CN1183848A - Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source - Google Patents

Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1183848A
CN1183848A CN96193824A CN96193824A CN1183848A CN 1183848 A CN1183848 A CN 1183848A CN 96193824 A CN96193824 A CN 96193824A CN 96193824 A CN96193824 A CN 96193824A CN 1183848 A CN1183848 A CN 1183848A
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light
virtual image
image display
optical fiber
display system
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托马斯·A·弗内斯三世
查尔斯·D·梅尔维尔
迈克尔·蒂德韦尔
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University of Washington
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University of Washington
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0198—System for aligning or maintaining alignment of an image in a predetermined direction

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A virtual retinal display utilizes photon generation and manipulation to create a panoramic, high resolution, color virtual image that is projected directly onto the retina of the eye. The virtual retinal display includes a source of photons, the photons being modulated with video information and scanned by a scanning system in a raster type of pattern directly onto the retina of the user's eye. A single, monofilament optical fiber (300) of very small diameter couples light from the photon generator (308, 314) to the scanning system (16) so as to provide to the scanning system a point source of light at the fiber's exit aperture (308). The photon generator may utilize coherent or non-coherent light. Further, the photon generator may utilize color light emitters so as to scan a colored virtual image directly onto the retina of the user's eye.

Description

The virtual retinal display that has fiber optic point source
The present invention be directed to Virtual Image Display System, is to couple light to scanning system so that the virtual retinal display of pointolite is provided at the input end of scanning system at what adopt that optical fiber will be from light source specifically.
Utilize known virtual image display, the user does not resemble the display screen of Direct observation one reality by a real image display.Generally, empty display utilizes liquid crystal array, light emitting diode or miniature cathode-ray tube CRT only to generate a very little actual image, and this image is throwed by optical lens and catoptron so that this image is revealed as the big image in the reality.
Miniature cathode-ray tube (CRT) can produce the monochrome image of medium resolution.Very benzene is heavy but these install.For example, the general weight of the miniature CRT of tape cable is greater than 4 ounces, and it is 4 inches that this CRT diameter is 1 inch long.And these devices have the high voltage accelerating potential, reach 7～13kV usually, and this is being too high by device with the display on the account for one.It is very difficult and usually cause the sacrificial property of compromise between visual resolution and the brightness to utilize single miniature CRT to produce color.Though can transmitting by coherent fibre bundle, the CRT image make the CRT can be as the arrangement of the optical device of installing away from head, also very heavy and cause the very big loss of light for the hardware of doing like this.It is saturated but also reduce resolution greatly that the sequential color in field that the CRT of the chromatic filter of demultiplexing and band white fluorescent is made in employing can produce good colourity.For example during identical, must produce three color fields, therefrom the video bandwidth of each color be done three fens with a normal 60Hz field.
Liquid device array can utilize low working voltage to produce color image, but it only can provide a critical PEL (picture element) density, promptly is lower than 800 * 800 pixels.One known commercial means is utilized the linear array of a light emitting diode of watching by oscillating mirror and magnifier.Though this is the scheme of a low cost and low-power consumption, demonstration is that resolution monochrome and capable is limited to the parts number that can be incorporated into this linear array.
This CRT and LCD produce realistic images, and it is forwarded to eyes by unlimited optical system.This simplest optical system makes the user can pass through a simple amplifier lens view image source.For greater than 30 ° the visual field, this method causes many problems, comprises light loss and aberration.And these optical device very benzene is heavy.
Empty projection optics design somewhere in the image plane light path produces an aerial imagery, and it is then regarded as one and erects virtual image by eyepiece or object lens.This method has increased dirigibility, and the image that is obtained by the eikongen display system of installing for head can be made the warpage around user's head by this, but the big visual field needs big and reflection and refraction optical element that benzene is heavy.
