CN1184484A - 新的抗艾滋病免疫毒素 - Google Patents
新的抗艾滋病免疫毒素 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1184484A CN1184484A CN96193981A CN96193981A CN1184484A CN 1184484 A CN1184484 A CN 1184484A CN 96193981 A CN96193981 A CN 96193981A CN 96193981 A CN96193981 A CN 96193981A CN 1184484 A CN1184484 A CN 1184484A
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- immunotoxin
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- monoclonal antibody
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新的抗艾滋病免疫毒素。这种免疫毒素包含与抗病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体化学结合的毒素。本发明还提供了使用这种新的免疫毒素的各种方法,其中包括治疗各种疾病的方法。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明主要涉及分子免疫学和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的治疗方法。具体地说,本发明涉及用于治疗艾滋病的新的免疫毒素。
相关技术的说明
全世界有六百万人感染了HIV病毒,因而迫切需要治疗这种疾病的有效方法。虽然人们正致力于研究疫苗的开发,但是病毒的特殊性质使得这种研究成为一项尤其艰难而持久的任务。而且,对目前的AIDS病例的治疗受到严重的限制。在美国,目前只有一种药物,即迭氮胸苷(AZT)已经注册可正式使用。但问题是不断有抗AZT的HIV毒株产生。随着病毒突变形式的出现,抗性不断提高。目前盛行的有关病毒抗药性的理论认为是病毒的变异速度之快使得抗性更高的变异形式以极快的速度出现。但是,最近的研究提出,抗药性并不是高突变性的结果,而可能是病毒高水平复制的结果。
不论抗药性的机制如何,AZT不会长期有效。而且,这种治疗方法十分昂贵,并伴有副作用,例如恶心、癫痫发作、肝功能紊乱和骨髓抑制。AZT的其它化学变体,例如DDC和DDI,虽然在临床试验中具有治疗前景但是药效有限。虽然目前正在进行大量其它药物和治疗方案的研究,但是显然需要别种药物和新的方法来治疗这种疾病。
实验性的AIDS免疫疗法显示出一定的前景,但是多数疗效十分不稳定,这主要是因为靶分子的高度变异性。这些靶分子,例如HIV囊膜蛋白,在不同毒株和不同病人中都不相同。
但是,在抗体-毒素结合物的抗体部分有完全特异的靶存在时,免疫毒素疗法被证明对几种其他疾病十分有效。例如,可将假单胞菌外毒素与抗卵巢癌肿瘤的单克隆抗体偶联。在小鼠模型中,它有效地抑制了人卵巢癌细胞的生长(Willingham,M.C.等,1987)。AIDS免疫疗法所需要的是高度特异性的不变的靶。
HIV酶即逆转录酶(RT)对病毒复制来说十分重要。这种酶在催化病毒遗传物质(RNA)的DNA拷贝形成中起主要作用。DNA然后被用于立即产生更多的病毒拷贝,或整合进病人的基因组,在以后表达病状。很可能是这种重要的作用导致了逆转录酶高度保守的结构。而且,最近证明,当细胞被HIV感染后,逆转录酶(或其部分)的拷贝与细胞的外表面结合。逆转录酶在细胞表面的表达甚至大大超过病毒囊膜蛋白的表达。
现有技术中缺少一种治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征的有效手段。本发明填补了该领域长期以来的这项空白。
发明综述
本发明实施方式之一提供了一种包含免疫毒素的组合物,其中所述的免疫毒素包含与抗病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体化学结合的毒素。
