CN1183848A - 带有光纤点光源的虚视网膜显示器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
虚视网膜显示器利用光子发生和控制来产生直接投射在眼睛的网膜上的全景高分辨率的彩色虚像。此虚视网膜显示器包括有一光子源,光子被以视频信息调制和被以直接进到用户眼睛的视网膜上的模式的光栅式扫描系统进行扫描。单一的直径很小的单丝光纤(300)将来自光子发生器(308、314)耦合到扫描系统(16)以在光纤的出孔(308)对扫描系统提供点光源。光子发生器可采用相干光或非相干光。而且光发生器还可采用彩色光发射器以便扫描直接进到用户眼睛的网膜的彩色虚像。
Description
本发明是针对虚象显示系统,具体说是针对采用光纤将来自光源的光耦合到扫描系统以便在扫描系统的输入端提供点光源的虚视网膜显示器。
利用已知的虚象显示器,用户不象通过一实象显示器那样直接观察一实际的显示屏幕。一般,虚显示器利用液晶阵列、发光二极管或微型阴极射线管CRT仅生成一很小的实际图象,此图象由光学透镜和反射镜加以投射以使得此图象显现为现实中的大的图象。
微型阴极射线管可产生中等分辩率的单色图象。但这些装置很苯重。例如,带电缆的微型CRT的一般重量大于4盎司,此CRT直径为1英寸长为4英寸。而且这些装置具有高电压加速电位,通常达7~13kV,这对于一被装置在用户头上的显示器是过高的。利用单一的微型CRT产生色彩很困难而常常造成图象分辩率与亮度之间的妥协牺性。虽然CRT图象可通过相干光纤束转发来使CRT能作为远离头部安装的光学器件的安排,但为这样作的硬件也很沉重并引起光的很大损失。采用作多路化的彩色滤波器和带白色荧光的CRT的场序贯色彩能产生良好的色度饱和但也大大降低分辩率。例如在与一正常的60Hz场相同的期间必须产生三个彩色场,由此而将各色彩的视频带宽作三分。
液器阵列可利用低运行电压产生彩色图象,但它仅能提供一临界的象素密度,即低于800×800象素。一公知的商品化装置利用一通过振动反射镜和放大镜观看的发光二极管的线性阵列。虽然这是一低成本和低功耗的方案,但显示是单色的且行分辩率被限于能被结合进此线性阵列的元件数。
此CRT和液晶显示器两者产生真实图象,它通过无限光学系统转发到眼睛。此最简单的光学系统使用户能通过一简单放大器透镜观察图象源。对于大于30°的视野,这种方法导致许多问题,包括光损失和象差。而且这些光学器件很苯重。
虚投射光学设计在图象平面光路中某处产生一空中图象,它则被通过目镜或物镜看成是一竖立虚象。这一方法增加了灵活性,藉此由图象源得到的图象对于头部安装的显示系统可作围绕用户头部的折曲,但大的视野需要大而苯重的反射和折射光学元件。
除分辩率的限制外,现有的系统还具有带宽的不足。带宽是显示系统能如何迅速地寻址、调制或改变图象源的显示元件的光发射的量度。显示图象源的带宽根据在给定时间期间必须被寻址的元件数加以计算。为更新或维持各元件考虑到视网膜感受体的光集聚动态特性和信息可能改变的速率的所感受的亮度作暂时对元件寻址是必须的。最小更新速率是眼睛的光自适应状态、显示器亮度、象素余辉即象素在其被寻址后所产生光的时间长度的函数。对于电视型显示一般需要一秒50至60次的最小刷新速率。而且,为感受动态显示中的或者在显示图象被作为头运动的结果而加以稳定处理的表示中的连续运动,需要至少30Hz的更新速率。以60Hz的速率顺序地、即一次一个象素地刷新40×106象素将需要2.4GHz的视频带宽。依靠利用眼睛对闪烁的感受上面的错觉的隔行扫描处理可以降低对带宽的需求,但仍然需要对图象源的所有元素的寻址来达到30Hz的最小更新速率,即1.2GHz的带宽。一般的电视广播品质的带宽接近于8MHz,即低于1.2GHz二个数量级。高分辩率计算机终端具有1400×1100象素,被以等于近似100MHz的带宽的70Hz非隔行扫描的速率进行寻址。
按照本发明将克服先前的虚象显示系统的缺点。本发明的虚象显示系统包括采用光纤来提供点光源,它被扫描到用户的眼视网膜上来在其上面产生全景高分辩率的彩色虚象。
更具体说,本发明的虚象显示系统包含有被以视频信息调制的光源。包含水平微扫描器和垂直微扫描器的扫描系统时被视频调制的光扫描到用户眼的视网膜上。一单根单丝光纤具有射入光源的光的输入孔,此光纤将光耦合到扫描系统以便在光纤的出口孔提供点光源。
本发明所采用的光源可以是激光,其中光纤在其出口孔提供点光源而不发生任何在由激光作光发射中可能出现的象差。此光纤还使激光和视频调制电路能作远离扫描系统的布置来最大限度减少当被安装在用户头上时扫描系统的重量。
另一方面,本发明系统所采用的光源可包含一发光二极管。公知的发光二极管均具有一光发射区,它通常太大而不能提供用于产生非常部分辩率的图象的点光源。按照本发明,光纤在其输入孔由此发光二极管按收光,并在其出口孔提供点光源。