Except that the restriction of resolution, existing systems also has the deficiency of bandwidth.Bandwidth is that how promptly display system measure by addressing, modulation or the photoemissive of display element that change eikongen.The bandwidth in displayed image source is calculated according to the parts number that must be addressed during preset time.Do for upgrading or keep the brightness of being experienced that each element considers that the light of retina receptor gathers the speed that dynamic perfromance and information may change that temporary transient addressing is necessary to element.Light self-adaptation state, display brightness, the pixel twilight sunset that minimum renewal rate is eyes is the function of pixel in the time span of its back light that produces that is addressed.Showing for the TV type generally need one second minimum refresh rate of 50 to 60 times.And, for experience in the dynamic demonstration or be used as the in addition continuous motion in the expression of stabilized treatment of cephalomotor result in displayed image, need the renewal rate of 30Hz at least.With the speed of 60Hz sequentially, promptly next pixel ground refreshes 40 * 10 6Pixel will need the video bandwidth of 2.4GHz.Dependence utilizes eyes that the demand can reduce bandwidth is handled in the staggered scanning of the illusion above the impression of flicker, but still need reach the minimum renewal rate of 30Hz, the i.e. bandwidth of 1.2GHz to the addressing of all elements of eikongen.The bandwidth of general television broadcasting quality approaches 8MHz, promptly is lower than two orders of magnitude of 1.2GHz.The high resolution terminal has 1400 * 1100 pixels, is carried out addressing by the speed with the 70Hz non-interlace of the bandwidth that equals approximate 100MHz.
To overcome the shortcoming of previous Virtual Image Display System according to the present invention.Virtual Image Display System of the present invention comprises and adopts optical fiber that pointolite is provided, and it is scanned the colored virtual image that produces the panorama high resolution on user's the eyes retina in the above.
Say that more specifically Virtual Image Display System of the present invention includes by the light source with the video information modulation.When comprising the scanning system of horizontal micro scanner and vertical micro scanner by the photoscanning of video modulation to the retina of user's eye.One single monofilament optical fiber has the input hole of the light of injecting light source, and this optical fiber will couple light to scanning system so that provide pointolite at the outlet opening of optical fiber.
Light source of the present invention can be a laser, and wherein optical fiber provides pointolite and any aberration that may occur in the light emission done by laser does not take place at its outlet opening.The weight of scanning system when this optical fiber also makes laser and video modulation circuit can make layout away from scanning system to reduce to greatest extent on being installed in account.
On the other hand, the light source that system of the present invention adopted can comprise a light emitting diode.Known light emitting diode all has a smooth launch site, and it can not be provided for producing the pointolite that extraordinary component is debated the image of rate usually too greatly.According to the present invention, optical fiber its input hole thus light emitting diode and provide pointolite by receiving light at its outlet opening.
Be also pointed out that, the light source that system of the present invention adopted can comprise the optical transmitting set of a plurality of colours, a red emission device for example, a blue emission device and a green emitter, wherein each optical transmitting set all can be directly modulated with separately red, basket and green video information.Can be guided into each optical fiber with the transmitter associated from the colorama of each light source.In addition, can be carried out combination from the colorama of each transmitter and be coupled to the entrance port of optical fiber then so that the colored pointolite through video modulation can be provided at the exit portal of optical fiber.These and other purposes of the present invention, advantage and features of novelty with and the details of as an illustration embodiment can more fully understand by following explanation and accompanying drawing.
Listed brief description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of retinal display of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block scheme of an embodiment of the virtual retinal display that shows in the key diagram 1;
Fig. 3 is for adopting second embodiment of colored Fig. 1 virtual retinal display;
Fig. 4 is the block scheme of explanation according to another embodiment of colored virtual retinal display of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is used led array figure among the embodiment again who adopts the virtual retinal display of the present invention that walks abreast the photon generation and modulate.
Fig. 6 illustrates the phased array of laser,
Fig. 7 explanation is according to low-light grid scanner of the present invention;
Fig. 8 explanation is according to adoptable another low-light grid scanner of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the figure of the optical system of another embodiment of the virtual retinal display of Fig. 1 of explanation employing optical fiber;
Figure 10 has the side view of a part that an end directly adjoins the optical fiber illustrated in fig. 9 of a LED; With
It has in abutting connection with the side view of the optical fiber of the runnel shaped end of a photon generator Figure 11 for explanation.