本发明实施方式之二提供了一种包含免疫毒素和药学上认可的载体的药物组合物,其中所述的免疫毒素包含与抗病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体化学结合的毒素。
本发明实施方式之三提供了一种治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征的方法,其步骤包括给患有所述综合征的病人使用治疗有效量的本发明的新型组合物。
本发明实施方式之四提供了治疗被人免疫缺陷病毒感染的个体的方法,其步骤包括给所述个体使用治疗有效量的本发明的新型组合物。
为了本发明的公开给出以下优选实施例,本发明其它方面的内容、特点和优点将由此变得显而易见。
附图说明
为了获得和充分理解本发明的上述特点、优点和目的等,将参照附图中表示的特定实施例对以上简要说明的本发明进行具体的说明。这些附图是本说明书的一部分。但需要指出的是,由于附图说明的是本发明的优选实施例,所以不能被认为是对本发明范围的限定。
附图1表示免疫毒素合成的总方案图(图1A,1R,1C和1D)。
图2表示抗感染H9细胞的HIV毒株(HIV-AC-1)的免疫毒素即逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆(Podeweed)抗病毒蛋白对细胞作用24小时或48小时。
图3表示免疫毒素即抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白对HIV细胞系H-9和HIV毒株PM-213作用24、48或72小时后的效果。
图4表示培养1天之后本发明的免疫毒素构建物即抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白其细胞毒性的剂量效应关系。
图5表示本发明的抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-gelonin免疫毒素其细胞毒性的剂量效应关系。
图6表示免疫毒素抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白对H9细胞+HIV-IIIB的作用。
图7表示用本发明的免疫毒素的抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白处理H9+MN细胞3天后的效果。
图8表示培养1天后本发明的gelonin免疫毒素对H9细胞+HIV-MN的作用。
图9表示本发明的gelonin免疫毒素对H9细胞+HIV-MN的作用。
本发明的详细说明
本发明公开了一种利用免疫毒素治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的新方法。治疗途径的设计以释放极为有效的对AIDS病毒感染细胞具特异性的毒素为基础,这种特异性是通过利用抗病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体来使之以被感染细胞为目标而获得的。
大多数HIV感染细胞在细胞表面表达病毒逆转录酶。而且,不同毒株和不同分离物的HIV逆转录酶之间的结构差异很小。这与大多数具高度变异性的HIV病毒蛋白不同。本发明公开了利用抗HIV-1逆转录酶的不同单克隆抗体和多种单链和双链的催化性核糖体灭活的毒素制备的免疫毒素,这些毒素包括商陆抗病毒蛋白、gelonin、蓖麻毒蛋白A链、modeccin和dodecandrin。
免疫毒素的效果与抗体和毒素均相关。决定细胞结合、内化作用、由细胞表面向内部转运和总的细胞毒性的因素是复杂而难以预计的。所以,很难确定将哪一种单克隆抗体与特定的毒素结合。
本发明确定了MAb-PAP(商陆抗病毒蛋白)和MAb-Gelonin免疫结合物的理想的量效曲线。这些量效曲线有助于与其它类型的免疫结合物制剂进行比较。本发明还公开了免疫结合物的制备方法,利用相同的单克隆抗体,但包含毒素蓖麻毒蛋白、蓖麻毒蛋白A链和dodecandrin,因为它们具有抗HIV感染细胞的细胞毒性。
本发明还公开了抗HIV-1-逆转录酶的其他单克隆抗体。然后,这些单克隆抗体分别与PAP(商陆抗病毒蛋白)、gelonin、麻麻毒蛋白、蓖麻毒蛋白A链或dodecandrin偶联,然后测定细胞毒性。