还应指出,本发明的系统所采用的光源可包括多个彩色的光发射器,例如一红光发射器,一蓝光发射器和一绿光发射器,其中各个光发射器均可直接以各自的红、篮和绿视频信息进行调制。来自各光源的彩色光可被导引进与发射器相关连的各光纤。另外,来自各发射器的彩色光可被加以组合然后耦合到光纤的入射口以便能在光纤的出射口提供彩色的经视频调制的点光源。本发明的这些和其他目的、优点和新颖特点以及其作为说明的实施例的细节由下面的说明和附图将能更全面地了解。
所列附图的简要说明:
图1为本发明的视网膜显示器的方框图;
图2为说明图1中表明的虚视网膜显示器的一实施例的方框图;
图3为采用彩色的图1虚视网膜显示器的第二实施例;
图4为说明按照本发明的彩色虚视网膜显示器的另一实施例的方框图;
图5为采用并行光子产生和调制的本发明的虚视网膜显示器的再一实施例中所用的LED阵列图形。
图6说明激光的相控阵列,
图7说明按照本发明所采用的微光栅扫描器;
图8说明按照本发明可采用的另一微光栅扫描器;
图9为说明采用光纤的图1的虚视网膜显示器的另一实施例的光学系统的图形;
图10为具有一端直接毗连一LED的图9中说明的光纤的一部分的侧视图;和
图11为说明其有邻接一光子发生器的漏斗状端部的光纤的侧视图。
如图1中所示的本发明的虚视网膜显示器10采用能产生直接投射到用户眼睛上的全景高分辩率的彩色图象的光子生成和控制。虚视网膜显示器不利用产生实象的显示器,例如先前的虚象显示器中的CRT、LED或LED阵列。而是将以视频信息调制的光子直接扫描到用户眼睛20的视网膜22上来产生一竖立虚象的感觉。因为此虚视网膜显示器10不采用实象显示,所以此虚视网膜显示器10体积很小且轻,因而适宜于方便地安装在用户的头上作为头载式显示器。
更具体说,如图1中所示,来自光子发生器12的光子被调制器14以视频信息调制。经调制的光子被扫描器16在第一方向和一般垂直于此第一方向的第二方向上进行扫描来产生被投射光器件18直接投射到眼睛20的视网膜22上生成竖立虚象的感觉的光子光栅。虽然不是必须的,但最好采用一眼睛跟踪系统24来在眼睛20的瞳孔26运动时重新定位扫描光栅以便使光射线束与眼睛的入射光瞳相一致。此眼睛跟踪系统24也可被用作反馈在眼睛运动时改变图象或被扫描到视网膜上的图象的聚焦,以便能使用户感觉到在他移动他的眼睛时他正对准看着一全景象的不同部位。应指出,图1以及随后各图中所示进入眼睛20的点线是表示扫描的范围而不是瞬时光束。
光子发生器12可产生象激光这样的相干光,也可象采用一或数个LED那样产生非相干光。而且,可对红、绿和黄或蓝光束以RGY或RGB视频信号进行调制来将彩色的光子直接扫描在用户的眼睛上。为了降低此虚视网膜显示器的带宽,可对多个单色光或多组彩色光束作并行调制和扫描到视网膜上,在此,用于调制光子的视频信息被分成为不同的区段或范围,而各个光束或各组彩色光束与一视频信息的不同区段相关连,如下述。还应指出,由一或多个光子发生器12、调制器14、扫描器16和投射光器件18所执行的功能可按照系统中所用的实际部件被加以组合来由较少的部件进行。一声光导向器可被用来调制来自光子发生器12的光同时在至少一个方向上扫描被调制的光。而且一激光相控阵列孔可被用来进行光子发生器、调制器和一个也可能两个扫描器的功能,如下面讨论的。
此虚视网膜显示器10的组成部件可被做得很小、紧凑和很轻以便此虚视网膜显示器10能容易地安装在用户的头上而无需一头盔或一用作结构支撑的精致的头部固定件。而且,光子发生器12和调制器14可与扫描器16和投射光器件18分离以使得仅需将扫描器16和光学器件18安装在用户的头上,经调制的光子耦合到扫描器可通过单丝光纤束或者单根的单丝光纤,如下面详细说明的。在一优选实施例中,采用微光栅扫描器扫描光子,这种微光栅扫描器很小很薄并响应电气驱动或偏转信号作偏转来扫描光子。适用类型的微光栅扫描器说明如下:它在被转让给本发明的受让人的并这里作为参考的美国专利申请08/329508号(1994年10月26日递交)中有描述。为此可将光子发射器、调制器和扫描器作成很小,例如1.5英寸高×1.5英寸宽×0.25英寸厚或者具有小于1盎司的重量,以便于此虚视网膜显示器10的头部安装。
按照图2中所示的本发明一实施例,利用高分辩率扫描器来在一二维的光栅模式中水平和垂直两方向上偏转光束。在眼睛前方不利用任一透镜来聚焦光束形成实象。而是眼睛晶状体29将光束聚焦到视网膜背上一点,在扫描器16扫描经过调制的光子时此光束点的位置扫描视网膜。经过准直的光束的偏转角对应于任一给定的眼睛位置时视网膜上的聚焦点的位置,好似一图象在离开观察者无限远处被扫描那样。光的强度以视频信号调制以便产生所希望对比度的图象。因此,用户的眼睛运动时,在用户注视景象的不同部分期间他将感觉到一静止的图象。图象的宽度方向的展开比例于扫描角度。在需要对利用合成光器件来对准扫描光子和对所感受的图象加以定标。以形成扫描器孔径的缩小的图象来生成成比例增大的扫描角。除此之外,扫描器图象的大小在光进入眼睛时是无关紧要的。