Virtual retinal display of the present invention 10 as shown in fig. 1 adopts the photon of the color image that can produce the panorama high resolution that directly projects on the eyes of user to generate and control.Virtual retinal display does not utilize the display that produces real image, CRT, LED or led array in for example previous virtual image display.Produce a sensation of erectting virtual image on the retina 22 of eyes of user 20 but will directly scan with the photon of video information modulation.Because this virtual retinal display 10 does not adopt real image to show,, thereby be suitable for being installed in easily user's head upward as the head-mounted display so these virtual retinal display 10 volumes are very little and light.
More specifically say, as shown in fig. 1, modulate with video information from the modulated device 14 of the photon of photon generator 12.Modulated photon is scanned device 16 and produces the photonic gratings that generates the sensation of erectting virtual image on the retina 22 that is directly projected eyes 20 by projection light device 18 in first direction and the enterprising line scanning of second direction that is generally perpendicular to this first direction.Though not necessarily, preferably adopt an eyes tracker 24 when pupil 26 motions of eyes 20, to reorientate raster so that make pencil of light rays consistent with the entrance pupil of eyes.This eye tracking system 24 also can be used as feedback and change image or be scanned the focusing of the image on the retina when eye motion, so that can make the user feel that when he moves his eyes his positive alignment seeing the different parts of a panorama elephant.Should point out that Fig. 1 and the dotted line that enters eyes 20 subsequently shown in each figure are the scope rather than the instantaneous light beam of expression scanning.
Photon generator 12 can produce the coherent light resemble laser, also can resemble adopt one or several LED produce incoherent light.And, can directly scan on user's eyes photon red, green and yellow or that blue beam is modulated colour with RGY or rgb video signal.In order to reduce the bandwidth of this virtual retinal display, can or organize column of colour more and do parallel modulation and scan on the retina a plurality of monochromatic light, at this, the video information that is used to modulate photon is split up into different sections or scope, and each light beam or respectively organize the different section associated of column of colour and a video information, as following.Be also pointed out that can be carried out the less parts of combination cause according to physical unit used in the system by one or more photon generator 12, modulator 14, scanner 16 and projection light device 18 performed functions carries out.The light that one acousto-optic guides can be used to modulate from photon generator 12 scans modulated light simultaneously at least one direction.And one the laser phased array hole can be used to carry out the function that photon generator, modulator and also may two scanners, discuss as following.
The building block of this virtual retinal display 10 can be done very for a short time, compact and very light so that this virtual retinal display 10 can easily be installed in user's head and go up and need not a helmet or a head fixture as the exquisiteness of support structure.And, photon generator 12 can separate with projection light device 18 with scanner 16 with modulator 14 so that only scanner 16 and optical device 18 need be installed on user's the head, modulated photon is coupled to scanner can pass through monofilament fibre bundle or single monofilament optical fiber, describes in detail as following.In a preferred embodiment, adopt low-light grid scanner scans photon, this low-light grid scanner is very little very thin and respond electric driving or defection signal scans photon do deflection.The low-light grid scanner of application type is described as follows: it is being transferred to assignee's of the present invention and in as a reference the U.S. Patent application No. 08/329508 (on October 26th, 1994 submitted) description is being arranged here.Photon emitters, modulator and scanner can be made very for a short time, for example inch wide * 0.25,1.5 inches high * 1.5 is inch thick or have weight less than 1 ounce, so that the head of this virtual retinal display 10 is installed for this reason.
According to the one embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2, utilize the high resolution scanner to come level and vertical two direction upper deflecting light beams in the grating mode of a two dimension.Do not utilize arbitrary lens to come focused beam to form real image in eyes the place ahead.But eye lens 29 focuses of the light beam into the retina back a bit, at the position scanning retina of scanner 16 scannings this light beam spot during through the photon of ovennodulation.The position of the focus point on the retina during corresponding to arbitrary given eye position through the deflection angle of the light beam of collimation is scanned leaving observer's unlimited distance like an image like that.Light intensity is modulated so that produce the image of desired contrast with vision signal.Therefore, during user's eye motion, watch during the different piece of scene him the user attentively and will feel a static image.The ratio of expansion of the Width of image is in scanning angle.Need be to utilizing synthetic optical device to come the alignment scanning photon and the image of being experienced being calibrated.Generate the scan angle of proportional increase with the image that dwindles that forms scanner aperture.In addition, the size of scanner image is inessential when light enters eyes.