本发明描述了一种包含免疫毒素的组合物,所述的免疫毒素包含与抗病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体化学结合的毒素。制备了一组共70多种抗HIV-1逆转录酶的鼠单克隆抗体。它们在IgG和IgM种类和亚型上有所不同。HIV逆转录酶特异性单克隆抗体的代表性实例包括:HIVRT10-1-a,HIVRT2-2-F8,HIVRT11-1-b,HIVRT6-1-a,HIVRT12-1-c,HIVRT6-9,HIVRT15-3,HIVRT16-4,HIVRT14-1-d,HIVRT18-1,HIVRT2-3-b,HIVRT10-1-b和HIVRT10-4。
本发明还提供了一种治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征的方法,包括给患有所述综合征的病人使用治疗有效量的权利要求4所述的组合物步骤。
而且,本发明提供了治疗感染了人免疫缺陷病毒的个体的方法,包括给所述个体使用治疗有效量的本发明组合物的步骤。
本发明特别考虑可以利用本发明新的免疫毒素来制备药物组合物。此时,药物组合物包含本发明新的免疫毒素和药学上认可的载体。本领域的一般技术人员无需过多实验即可方便地确定给予本发明的不同免疫毒素的合适剂量和途径。
本发明还提供了包含本发明新免疫毒素和药学上认可的载体的药物组合物。本发明的药物组合物适用于各种药物释放系统。有关目前药物释放方法的简要综述可参见Langer,《科学》(Science),249:1527-1533(1990)。制备可使用的化合物的方法是本领域技术人员已知的或是显而易见的,在Remington的《药物科学》(Pharmaceutical Science),第17版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA(1988)中有详细的说明。
在任何治疗方案中,本发明的免疫毒素可以单独使用,也可以以包含两种或两种以上免疫毒素、包括但不限于免疫抑制剂、耐受性诱导剂、增效剂和副作用缓解剂在内的其它治疗药物、组合物之类的混合物的形式使用。尤其好的是用于在宿主中抑制变态反应的免疫抑制剂。较好的免疫抑制剂包括泼尼松,泼尼松龙,DECADRON,环磷酰胺,环孢菌素,甲氨喋呤和硫唑嘌呤。较好的增效剂包括莫能星,氯化铵,哌克昔林,维拉帕米和金刚烷胺。以上药物均按本领域熟知的一般有效剂量使用。此外,如果病人确实对特定的免疫结合物有免疫反应,可以在此后使用别的免疫结合物,这种免疫结合物的单克隆抗体和毒素成分其中之一或两者可与前一种不同。
可将本发明的免疫毒素配制成注射制剂后再使用。肠胃外制剂是众所周知的,而且适用于本发明,例如肌内或静脉内剂型。含有治疗有效量的免疫毒素的制剂是无菌溶液、悬浮液或冻干制剂,而且最好包含稳定剂和赋形剂。冻干制剂用合适的稀释剂,例如注射用水、盐水、0.3%甘氨酸等溶解,给药剂量约为每公斤宿主体重0.01mg至10mg,此时的生物活性低于或等于以网织红细胞裂解物检定时测出的20ng/ml。通常,包含本发明免疫毒素的药物组合物在约每kg病人体重0.01mg至约5mg的范围内,使用数天至约2周,每天静脉输注给药。在赋形剂中的确切使用浓度由为了优化疗效而进行的适当的实验确定。
为了达到向肺局部释放,本发明的免疫毒素可以制成气雾剂来使用。这需要制备包含免疫毒素的水性气雾剂,脂质体制剂或固体颗粒。一般来说,水性气雾剂是通过将免疫毒素的水溶液或悬浮液与常规载体和稳定剂配制在一起而制成的。载体和稳定剂根据具体的免疫毒素的要求而不同,但通常包括非离子性表面活性剂、球蛋白之类的无毒蛋白、脱水山梨糖醇酯、卵磷脂、甘氨酸之类的氨基酸和缓冲剂、盐、糖或糖醇。
或者,本发明的免疫毒素可以利用如Steiner等的美国专利4,925,673中所述的类蛋白胶囊之类的释放系统口服。通常,本发明免疫毒素的口服治疗有效剂量在约每天每kg体重0.01mg至约50mg之间。较好的有效量范围约为每天每kg体重0.05mg至约5mg。
本发明的免疫毒素可以以溶液的形式使用。溶液的pH应该在pH5至pH9.5,pH6.5至7.5更好。免疫毒素或其衍生物所在的溶液必需具有合适的药学上认可的缓冲剂,例如磷酸盐缓冲液、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷HCl或柠檬酸盐缓冲液等。缓冲剂的浓度应该在1至100mM之间。免疫毒素溶液还可以含有浓度为50-150mM的某种盐,例如氯化钠。其中还可以包含有效量的稳定剂,例如白蛋白、球蛋白、明胶、鱼精蛋白或鱼精蛋白盐。