较具体说,如图2中所示,来自光子发生器12的光线即光子通过柱面透镜30和球面透镜32被投射到一声光导向器34,它在第一、即水平方向扫描光子。柱面透镜将来自光子发生器12的光束作水平扩散开以使其充满声光导向器34的孔径。球面透镜32水平地汇聚照射到声光导向器34上的光线。
声光导向器34响应线36上被用作为对声光导向器34的转换器的驱动信号的视频信号调制来自光子发生器12的光子即光线并在第一方向即水平地扫描来自光子发生器12的受调光。线路36上的视频信号由包括一视频控制器42总体以38标明的视频驱动系统提供。视频控制器42可包括提供线路56上的视频信号和各自的水平同步和垂直同步信号的视频发生器例如帧缓存器40。视频控制器42还可包括一按照存放在ROM46等中的软件运行的和利用RAM48作为便签存贮器的微处理器。来自视频发生器40的水平同步信号由一斜坡发生器50变换成斜波形式;此水平同步斜坡波形被加到一压控振荡器52,它响应此斜波输放提供一具有频率作线性调频脉冲式变化的信号。压控振荡器52的输出被加给一其增益随由视频发生器40输出的视频数据信号56改变的放入大器54,以使得由放大器54输出的视频信号36具有按线路56上的视频信号改变的幅值和具有以线性调频脉冲方式改变的频率。线路36上的视频信号被加到声光导向器34的驱动变换器。以此视频信息改变线路36上驱动信号的振幅促使声光导向器34以视频信号调制来自光子发生器12的光的强度。以线性调频脉冲方式改变线路36上的驱动信号的频率促使声光导向器改变光线偏转的角度,由此使得能以第一、即水平方向扫描光线。
一对球面透镜64和68将作水平扫描的光线、即光子在一垂直扫描器62上成象,此时一柱面透镜68垂直地展开光线来充满此垂直扫描器62的孔径。此垂直扫描器62例如可以是一检流计。由视频发生器58输出的垂直同步信号被斜坡发生器58变换成斜坡波形并经放大器60放大来驱动垂直扫描器62。垂直扫描器62的扫描速度低于水平扫描器34的扫描以使得垂直扫描器62的输出成为光子光栅。这一光子光栅由采取环形或球形光元件72如折射透镜、反射镜、全息部件等的投射光器件直接投射到用户的眼睛20上。
环形或球形光元件72提供被扫描光子的最后的成象和缩小,较具体说,此环形或球形光元件转发经扫描的光子以使它们汇总在眼睛20的入射瞳26的附近。因为形成了扫描器孔径的缩小的图象,此偏转角被按照拉格朗日不变量倍乘,此视野和图象大小成比例。因为被扫描光子的大小,亦即虚视网膜显示器的出射孔径被缩小了,所以由眼睛感觉到的图象的视野增大。
光元件72可以是不会发射来自显示系统之外的光的封闭式元件。另外,光元件72可作成能透光的以使得用户能通过元件72观察周围现实情况,此时用户感觉到由显示器10产生的被扫描的虚像是被重叠在此现实情况上。而且,此光元件72还可被作成可改变地透射的以维持外部现实状况与被显示的虚象之间的对比度。一无源可变透光元件72可采用在其中夹一光敏感的材料的层的形式以按周围光线来改变元件的透光性。一有源不变透光元件72可包括液晶材料。这种元件可采用光敏元件来检测周围的光量,此时加到液晶材料的偏置电压随所检测得的光线改变来主动地改变元件72的透光性。
到目前涉及图2所描述的系统是单筒的。为得到一立体系统,可与第一视网膜显示器10并行地利用一第二虚视网膜显示器10',此第二虚视网膜显示器10'将以适当的视频信息调制的被扫描光子直接投射到用户的第二只眼20'上。这提供用于双简深度信息的手段以使所显示的物体显现在不同深度。但是,此物体的各个象素显现为距用户相同距离,这可能在立体提示器与单筒提示器之间产生矛盾,这里立体提示器处理物体相对于每一只眼的定位而单筒提示器处理在视网膜上成象的物体的光的聚焦。较具体说,在先前的虚象显示系统中,各单筒图象平面一般都聚焦于使得虚象中的每象素出现在一个距离上的光学无穷。但是,两个先前的单筒系统为形成双筒视象的组合产生距离提示器与聚焦或适应提示器之间有可能的冲突。
本发明的虚视网膜显示器由利用单筒显示系统10中的或者由显示器10和10'构成的双筒显示系统中的适应提示器70来克服这些问题。此适应提示器70为聚焦或适应提示器,它被控制来迅速改变经扫描光子的聚焦或收敛或发散以控制对虚象的各个象素的感受深度。因此按照本发明,通过分别对各象素作深度调制,例如以控制各单个象素的聚焦即收敛或发散来获得真实深度的感觉。此适应提示器70包括迅速改变形状的反射表面。例如可利用一带有其形状在薄膜被充电或放电时改变的可变形薄膜的微型反射镜来构成此适应提示器。这样以电驱动信号改变薄膜的变形来控制各象素作深度上的收敛或发散。由视频控制器42来实现适应提示器70的驱动,该控制器可以例如除在通常的帧缓存器中的二维视频信息外再在存贮器48或在视频发生器40中存放一Z轴视频信息缓存。
