CN1190501A - 带有b控制的开关电路段 - Google Patents

带有b控制的开关电路段 Download PDF

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CN1190501A
CN1190501A CN96195354A CN96195354A CN1190501A CN 1190501 A CN1190501 A CN 1190501A CN 96195354 A CN96195354 A CN 96195354A CN 96195354 A CN96195354 A CN 96195354A CN 1190501 A CN1190501 A CN 1190501A
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voltage
transformer
flux density
magnetic flux
power supply
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CN1051657C (zh
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彼得·沃尔夫
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/40—Means for preventing magnetic saturation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

发明建议使用一种带有变压器的开关电路段,在这一电路中控制或调节取决于变压器磁通量密度的输出电流或输出电压。由此有利地避免,特别在大的脉冲距离时变压器进入饱和。通过将磁通量密度限制在一预定值上可优化功率功能件(由于被限制出现的热负荷)。

Description

带有B控制的开关电路段
现有技术是，在一个开关电路段中以电流形式或以电压形式调节输出电流或输出电压。
在电流形式中，开关调节器按下述原理工作：预先规定在变压器中应达到的峰值电流额定值，然后根据额定值调节变压器上的特定脉冲距离，如图1所示。图1还显示了变压器中的电流i、峰值电流的额定值Is和由此产生的脉冲距离p。
此外，还很容易看出，在瞬时过程中脉冲距离p可以很快地具有较大的值，因为变压器在大的脉冲距离时不再完全去磁，因此变压器在几个脉冲后即进入饱和。当然，人们可以将脉冲距离p限制为一固定值，这也有其不足，即几乎无法实现宽范围电路段。
在电压形式中，预先规定的值不是峰值电流，而直接是脉冲距离p(图2)，如果通过将三角形或锯齿形电压与额定值进行比较得到这一距离。但是这里也存在同样的问题，即在瞬时过程中，脉冲距离p可以达到很大，变压器不再去磁。图2显示了电压形式的三种信号：三角形电压UD，额定值Us和脉冲距离。
发明的目的是找到一种可能的途径，即根据单端通量转换器原理，在开关电路段这样限制脉冲距离：避免变压器中的饱和现象和与此相关的过电压。
发明的核心及优点：
通过预先规定或限制变压器中的最大通量密度(替代了峰值电流或直接的脉冲距离，即电流或电压形式)不仅可以最佳地充分利用变压器，而且还可最佳地充分利用功率功能块，即在最小的热张紧状态下使用(条件是产生过电压)。
因此在开关电路段启动时发明有其优点，因为脉冲距离决不超过不允许的值，并且通过所需部件的合理布置自动给出“均调启动”。
对于输出调节器是一个有利的副作用。当系统特别是在电流形式中趋于不稳定时(至少在极限范围内：断电的额定负载，空转和输出短路)，发明的开关调节器原理显示了高的稳定性。
最后，用对于电流形式已有的开关电路(IC)可以很简单地组装起一个开关调节器。此外，还省去了初级分流电阻，这对电路段效率有利。
发明的实施例在随后的描述中详细介绍。图1显示了电流形式中已知调节器的电流和电压图表，图2显示了电压形式中已知开关调节器的两个电压图表，图3显示了一个实施例的方框图，图4显示了图3中开关调节器的两个电压图表。
实施例描述
图3显示了带有两个磁耦合线圈19，20的变压器17，这两个线圈由另一耦合线圈18供电。线圈20通过一顺序开关的整流器21与分流电阻23和输出电容器24并联。与输出电容器24并联的是输出端子37，38，其可分接充电电压U。线圈18的一端接地，另一端通过二极管15与电源14相连。在位于线圈19一端和二极管15之间节点1连接上一个积分器11。积分器11的输入端有一个电阻R1和一个电容器C1，另一端与参考电压Vref相连。在由电容器C1和电阻R1组成的第二个节点2上通过另一电阻22与参考电压Vref相连。因此，在节点2连接上开关调节器10的第一输入端34。首先预定开关调节器10为商用集成线路，它有一个比较电路28，其逆向输入端与第一输入端34相连。比较电路28的非逆向输入端构成了节点3，在这一点预先规定了调节电压UR。节点3通过限制27与开关调节器10的第二输入端35相连。比较电路28的输出端与触发器31的输入端R相连。在触发器31的设置输入端S接上一个振荡器30。触发器31的输出端Q与激励级32相连，其输出端通过端子33和分离电阻39与晶体管T1的控制输入端相连。为完善起见还需指出，开关调节器10具有一个？？稳压29，它用于内部组件的供电以及形成参考电压Vref。
晶体管T1(例如MUS晶体管)在其负荷电路中接上了一个空转二极管16。晶体管T1一方面接地，另一方面与线圈18的一端相连。线圈18通过整流器26与电路电压UAC相连。与接地相对，滤波电容器25与整流器26并联。
在位于分流电阻23和线圈20之间的节点上接上了一个电流调节器12，其第二接头通过电位分离13与开关调节器10的第二输入端35相连。
图4显示了节点1至3上充电电压随时间变化的两个图表。上面的图表显示了在变压器17的线圈19(辅助绕组)上测得的节点1上的电压变化，下面的图表显示了与上图时间相关的节点2和3上相应的电压变化。
下面，根据图3来详细说明实施例的函数形式。
可以根据感应定律来计算变压器的通量密度变化： ΔB = 1 N ·A ·∫u·dt 开关电路段中的所有参数都是已知的或可很容易测得的。ΔB是所求的通量密度变化，N是与被积分电压u有关的变压器的匝数，A变压器最小的截面面积。几乎每个变压器的初级都有一个辅助绕组，以给开关调节器供电。这可以直接积分，以确定瞬时的通量密度。
这一用于电压积分的线路很简单，它只由一个RC元件R1，C1组成，其参数选择可很容易导出。
发明在于，可以电流或电压形式开动开关调节器，而是将峰值通量密度预先规定为额定值，在达到这一额定值时，开关晶体管断开。
图3显示了这样一个调节器的原理线路，图4以处于振荡状态的、带有次级电流调节的单端通量转换器为例，显示了随时间的变化过程。
为了便于理解：在图3中，振荡器30用来产生开关频率，它试图在一固定的时间段内通过设置触发器31接通晶体管T1。但是，当比较电路不要求复位脉冲时，只能这样设置。如果这样设置，T1接通，用级间耦合电路电压给变压器17充磁。C1和R1组成了变压器电压的积分器，这样，在节点2生成了正比于电压的通量密度。如果这一密度超过了节点3的额定值(它可以被限制为一固定的电压)，那么，比较电路复位，由此再次断开T1。现在，变压器17通过晶体管容量由T1反复磁化。这也在C1上记录，并再次给出正确的。从反复磁化结束到下一次晶体管接通始终保持负的预磁化。
C1不接地，而是与Vref接通，这样在电路段开始时产生均调启动。R2只用作节点2电压的补偿匹配，以不使比较电路28的输入端过激励。总称为开关调节器10的所有元件以低的成本在IC电路中积分。

