制品在20巴压力下通过压力控制阀卸出。得到具有4.4%wtβ-胡萝卜素和2.0%wt生育酚含量的深红胶束β-胡萝卜素溶液。该胶束的平均大小为29nm。实施例3
通过与实施例1相似的方式制得溶液。各情况中使用的水相为10%、20%或30%wt量的含水甘油溶液。实验结果记载于表1。表1:
实施例4
10%wt甘油 | 20%wt甘油 | 30%wt甘油 | |
悬浮液流量[kg/h] | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
水相流量[kg/h] | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
β-胡萝卜素含量[wt%] | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.6 |
胶束大小[nm] | 17 | 18 | 28 |
通过与实施例2相似的方式完成实验步骤。在三个不同实验中研究不同量d,1-α-生育酚对溶液化制品特性的影响。实验结果记载于表2。表2:
实施例5
0.5%wt生育酚 | 3.0%wt生育酚 | 4.0%wt生育酚 | |
悬浮液流量[kg/h] | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
水相流量[kg/h] | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
β-胡萝卜素含量[wt%] | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
胶束大小[nm] | 17 | 74 | 95 |
通过与实施例2相似的方式完成实验步骤。使用每kg水中含200g的抗坏血酸和200g的抗坏血酸钠的溶液代替水。最终溶液化制品具有以下成分:3.9%wt的β-胡萝卜素、2.0%wt的生育酚、9.9%wt的抗坏血酸钠、9.9%wt的抗坏血酸。胶束大小:19nm。实施例6
将480g的聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯(Tween60)和16g生育酚中含有200g浓度为20%wt的于花生油中的阿朴胡萝卜素醛分散体的悬浮液预热至50℃,以1.0kg/h的流量送入浸在加热到170℃油浴中的热蛇管中,蛇管具有2毫米的内径和12米长。在热交换器出口为138℃下而且停留136s后,阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶解在乳化剂中。在连接着的混合器中,将阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶液在40℃的混合温度下与25℃的水(流量:8.3kg/h)剧烈混合。溶液化制品在30巴压力下通过压力控制阀卸出。得到具有0.59%wt阿朴胡萝卜素醛、0.25%wt d,1-α-生育酚含量和胶束大小为21nm的深红胶束阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶液。实施例7
将500g聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯(Tween40)和32g d,1-α-生育酚中含有40g阿朴胡萝卜素醛的悬浮液预热到50℃,以1.0kg/h的流量送入浸在加热到180℃油浴中的热蛇管中,蛇管具有2毫米的内径和12米长。在热交换器出口为150℃下而且停留136s后,阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶解在乳化剂中。在连接着的混合器中,将阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶液在40℃的混合温度下与25℃的水(流量:8.3kg/h)剧烈混合。溶液化制品在30巴压力下通过压力控制阀卸出。得到具有0.6%wt阿朴胡萝卜素醛、0.6%wt d,1-α-生育酚含量和胶束大小为35nm的深红胶束阿朴胡萝卜素醛溶液。实施例8
一份体积的实施例1的溶液化制品与相同体积的浓度为1%wt的消泡剂水溶液混合,在规定的条件下摇动30s,而且以cm为单位在规定形状下测定泡沫峰的高度与时间的关系。将溶液化制品与相同体积的水混合,作为比较。表3显示添加消泡剂时,观察到相当少的泡沫形成和/或形成的泡沫较快破裂。表3:
实施例9
消泡剂 | 泡沫高度(开始)[cm] | 泡沫高度(5分钟)[cm] | 泡沫高度(10分钟)[cm] |
无 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
单/二乙酸甘油酯 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
卵磷脂 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
将100g果糖、5g柠檬酸和1g维生素C在玻璃烧杯内溶解在800g水中。在第二个玻璃烧杯内,将15ml橘子香精和65mg浓度为4%wt的β-胡萝卜素溶液化制品在含0.25g黄原胶的100g水中乳化,而且用Ultraturrax“T25”以1000rpm速度将混合物均质2分钟。然后将两个玻璃烧杯中的成分经搅拌组合,混合物经短时加热器装置杀菌而且灌入瓶内。该饮料具有清澈亮黄色而且β-胡萝卜素含量为2.5ppm。
Claims (7)
1.溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色食品和药物制品的用途,其中使用溶液化类胡萝卜素制品,该制品的制备是通过将含有1-40%wt一种或几种类胡萝卜素、20-90%wt一种或几种非离子乳化剂和0-50%wt其它添加剂的悬浮液在120-200℃下短时间加热,并且将该均匀溶液与一定量的水或含亲水性抗氧化剂的水溶液在10-95℃下剧烈混合,以形成具有0.5-10%wt类胡萝卜素含量的溶液化制品,其中水或含水溶液中含有或不含有其它表面活性剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品的用途,其中含有1.5-6%wt的类胡萝卜素。
3.如权利要求1所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品的用途,其中它们在存在或不存在具有HLB值小于5的非离子乳化剂的情况下,含有具有12-16的HLB值的非离子乳化剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品的用途,其中它们另外含有0-40%wt的抗氧化剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品的用途,其中它们具有10-200nm的颗粒粒径。
6.如权利要求1-5所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色饮料的用途。
7.如权利要求1-5所述的溶液化类胡萝卜素制品用于着色人造奶油和牛奶制品的用途。
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DE19653410.0 | 1996-12-20 | ||
DE19653410A DE19653410A1 (de) | 1996-12-20 | 1996-12-20 | Verwendung von Carotinoid-Solubilisaten zum Färben von Lebensmitteln und pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen |
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CN1192333A true CN1192333A (zh) | 1998-09-09 |
CN1136791C CN1136791C (zh) | 2004-02-04 |
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US (1) | US6287615B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0848913A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH10182493A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1136791C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19653410A1 (zh) |
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-
1997
- 1997-12-11 US US08/989,135 patent/US6287615B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-16 EP EP97122115A patent/EP0848913A3/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1136791C (zh) | 2004-02-04 |
JPH10182493A (ja) | 1998-07-07 |
DE19653410A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
US6287615B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 |
EP0848913A2 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0848913A3 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
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