图3中表明本发明的虚视网膜显示器10的又一实施例,用于直接扫描彩色光子到用户眼睛的视网膜上。如图3中所示,光子发生器12包括彩色激光或LED,例如红光子发生器80,绿光子发生器82和蓝光子发生器84。如无可采用的蓝光子发生器,可以采用黄光子发生器。来自发生器80、82和84的彩色光子以来自视频发生器40的各自的RGB视频信息进行调制,然后被一光束组合器/分散预补偿器86加以组合。光束组合器/分散预补偿器86的输出被柱面透镜30和球面透镜32投射到水平扫描器34上。应指出,水平扫描器也可以不是图2中所示的声光扫描器。例如谐振机械扫描器或下面讨论的各种类型的微光栅扫描器均可被用作为水平扫描器。由扫描器34输出的作水平扫描的彩色调制光子被投射到一分散补偿器88上,此补偿器58的输出在被一对球面透镜64和68投射到垂直扫描器62之前被投射到一棱镜上。
由垂直扫描器62输出的经扫描的彩色光子光栅端球面透镜92投射到一补偿反射镜96上,它随眼睛跟踪器106运动以便能在瞳孔运动时将光子光栅直接定位到眼睛20的入射瞳26上。在一实施例中,一光束分离器100将由眼20的角膜反射出的图象导向到透镜102和一位置检测二极管104,后者被耦合到眼跟踪器106以检测瞳孔26的位置。按照所检测的瞳孔的位置,眼跟踪器正碓地定位补偿反射镜96以便使此虚视网膜显示器的输出孔、或口接近地与眼的入射瞳对准,或者如下述的调整扫描角以反映改变了视频信息。
瞳孔26的瞬间位置在由眼跟踪器106确定后也被传送到视频控制器42以使得微处理器44能导引视频信息调制彩色光,在此视频信息反映出用户观察方向的变化。更具体说,检测得的瞳孔位置被微处理器44用来对存贮在帧缓存器40中的视频信息定位一“可视窗”。此帧缓存器40可以存放例如表示一全景视图的视频信息,而此可视窗的位置则确定此视图的哪一部分是用户要感觉到的,处于此可视窗中的视频信息被用来调制来自光子发生器12的光。
应指出,因为声光导向器34衍射红光多于绿光而衍射绿光多于蓝光,衍射中的这种离散必须加以补偿。按照本发明这种离散可由延时器108、110和112对RGB视频信号加以适当的延时来行进补偿,这些RGB视频信号是被耦合到各自的红、绿和蓝光子发生器80、82和84以适当的红、绿和蓝视频信息调制红、绿和蓝光子的。
在图4中所示的本发明的虚视网膜显示器的另一实施例中,复合视频、即RGB视频信号由一数字视频扫描变换器120接收并被分隔成多个表示欲被扫描的图象的区段或区间的部分。由视频放大器124输出的表示各区段的多重视频驱动信号被用来并行调制来自光子发生器12的光。光子发生器可由激光二极管阵列或者高亮度发光二极管阵列组成。多重红、绿和黄或蓝光束以视频信并行对各区段或区域进行调制然后被直接转发或者由单丝光纤131送到微光栅扫描器16。此微光栅扫描器16主要执行二个功能。第一,微光栅扫描器在二个轴方向扫描与各区段或区域相关的多重彩色光束进行扫描以在视网膜上产生光线的光栅而不是一空中图象,在光子发生器12与眼睛20之间不存在有图象平面。第二,微光栅扫描器16的功用是如眼跟踪器24所检测的相对于眼睛的瞬时入射瞳定位被扫描的光。
较具体说,扫描器16包括一第一微光栅扫描器132,它响应由一偏转放大器136输出的X轴偏转信号在在水平方向扫描此彩色光束,这里放大器136由来自扫描发生器122来的水平同步信号驱动。第二微光栅扫描器134响应来自被扫描发生器122的垂直同步或偏转抠动信号驱动的偏转放大器136的Y偏转信号在垂直方向扫描该经水平扫描的彩色光子。扫描准直透镜140接收被投射到一三色组合器142上的经二维调制的光线场。接着组合器142将此经扫描的光投射到麦克斯韦检测光系统148。此光系统148将经扫描的彩色光子投射到一光栅位置偏转器,此偏转器可包括二个轴电流计反射镜,后者再将被扫描光投射到一环形光元件例如一具有三色涂敷的组合器152,此环形组合器152将被扫描的彩色光子直接投射的眼睛20。
为作眼跟踪,眼跟踪器24包括一红外光源,它以低强度红外光如所示的直接或间接地照射到眼睛的表面。眼的表面被通过光栅位置偏转器150经由组合器142、透镜140和一电荷耦合器CCD阵列146观测。由CCD传感器146得到的信号被瞳孔位置处理器154处理以产生零信号ΔH和ΔV,它们被耦合到各自的彩色偏转放大器158和光栅定位反射镜150以便能使被扫描的光子跟随用户眼睛20的瞳孔。