More specifically, as shown in Figure 2, be that photon is projected onto an acousto-optic guides 34 by cylindrical lens 30 and spherical lens 32 from the light of photon generator 12, it first, be horizontal direction scanning photon.Cylindrical lens will be opened do horizontal proliferation so that it is full of the aperture of acousto-optic guides 34 from the light beam of photon generator 12.Spherical lens 32 flatly converges the light that shines on the acousto-optic guides 34.
Be used as on acousto-optic guides 34 line of response 36 the vision signal modulation of the drive signal of the converter of acousto-optic guides 34 is light from the photon of photon generator 12 and promptly flatly scans the light modulation that is subjected to from photon generator 12 at first direction.Vision signal on the circuit 36 is by comprising that a Video Controller 42 totally provides with 38 video frequency driving systems of indicating.The video generator that the vision signal that provides on the circuit 56 and horizontal synchronization separately and vertical synchronizing signal can be provided Video Controller 42 is frame buffer 40 for example.Video Controller 42 also can comprise one according to leave running software among ROM46 etc. in the microprocessor that utilizes RAM48 as the memo memory.Horizontal-drive signal from video generator 40 is transformed into the oblique wave form by a ramp generator 50; This horizontal synchronization ramp waveform is added to a voltage controlled oscillator 52, and it responds defeated the putting of this oblique wave provides one to have the signal that frequency is done the variation of chirp formula.The output of voltage controlled oscillator 52 is added to the put into big device 54 of its gain with video data signal 56 changes of being exported by video generator 40, so that had the amplitude that changes by the vision signal on the circuit 56 and had the frequency that changes in the chirp mode by the vision signal 36 of amplifier 54 outputs.Vision signal on the circuit 36 is added to the driving transducer of acousto-optic guides 34.The amplitude that changes drive signal on the circuit 36 with this video information impels acousto-optic guides 34 with the light intensity of vision signal modulation from photon generator 12.The frequency that changes the drive signal on the circuit 36 in the chirp mode impels the acousto-optic guides to change the angle of light deflection, and making thus can be with first, be the horizontal direction scanning ray.
A pair of spherical lens 64 and 68 will do horizontal scanning light, be photon imaging on an orthoscanner 62, this moment one cylindrical lens 68 vertically launch the aperture that light is full of this orthoscanner 62.This orthoscanner 62 for example can be a galvanometer.Vertical synchronizing signal by video generator 58 outputs is transformed into ramp waveform and drives orthoscanner 62 through amplifier 60 amplifications by ramp generator 58.The sweep velocity of orthoscanner 62 is lower than the scanning of horizontal scanner 34 so that the output of orthoscanner 62 becomes photonic gratings.This photonic gratings is directly projected on user's the eyes 20 by the projection light device of taking annular or spherical optical element 72 as refractor, catoptron, holographic parts etc.
Annular or spherical optical element 72 provides the last imaging that is scanned photon and dwindles, more specifically, this annular or spherical optical element transmit through the photon of scanning so that they be summarised in eyes 20 entrance pupil 26 near.Because formed the image that dwindles of scanner aperture, this deflection angle is doubly taken advantage of according to Lagrange invariant, and this visual field and image size are proportional.Because be scanned the size of photon, that is the outgoing aperture of virtual retinal display is reduced, so the visual field of the image of being felt by eyes increases.