本发明还提供了治疗人体获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的方法,其中包括给病人使用治疗有效量的本发明免疫毒素,其目的在于抑制HIV病毒的复制。
以下实施例是为了说明本发明的各种实施方式,而不是以任何一种形式来限定本发明。
实施例1
毒素的制备
利用标准的公知的方法可以纯化被认为可以用作免疫毒素组成部分的各种毒素。从提取物中纯化核糖体灭活的蛋白质的方法对所有这类蛋白质都是相类似的。这些蛋白质在带电时多呈碱性,不与DEAE-纤维素之类的阴离子交换树脂结合。用于商陆抗病毒蛋白的典型方法可参见Irvin,J.D.生物化学与生物物理学报(Arch.Biochem.Biophys.)169,522-528(1975);Irvin,等,生物化学与生物物理学报(Arch.Biochem.Biophys.)200,418-425(1980);Barbieri等,生物化学杂志(Biochem.J.)203:55-59(1982);纯化gelonin的方法可参见Lambert,J.等,“免疫毒素”第177页(1988),Stirpe等,生物化学杂志(J.Biol.Chem.)255,6947-6953(1980),纯化dodecandrin的方法可参见ReadyJ.D.等,Biochim.Biophys.Acta791,314-319(1984)。为了获得可能进行的临床试验所要求的超高纯度,还设计了用于PAP的抗体亲和柱。该方法容易经修改而用于其他毒素。
实施例2
HIV逆转录酶的制备
根据Kohlstaedt和Steitz在美国科学院院报(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.)89:1259(1989)中所述的方法制备HIV逆转录酶。用于制备HIV逆转录酶的纯化方案使用了Summers和D’Aquila(1989)所述的一种逆转录酶表达克隆,是通过NIH,NIAID,AIDS室,AIDS研究和参比制剂程序获得的,制剂号pKRT2,目录号393,由Richard D’Aquila博士和William C.Summers博士提供。
实施例3
单克隆抗体的制备
以下是产生杂交瘤细胞系的典型方案。取两只雄性(RTI和RTII)及两只雌性(RTIII和RTIV)6周龄的balb/c小鼠,预先放血用作阴性对照,然后每只注射以10μg重组HIV-1逆转录酶。在SDS凝胶上检验这些蛋白质的纯度。每只小鼠用逆转录酶增强免疫3次,每次2μg。然后采取每只小鼠的血样,测得效价在60,000至80,000之间(方法见后文)。将两只雌性小鼠杀死,取出脾脏。取自经免疫的脾脏的细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合。在与骨髓瘤融合的骨髓瘤细胞不能生长的选择性培养基(1×HAT)上培养这些融合细胞。该培养基含有次黄嘌呤、氨基蝶呤和胸腺嘧啶核苷。与骨髓瘤融合的脾细胞被称为杂交瘤。用ELISA法测试各亲代杂交瘤(参见后文的间接ELISA)。对测试结果为阳性的杂交瘤进行第二次测试。如果杂交瘤第二次测试为阳性,取一部分该亲代克隆进行培养(扩增)后冷冻;另一部分进行亚克隆。仍然用ELISA测试这些第一代的亚克隆。测试结果为阳性的第一代亚克隆扩增后冷冻,一部分再次亚克隆。仍然将测试为阳性的第二代亚克隆扩增后冷冻。取自这些测试结果为阳性的第二代亚克隆的上清液含有可提取和纯化的单克隆抗体。
实施例4
利用间接ELISA测试小鼠血清的抗体效价