适用于本发明的发光二极管阵列的一例如图5中所示。如果认为一X-Y视野是由一2000×2000可分辩点或象素阵列所构成的,这些点就必须每秒钟被刷新50次而使得有接近200MHz的信息带宽。高亮度LED一般具有在2MHz以上开始运行的功率带宽曲线。这一结果主要是有关深度正向偏置的p-n结的杂散电容的R-C积的限制。为满足此系统的带宽要求,采用一每一色彩50至100LED象素的线性阵列。利用红、绿和蓝LED方案将需要这三色中每一个有50~100个LED。如图5中所示,阵列200包括LED片201、202、203-N,其中各LED片包含一LED作用区205。该LED作用区可包括一GaAsP合金和一Si3N4绝缘涂层。
图6中表明的激光相阵列的功能是进行光子产生、视频调制和至少在一方向中的扫描。此激光相控阵列包括薄膜波导210,相位调制器电极212,净化的耦合腔214和激光腔216;此阵列发射约10mw功率的相干光束。当将二接近地隔开的激光器加工在此同一材料基片上时,它们的光场相耦合而使得此二装置中的光发射过程相互关连而成为相干的。其结果是此二激光发射的一明确的波前面。在具有许多激光腔216的激光相控阵列220中,如果激光器互相相距在10微米之内光束就是相位相干的。这种分辩率可由光刻技术达到。电光调制器通过改变波导媒体210的折射系数工作,光束必须在射进自由空间之前通过此媒体传送。借助将用于各调制器的电触点212分离,阵列中各激光的相关相位就能被调制器改变。对于一系列适宜的调制电压,激光阵列耦合的光束的波前面可被改变来使得被发射的光束以一与正常的出射方向呈一个角度射出。采用适当系列的调制电压,可对激光束在给定方向上进行扫描。有可能构成一二轴激光相控阵列来使得无需一辅助扫描器在垂直方向对激光扫描。
图7说明用于扫描光子的微光栅扫描器132、134的举例。此微光栅扫描器包含一执行部件230。此执行部件230是一能响应一电驱动信号作三维运动的压电双晶悬臂梁。以适当的驱动信号控制此悬臂执行部件的偏转,执行部件230偏转入射到其上的光子来扫描光子。
能被做得极小的微光栅扫描器的另一例如图8中所示,此微光栅扫描器具有弯曲的反射表面,自动移动来在一个方向上扫描射到其面上的光线。较具体说,此微光栅发描器240包括一基面,即由压电材料构成的执行部件242带有一形成在此执行部件242上的基片244,其中此基片244具有一被弯曲的反射表面246。响应一改变的驱动信号,此压电执得部件和基片244在箭头248的方向上自动移动以使得在一通常垂直于移动的方向248的第一方向上的扫描射到基片的表面246上的光线。第二微光栅扫描器250在垂直于第一方向的第二方向中扫描射到它上面的光线,以使得将光栅图象直接扫描到用户眼睛的视网膜上。
图9表明本发明的又一个实施例,一单模单丝光纤300或单根多股光纤被用来将来自光源例如光子发生器12的光耦合到扫描系统16。单丝光纤300包含一导引进光纤300的单个线芯304的入射口302,此线芯304沿光纤长度伸展到一出射口306。此单丝光纤300的出射孔径可以极小。例如,此出射孔径可以是10微米或更小,最好为3.5微米的量级以便能提供用于输入到扫描系统16的点光源。
光子发生器12,如上述,可产生相干光如激光。在图9说明的系统的激光实施例中,光纤300使得激光源以及视频源和系统的视频调制部分均能被安置在远离扫描系统16的地方。当激光源是激光二极管或其他产生象散光的激光发生器时光纤300还有另外的优点。较具体说,激光二极管一般产生象散光,这在当被扫描到用户眼睛网膜上时将不如所希望产生一圆的象素而是一扭变的象素如椭圆象素。当被用于这样的激光源时光纤300将会在光纤300的出射口处将象散的激光光变换成一圆点,从而能在光被扫描到视网膜上时得到圆的象素。
图9中所示的光子发生器12也可包括发光二极管(LED)。LED不产生相干光。而且LED的光发射区对一些显示系统的应用所需的非常高分辩率图象的产生一般都太大。虽然利用透镜之类的光器件能缩小LED光源的视在大小,但这种光器件的应用会导致强度上的损失,而且使光路长度增加而使显示系统的整体体积增大。不过在LED光耦合到一单模单丝光纤300,此光纤300的出射口将形成足够用于非常高分辩率图象生成的很小的点光源。应指出通常的LED可能具有500微米量级的光发射区308。按照本发明,光纤300使得非常大的LED光发射区能被减小到低于10微米,而对具有该数量级的线芯304的直径的光纤300最好能在3.5微米的数量级。
如图9所示透镜310这样的透镜可被用来将来自激光、LED或其他类型光子发生器12的光聚焦进光纤300的入射口302中。另一方面,如图10中所示,含有入射口302的光纤的端部312可以直接毗连到被表示为LED314的光子发生器12。由图1 0可看到,光纤的入射口302的直径、即面积远小于LED314的光发射区308。图11说明为将来自光子发生器12的光耦合到光纤300的另一实施方案。在此实施例中,光纤300被构成为带有一漏斗状的端部316,导引进带有入射口302的光纤300的很小的恒定直径的线芯304的入射口302中。光纤的漏斗部分316的入射口318具有大于光纤300的恒定直径线芯部分320的入射孔302的直径的直径,图11中所示的光纤的漏斗部分316可直接毗连光子源12,或者换句话说,它可被置于与其紧密地靠近。