Optical element 72 can be the closed element that can not launch from the light outside the display system.In addition, optical element 72 can make can printing opacity so that the user can observe by element 72 around reality, this moment, the user felt that the virtual image that is scanned that is produced by display 10 is superimposed on this reality.And, this optical element 72 also can be made to transmission convertibly with the contrast between the virtual image of keeping outside realistic situation and being shown.One passive variable translucent element 72 can adopt the form of the layer that presss from both sides a light activated material therein to change the light transmission of element by ambient light.One active constant translucent element 72 can comprise liquid crystal material.This element can adopt light activated element to detect light quantity on every side, and the bias voltage that be added to liquid crystal material this moment changes the light transmission that changes element 72 on one's own initiative with the light that detects.
Relating to the described system of Fig. 2 up till now is monotubular.For obtaining a stero, can utilize one second virtual retinal display, 10 ＇ concurrently with first retinal display 10, this second virtual retinal display 10 ＇ will being scanned on second eye 20 ＇ that photon directly projects the user with the modulation of suitable video information.These means that are provided for two simple depth informations are so that shown object is apparent in different depth.But, each pixel of this object is revealed as the same distance apart from the user, this may produce contradiction between stereo cues device and monotubular prompting device, stereo cues device handled object is with respect to the location of each eye and the monotubular prompting device is handled the focusing of the light of the object of imaging on retina here.More specifically, in the Virtual Image Display System formerly, each monotubular image plane generally all focuses on the every pixel that makes in the virtual image, and to appear at the last optics of distance infinite.But two previous monotubular systems are possible conflict the between the combination results distance prompt device that forms bitubular video and focusing or the adaptation prompting device.
Virtual retinal display of the present invention is by utilizing the adaptation prompting device 70 in the bitubular display system in the monotubular display system 10 or that be made of display 10 and 10 ＇ to overcome these problems.This adapts to prompting device 70 for focusing on or adapt to prompting device, and it is controlled to rapid change through the focusing or the convergence of scanning photon or disperse with the experience degree of depth of control to each pixel of virtual image.Therefore according to the present invention,, for example promptly restrain or disperse the sensation that obtains real depth with the focusing of controlling each single pixel by respectively each pixel being made depth modulation.This adapts to the reflecting surface that prompting device 70 comprises rapid change shape.For example can utilize a minitype reflector that has the deformable films that its shape changes when film is recharged or discharge to constitute this and adapt to prompting device.The distortion that changes film with electric drive signal is controlled each pixel and is done the convergence on the degree of depth or disperse like this.Realize adapting to the driving of prompting device 70 by Video Controller 42, this controller can for example be deposited a Z axle video information buffer memory again at memory 48 or in video generator 40 except that the two-dimensional video information in common frame buffer.
The another embodiment that shows virtual retinal display 10 of the present invention among Fig. 3 is used for the retina of direct scanning colour photon to eyes of user.As shown in Figure 3, photon generator 12 comprises color laser or LED, and for example the ruddiness electronic generator 80, green glow electronic generator 82 and blue photons generator 84.As do not have adoptable blue photons generator, can adopt the gold-tinted electronic generator.Modulated from the rgb video information separately from video generator 40 since the colored photon of generator 80,82 and 84, made up by a beam combiner/dispersion precompensation device 86 then.The output of beam combiner/dispersion precompensation device 86 is projected on the horizontal scanner 34 by cylindrical lens 30 and spherical lens 32.Should point out that horizontal scanner also can not be the acousto-optic scanner shown in Fig. 2.For example resonance mechanical scanner or various types of low-light grid scanners of discussing below all can be used as horizontal scanner.The color modulation photon of doing horizontal scanning by scanner 34 outputs is projected onto on the dispersion compensator 88, and the output of this compensator 58 was projected onto on the prism before being projected orthoscanner 62 by a pair of spherical lens 64 and 68.
The colorama sub-gratings end spherical lens 92 through scanning by orthoscanner 62 outputs projects on the compensatory reflex mirror 96, and it moves with eye tracker 106 so that can when pupil movement photonic gratings directly be navigated on the entrance pupil 26 of eyes 20.In one embodiment, the image that a beam splitter 100 will be gone out by the corneal reflection of eye 20 is directed to lens 102 and a position probing diode 104, and the latter is coupled to eye tracker 106 to detect the position of pupil 26.According to the position of the pupil that is detected, the positive treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice of eye tracker ground location compensatory reflex mirror 96 is so that closely aim at the delivery outlet of this virtual retinal display or mouth with the entrance pupil of eye, and adjustment scan angle perhaps described as follows has changed video information with reflection.