稀释逆转录酶抗原,使得平底96孔微量滴定板(NUNC-Immunoplate,ThomasScientific)上每孔含50ng抗原。抗原在室温下温育1小时。温育后,摊开抗原,每孔用100μl封闭缓冲液(0.1M磷酸钾,0.5%吐温20,1%牛血清白蛋白,pH7.0)在室温下封闭30分钟。滴定板洗涤三次(洗涤缓冲液-0.1M磷酸钾,0.5%吐温,pH7.0),加入经稀释的血清样品,并在4℃温育过夜。稀释范围是1∶250至1∶80,000。在第二天,全部升温至室温,洗涤滴定板,制备与过氧化物酶结合的AffiniPure Donkey抗小鼠IgG(Jackson免疫研究实验室公司)1∶1000的稀释液。将此稀释液加至每个孔中,滴定板在室温下温育30分钟。再次洗涤滴定板,每孔加入100μl底物溶液(0.7mg/ml的2,2’-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸二铵盐[ABTS])(Moss,Inc),反应20分钟。然后每孔加入100μl草酸终止反应。用ELISA读数仪(BioRad,2550型)读取414nm处的吸光度。选取相当于阳性结果的光密度(OD)读数为大于0.500,按此标度,4只小鼠都具有1∶80,000的效价。
实施例5
阳性杂交瘤的筛选
通过检测细胞上清液来检出阳性杂交瘤的筛选方法与间接ELISA的方法相同。用100μl洗涤缓冲液(0.1M磷酸钾,0.05%吐温20,1mg/ml牛血清白蛋白,pH7.0)按1∶1稀释细胞上清液。使用的抗原是纯化的逆转录酶,每孔加50ng。再次测试所有阳性的第一代亚克隆,如果它们再次表现为阳性,就进行第二次亚克隆。仍然利用ELISA法测试第二代亚克隆。如果第二代亚克隆再次表现为阳性,扩增并冷冻该第二代亚克隆以备以后用于生产单克隆抗体。
实施例6
单克隆抗体腹水的产生
利用6周龄的雌性balb/c小鼠来产生腹水。首先注射pristine来引发腹水的产生。给12只小鼠注射杂交瘤HIVRT-10-1-a。10天后,小鼠的腹膜腔内发生明显的肿胀。这表明存在软性的充满液体的肿瘤,可以使用20.5的Precision Glide针头抽取其中的腹水。在靠近大腿上部处将针头插入腹膜腔。每天变换穿刺位点以尽可能减轻不适。由每只小鼠采集的腹水量在0.2ml至3.0ml之间。将同一天采集自同一组小鼠的腹水合并。然后,腹水在经灭菌、预平衡的15ml试管中用Sorvall GSA转子在Sorvall Superspeed RC2-B离心机上以3000g离心15分钟。除去上层的脂肪层,将腹水与管底的细胞碎片沉淀分离。在软性的充满液体的肿瘤变硬,而且从腹膜腔中抽不出腹水时终止采集。此时,将小鼠杀死。然后将取自每一杂交瘤系的腹水合并。将腹水在4℃保存于灭菌试管中。
实施例7
利用G蛋白纯化单克隆抗体
将来自HIVRT-10-1-a杂交瘤系的小鼠的腹水上样在G蛋白柱上。G蛋白-琼脂糖4B购自Sigma,产品号54HO145。根据生产商的方法说明,所有的G蛋白步骤均在4℃进行。为了估计单克隆抗体组分中的蛋白质浓度,使用Bradford测定法(Bradford,M.,1976)。使用购自Bio-Rad的这种测定的微量试剂盒(no.500-0006)(Bio-Rad,1984)。利用SDS聚丙烯酰胺电泳来检测最终抗体的纯度,经检测,纯度高于95%。
实施例8
免疫毒素的合成方案
实施以下一般方法的步骤来合成免疫毒素:(1)将毒素与接头偶联(图1A);(2)将单克隆抗体与接头偶联(图1B);(3)将毒素+接头还原(图1C);和(4)将毒素与单克隆抗体连接(图1D)。图1显示了用到的典型化学反应。如果要获得满意的总合成结果,就必需高得率地实施以上每一步并纯化产物。在本例中,利用N-琥珀酰亚胺基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酸酯(SPDP)将植物毒素通过二硫键与单克隆抗体连接,以使毒素与抗体的平均比在1至2∶1之间。该技术被证明在产生均匀结合的免疫毒素方面不单具有重现性而且高效。以下将详细说明制备单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白结合物的方法。
实施例9
2-吡啶基二硫代丙酰-PAP(PDP-PAP)的制备
在以pH7.0的40mM磷酸钠缓冲的0.200ml最终体积中,通过0.16mM的PAP和0.48mM的SPDP反应来制备PDP-PAP。在37℃温育1小时后,在用pH6.0的50mM磷酸钾平衡的HPLC Protein Pak 300SW上分离混合物。用25分钟收集每份为1ml的流分。用真空离心蒸发浓缩器(Speedvac)浓缩峰流分。取部分该PDP-PAP浓缩流分进行凝胶电泳检测其纯度。
实施例10
PDP-抗体的制备