发自在光纤300的出口射口306处形成的点光源通过透镜330被耦合到扫描系统弘16的水平微光栅扫描器332。入射到水平微光栅扫描器332的光被导引到垂直微光栅扫描器334并通过透镜336被扫描到用户眼睛的视网膜上。光纤300的出射口306与透镜330之间的距离可被调整到使透镜330输出的光会聚来在扫描系统16的输出与用户眼睛之间形成一图象平面340。透镜336是将光导引到用户的视网膜上的准直透镜。为调整图9中说明的虚视网膜显示系统的视野,可将透镜330和透镜336移动到较接近或分开远些。因为本发明的系统非常紧凑仅含有最小限度的光学元件,透镜330和336可采取组合在一齐的方式使得透镜能一齐运动或者相靠近或者相分离,从而用户无需对它们作分开的调整。这可由对透镜330和336采用可变焦透镜安装结构等来实现。
还应指出,输入到光纤300的入射口302的光源可包括红光发射器,蓝光发射器和绿光发射器来提供完全的彩色系统。最好这些光发射器的每一个均能以视频信号直接调制。但是,采用彩色光发射器也可利用分开的视频调制器来以红色视频信息调制红光,以蓝色视频信息调制蓝光和以绿色视频信息调制绿光。来自每一个彩色发射器的光可被导引进与该光发射器的相关连的光纤中,每一光纤均被耦合到一单根的光纤300以便以其出射口306提供彩色的经视频调制的点光源。另一方面,来自每一发射器的彩色光可如上述在被输入到光纤300的入射口302之前加以组合。
按照上面的介绍可以对本明做出许多修改和变型。因此应当理解,在所列的权利要求范围之内,可对本发明做出与上述不同的实践。
Claims (32)
1.一种虚象显示系统,包括:
光源,所述光被以视频信息调制;
扫描系统,用于将所述光扫描到用户的眠睛的视网膜上;和
单根的单丝光纤,具有一入射口和出射口,所述光纤将来自所述光源的光耦合到所述扫描系统以便在所述光纤的出射口提供点光源。
2.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源包括激光器。
3.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源包括发光二极管。
4.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源具有光发射区;且所述光纤的出射口具有尺寸小于光源的所述光发射区的面积。
5.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源包括红光发射器,蓝光发射器和绿光发射器;和一用于组合来自各所述红、蓝和绿光发射器的光的光组合系统。
6.权利要求5中的虚象显示系统,其特征是由所述组合系统输出的光被耦合到所述光纤的入射口。
7.权利要求5中的虚象显示系统,其特征是至少一个所述光发射器被以所述视频信息直接调制。
8.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源是一相干光源。
9.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源是一非相干光源。
10.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述光源与所述光纤的所述入射口之间的透镜,用于将来自所述光源的光聚焦到所述入射口。
11.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光纤的入射口直接毗连所述光源。
12.权利要求1中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述光纤的出射口与所述扫描系统之间的透镜,用于将来自所述出射口的光耦合到所述扫描系统。
13.权利要求12中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述透镜会聚光以便在所述扫描系统的输出与用户眼睛之间形成图象平面。
14.权利要求12中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述扫描系统的输出与用户的眼睛之间的单个透镜。
15.权利要求5中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有耦合到至少一个所述光发射器的输出用于以视频信息调制所述光的装置。
16.一种虚象显示系统,包括:
非相干光源,所述光源具有光发射区且所述光被以视频信息调制;
扫描系统,用于将所述非相干光扫描到用户眼睛的视网膜上;和
单根的单丝光纤,具有入射口和出射口,所述光纤将来自所述光源的光耦合到所述扫描系统,且所述出射口小于所述光源的光发射区。
17.权利要求16中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源包括发光二极管。
18.权利要求17中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述发光二极管被直接以所述视频信息调制。
19.权利要求16中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光源包括红光发射器,蓝光发射器和绿光发射器;和用于组合来自各所述红、蓝和绿光反射器的光的光组合系统。
20.权利要求19中的虚象显示系统,其特征是由所述组合系统输出的光被耦合到所述光纤的入射口。
21.权利要求16中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述光源与所述光纤的所述入射口之间透镜,用于将来自所述光源的光聚焦到所述入射口。
22.权利要求16中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述光纤的入射口直接毗连所述光源。
23.权利要求16中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述光纤的出射口与所述扫描系统之间的透镜,将来自所述出射口的光耦合到所述扫描系统。
24.权利要求23中的虚象显示系统,其特征是所述透镜会聚光以在所述扫描系统的输出与用户眼睛之间形成一图象平面。
25.权利要求23中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有被置于所述扫描系统与用户眼睛之间的单个透镜。
26.权利要求19中的虚象显示系统,其特征是包括有与各所述红、蓝和绿光发射器相关连的单个光纤部分。
27.一种产生虚象的方法,包括:
以视频信息调制由光源发射的光;
相对所述光源定位单根的单丝光纤的入射口以便将来自所述光源的光耦合到所述光纤的出射口;
定位邻接到所述光纤的所述出射口的透镜来由其接收光;和
将来自所述透镜的光扫描到用户的眼睛的视网膜上以便在视网膜上形成所述视频信息的图象。
28.权利要求27中的方法,其特征是所述透镜定位的步骤是将所述透镜定位于离开光纤的所述出射口一定距离,以使所述透镜将光会聚在所述光被扫描在其上的一图象平面上,所述图象平面在用户眼睛之外。
29.权利要求27中的方法,其特征是所述光由激光器发射。
30.权利要求27中的方法,其特征是所述光由发光二极管发射。
31.权利要求30中的方法,其特征是光纤的所述入射口毗连所述发光二极管。
32.权利要求27中的方法,其特征是所述调制步骤包括发射红光,以红色视频信号调制所述红光;发射蓝光,以蓝色视频信号调制所述蓝光;发射绿光,以绿色视频信号调制所述绿光;组合所述被调制的红光、蓝光和绿光以构成所述光源发射的光;且所述光纤定位步骤包括定位所述光纤的入射口以接收所述组合的红、蓝和绿光。
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- 1996-04-19 EP EP96912908A patent/EP0826207B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-19 CN CN96193824A patent/CN1183848A/zh active Pending
- 1996-04-19 KR KR1019970707983A patent/KR100586348B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-19 WO PCT/US1996/005431 patent/WO1996036036A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-19 DE DE69636515T patent/DE69636515T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-19 JP JP8534083A patent/JPH11505627A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-19 AU AU55570/96A patent/AU5557096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-19 AT AT96912908T patent/ATE338998T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN101414425A (zh) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-04-22 | 宋学锋 | 显示装置及其显示方法 |