Claims (3)

1.带有变压器、开关调节器以及用来调节初级周期变压器输出端的输出电流或输出电压的电流或电压调节器的开关电路段，其特征是，
-预先规定开关器具(11)，用这些开关器具可测量相应于变压器(17)磁通量密度(B)的磁化电压(uM)，
-可将磁化电压(uM)与预先规定的参考电压(UR)进行比较。
-在达到参考电压(UR)时可转换变压器(17)的供电。
2，根据权利要求1的开关电路段，其特征是，开关器具(11)具有一积分器。
3.根据权利要求1或2的开关电路段，起特征是，积分器(11)有一个由电阻(R1)和电容器(C1)组成的串联电路。
CN96195354A 1995-07-08 1996-06-21 带有磁通密度控制的开关式电源装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1051657C (zh)

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DE19524963A DE19524963A1 (de) 1995-07-08 1995-07-08 Schaltnetzteil mit B-Steuerung
DE19524963.1 1995-07-08

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DE (1) DE19524963A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2318889B (zh)
HK (1) HK1015562A1 (zh)
MY (1) MY116540A (zh)
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CN101657945B (zh) * 2007-02-20 2012-11-28 Abb有限公司 用于有源电压调节的通量控制系统
CN104081639A (zh) * 2012-02-09 2014-10-01 瑞典爱立信有限公司 隔离开关模式电源中变压器通量密度的控制

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CN101657945B (zh) * 2007-02-20 2012-11-28 Abb有限公司 用于有源电压调节的通量控制系统
CN102270932A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 凌力尔特有限公司 具有磁通密度极限的dc/dc转换器
CN102270932B (zh) * 2010-06-04 2014-12-17 凌力尔特有限公司 具有磁通密度极限的dc/dc转换器
CN104539159A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2015-04-22 凌力尔特有限公司 具有磁通密度极限的dc/dc转换器
CN104081639A (zh) * 2012-02-09 2014-10-01 瑞典爱立信有限公司 隔离开关模式电源中变压器通量密度的控制

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MY116540A (en) 2004-02-28
TW315537B (zh) 1997-09-11
GB2318889B (en) 1999-09-08
GB9800390D0 (en) 1998-03-04
DE19524963A1 (de) 1997-01-09
GB2318889A (en) 1998-05-06
WO1997003492A1 (de) 1997-01-30
HK1015562A1 (en) 1999-10-15
US5940281A (en) 1999-08-17

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