单克隆抗体与3倍摩尔过量的SPDP在40mM pH7.0的磷酸钠中于37℃温育1小时。在用50mM pH6.0的磷酸钾平衡的大小排阻HPLC柱上分离样品。用25分钟的时间收集25份每份1ml的流分。用Speedvac浓缩峰流分。取一小部分PDP-MAb样品进行SDS凝胶电泳来检测纯度。
实施例11
PDP-抗体的制备
单克隆抗体与3倍摩尔过量的SPDP在40mM pH7.0的磷酸钠中于37℃温育1小时。在用50mM pH6.0的磷酸钾平衡的大小排阻HPLC柱上分离样品。用25分钟的时间收集25份每份1ml的流分。用Speedvac浓缩峰流分。取一小部分PDP-MAb样品进行SDS凝胶电泳来检测纯度。
许多交联物质可在本发明的方法中用于将单克隆抗体与毒素化学连接。交联剂的代表性实例包括间马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS),N-琥珀酰亚胺基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酸酯(SPDP),盐酸α-亚氨基噻茂烷(α-iminothiolane hydrochloride),3-巯基丙亚胺酸甲酯(methyl 3-mercaptopropionimidate),4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC),4-琥珀酰亚胺基氧基羰基-α-甲基-α-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-甲苯(SMPT),N-琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酰)氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB)和4-(对马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMPB)。
多种毒素均可与本文中的单克隆抗体化学连接。合适的毒素的代表性实例包括商陆抗病毒蛋白,gelonin,蓖麻毒蛋白,红豆毒素,modeccin,dodecandrin,皂草素,volkensin,vicumin。
或者,本发明的免疫结合物也可以是利用本领域技术人员已知的基因工程方法制备的融合蛋白。这样的融合蛋白将包含抗体分子的抗原识别位点和毒素的细胞毒部分。
实施例12
免疫结合物的细胞毒性
利用多种细胞系在体外验证了结合物的效果,即特异性地杀死被感染细胞与非感染细胞的比值。将各种浓度的免疫毒素加入一种或多种非感染细胞及对应的慢性感染细胞培养物中,后者来自各种病毒感染性致细胞病变效应。每天利用碘化丙锭的排斥和EPICS Profile流动细胞计数仪上的光散射来监测细胞的存活和生长。
利用前文制备的商陆抗病毒蛋白和gelonin以二硫键连接的免疫结合物对不同的细胞系和/或HIV毒株进行三个独立的系列的细胞毒性实验。这些细胞毒性实验的代表性实例如下文所述。
图2和表1显示的是不同量的免疫毒素作用于细胞24小时或48小时的实验结果,该毒素为抗感染H9细胞的HIV毒株(HIV-AC-1)的抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素。温育24小时后,抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素杀死了约65%的被HIV感染的细胞,但只杀死了约15%的非感染细胞(对照)。而在温育48小时后,抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素杀死了约95%的被HIV感染的细胞,但只杀死了约20%的非感染细胞(对照)。值得注意的是免疫毒素对HIV感染细胞的高度特异性。
表 I
抗AC-1毒株的免疫毒素处理后的天数 靶细胞 培养基 死亡细胞%
1μl 10μl 100μl
1 H9 4% 3% 5% 17%
H9+ACl 4% 19% 32% 68%
2 H9 6% 4% 6% 23%
H9+ACl 6% 15% 48% 96%
图3和表II显示的是抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素作用于HIV细胞系H-9和HIV毒株PM-213经24、48或72小时的作用结果。温育72小时后,抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素实际杀死100%HIV感染的细胞但只杀死约20%的非感染细胞(对照)。