CN101414425B (zh) * | 2007-10-16 | 2013-07-17 | 宋学锋 | 显示装置及其显示方法 |
US8628196B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2014-01-14 | Ocean Of Peace Scientific Beijing Ltd. | Display device and display method |
TWI490545B (zh) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-01 | Nat Univ Chung Hsing | Pupil imaging method and device thereof |
CN112203067A (zh) * | 2014-03-03 | 2021-01-08 | 埃韦视觉有限公司 | 眼睛投影系统和眼睛投影方法 |
CN108351515A (zh) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-07-31 | 埃韦视觉有限公司 | 眼睛投影系统和方法 |
CN108803006A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-11-13 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | 光纤扫描成像系统、设备及其畸变检测与矫正系统 |
CN112470059A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2021-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | 视网膜显示装置和方法 |
US12066624B2 (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2024-08-20 | Eyeway Vision Ltd. | Eye tracking device and method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE338998T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
AU5557096A (en) | 1996-11-29 |
CA2220283C (en) | 2006-11-28 |
EP0826207B1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
WO1996036036A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
EP0826207A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
DE69636515D1 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
EP0826207A4 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
JP2007219562A (ja) | 2007-08-30 |
US5596339A (en) | 1997-01-21 |
KR100586348B1 (ko) | 2006-07-25 |
KR19990008453A (ko) | 1999-01-25 |
DE69636515T2 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
JPH11505627A (ja) | 1999-05-21 |
CA2220283A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
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