表 II
抗PM-213毒株的免疫毒素处理后的天数 靶细胞 培养基 死亡细胞%
1μl 10μl 100μl
1 H9 3% 2% 5% 2%
H9+213 6% 4% 8% 21%
2 H9 2% 1% 4% 8%
H9+213 5% 8% 24% 46%
3 H9 4% 1% 3% 19%
H9+213 7% 12% 30% 100%
用于上述研究的H-9细胞系衍生自单一的T细胞克隆,该克隆来自用HIV-1时允许高度生长而被选出的特异性HUT78细胞系。有关该细胞系的其它信息可以在国立卫生研究院AIDS参比研究制剂目录(National Institutes of Health AIDSReference Research Reagent Catalog)(一月,1995)中找到。用于制备图2和图3所示实验中使用的免疫毒素的单克隆抗体由M.G.Sarngadharan博士提供。细胞在37℃的二氧化碳培养箱中生长并保温。
用含商陆抗病毒蛋白(PAP)和含gelonin的免疫结合物进行第二组实验。这一次,使用的单克隆抗体(HIVRT 10-1-a)是在Austin的Texas大学如前文所述制备的。同样,使用的细胞系是H-9而HIV毒株是PM213,并以同样的方式进行细胞毒性的测试。图4显示的是用本发明的抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素温育一天后的细胞毒性的量效关系。随着免疫毒素浓度的增高,可以看见针对HIV感染的细胞的细胞毒性增加。同样,图5表明本发明抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-gelonin免疫毒素的细胞毒性量效关系。用包含PAP和gelonin的免疫毒素都可以观察到对HIV感染的细胞的选择性杀灭。
使用与第二组实验中相同的包含PAP和gelonin的构建物和细胞毒性测试方法进行第三组和其它系列实验。在这些实验中,在H-9细胞系中使用毒株HIV-IIIB和HIV-MN,进行3天的温育。国立卫生研究院AIDS参比研究制剂目录(NationalInstitutes of Health AIDS Reference Research Reagent Catalog)(一月,1995)中对HIV-IIIB和HIV-MN毒株进行了描述。
图6和表III显示的是抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素对H-9细胞+HIV-IIIB的作用。在剂量为1ng/ml时,商陆抗病毒蛋白的免疫毒素在3天后杀死约77%的细胞。10ng/ml的剂量杀死约90%的细胞。对非感染细胞的毒性极小。
表 III
PAP免疫毒素处理后的天数 靶细胞 培养基 死亡细胞%
1 3.4 10
1 H9 7 8 11 19
H9+HIVIIIB 9 26 30 34
H9+HIVMN 9 12 11 17
2 H9 4 5 9 7
H9+HIVIIIB 5 59 65 70
H9+HIVMN 7 25 24 39
3 H9 6 9 12 9
H9+HIVIIIB 7 77 89 92
H9+HIVMN 7 51 54 68
H9表示非感染细胞系。免疫毒素的剂量按μg/ml表示。
图7和表III显示的是用本发明的抗逆转录酶单克隆抗体-商陆抗病毒蛋白免疫毒素处理H9+MN细胞3天后的效果。在剂量为1ng/ml时,PAP免疫毒素在3天后杀死约50%的细胞。10ng/ml的剂量在本试验期间杀死约68%的细胞。对非感染细胞的毒性仍然很低。
图8和表IV显示的是温育3天后本发明的gelonin免疫毒素对H9细胞+HIV-IIIB的效果。3天后,剂量为1ng/ml的gelonin免疫毒素杀死约80%的细胞。3.4ng/ml的该免疫毒素杀死约90%的细胞。
图9和表IV显示的是本发明的gelonin免疫毒素对H9细胞+HIV-MN的效果。在剂量为1ng/ml时,gelonin免疫毒素在3天后杀死约80%的细胞。10mg/mlgelonin免疫毒素的剂量杀死约93%的细胞。
表 IV
GELONIN免疫毒素处理后的天数 靶细胞 培养基 死亡细胞%
1 3.4 10
1 H9 6 5 4 8
H9+HIVIIIB 7 30 29 46
H9+HIV MN 5 15 16 21
2 H9 6 11 8 10
H9+HIVIIIB 6 40 44 61
H9+HIV MN 5 31 30 37
3 H9 6 10 11 8
H9+HIVIIIB 7 80 91 90
H9+HIV MN 7 79 78 95
H9表示非感染细胞系。免疫毒素的剂量按μg/ml表示。
总之,以上细胞毒性实验直接证明两种不同的抗HIV逆转录酶的单克隆抗体可以与两种不同类型的植物毒素结合并选择性地杀死被数种不同的HIV毒株感染的细胞。以上结果表明可以利用多种抗HIV逆转录酶的单克隆抗体和多种毒素组成免疫结合物来选择性地灭活被HIV感染的细胞。
以上说明书中提及的全部专利和出版物均代表着本发明所涉领域技术人员的研究水平。本文对全部专利和出版物均作了相同程度的参考引用,即对每一篇文献均作了单独而专门的引证说明。
本领域技术人员很容易理解的是,本发明可加以改变而实现本文所提及的以及本发明所固有的目标并获得所述的结果和优点。以上说明的实施例以及方法、步骤、处理方法、分子和具体的化合物都代表优选实施方式,都是示范性的,并不是为了限定本发明的范围。本领域技术人员可以看出在其中可作的改动以及其它用途,这些都包括在由权利要求的范围所定义的本发明精神之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种组合物,它包含一种免疫毒素,所述的免疫毒素包含与抗HIV病毒逆转录酶的单克隆抗体化学结合的毒素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述的毒素选自商陆抗病毒蛋白,gelonin,蓖麻毒蛋白,红豆毒素,modeccin,dodecandrin,皂草素,volkensin和vicumin。
3.一种药物组合物,其中包含权利要求1所述的组合物和药学上认可的载体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述的免疫毒素利用以下交联剂化学交联,间马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS),N-琥珀酰亚胺基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-丙酸酯(SPDP),盐酸α-亚氨基噻茂烷(α-iminothiolanehydrochloride),3-巯基丙亚胺酸甲酯(methyl 3-mercaptopropionimidate),4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC),4-琥珀酰亚胺基氧基羰基-α-甲基-α-(2-吡啶基二硫代)-甲苯(SMPT),N-琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酰)氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB)和4-(对马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMPB)。
5.一种治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征的方法,包括一步给患有所述综合征的病人使用治疗有效量的权利要求3所述的组合物。
6.一种治疗被人免疫缺陷病毒感染的个体的方法,包括一步给所述个体使用治疗有效量的权利要求3所述的组合物。
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WO2003106479A2 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-24 | Parker Hughes Institute | Pokeweed antiviral protein polypeptides with antiviral activity |
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