The instantaneous position of pupil 26 also is sent to Video Controller 42 so that microprocessor 44 can be guided video information color modulation light after being determined by eye tracker 106, reflect the variation of user's direction of observation in this video information.More specifically say, detect pupil position be used for to being stored in video information location one " visual window " in the frame buffer 40 by microprocessor 44.This frame buffer 40 can be deposited the video information of for example representing a panoramic view, the position of this visual window then determine this view which partly be that the user will feel, be in video information in this visual window and be used to modulate light from photon generator 12.
Should point out because acousto-optic guides 34 diffraction ruddiness more than green glow diffracted green more than blue light, this discrete must the compensation in the diffraction.According to the present invention this discrete can be by the in addition suitable time-delay compensation of advancing of 108,110 and 112 pairs of rgb video signals of chronotron, these rgb video signals are to be coupled to separately red, green and blue photon generator 80,82 and 84 with suitable red, green and blue video information modulated red, green and blue photons.
In another embodiment of the virtual retinal display of the present invention shown in Fig. 4, composite video, to be rgb video signal receive and be separated into the section or the interval part of the image that a plurality of expressions desire to be scanned by a digital video scan converter 120.Video multiplex drive signal by each section of expression of the video amplifier 124 output is used to the light of parallel modulation from photon generator 12.Photon generator can be made up of diode laser matrix or high brightness LED array.Multiple red, green and yellow or blue beam is directly transmitted then or is delivered to low-light grid scanner 16 by monofilament optical fiber 131 with parallel each section or zone are modulated of video letter.Two functions of these low-light grid scanner 16 main execution.First, low-light grid scanner scans to produce the grating rather than an aerial imagery of light on retina at two direction of principal axis scanning multiple column of colours relevant with each section or zone, does not have image plane between photon generator 12 and eyes 20.The second, the function of low-light grid scanner 16 is the light that is scanned as the instantaneous entrance pupil location with respect to eyes that eye tracker 24 is detected.
More specifically, scanner 16 comprises one first low-light grid scanner 132, its response scans this column of colour by the X-axis defection signal of a deflection amplifier 136 outputs in the horizontal direction, the horizontal-drive signal of amplifier 136 origin self-scanning generators 122 drives here.134 responses of the second low-light grid scanner should be through the colored photon of horizontal scanning at vertical scan direction from the y deflection signal of the deflection amplifier 136 of vertical synchronization that is scanned generator 122 or the stingy moving signal driving of deflection.Scanning collimation lens 140 receives the light field through two-dimensional modulation that is projected onto on one or the three look combiners 142.Then combiner 142 projects Maxwell with this light through scanning and detects photosystem 148.This photosystem 148 will project a stop position deflector through the colored photon of scanning, this deflector can comprise two shaft current meter catoptrons, the latter will be scanned light again and project a for example combiner 152 with three looks coatings of a ring light element, and the colored photon that this annular combiner 152 will be scanned is the eyes 20 of projection directly.
Follow the tracks of for making eye, eye tracker 24 comprises an infrared light supply, and it is with the as directed surface that shines eyes directly or indirectly of low-intensity infrared light.The surface of eye is observed via combiner 142, lens 140 and a charge-coupled device ccd array 146 by stop position deflector 150.Handled to produce zero-signal Δ H and Δ V by pupil position processor 154 by the signal that ccd sensor 146 obtains, colored deflection amplifier 158 and grating that they are coupled to are separately located catoptron 150 so that can make the photon that is scanned follow the pupil of eyes of user 20.
Be applicable to for example shown in Fig. 5 of light emitting diode matrix of the present invention.If think that an X-Y visual field is can offer an explanation a little or cell array is constituted by one 2000 * 2000, these make with regard to being refreshed p.s. 50 times inromation bandwidth near 200MHz.High-brightness LED generally has the power bandwidth curve that brings into operation more than 2MHz.This result mainly is the long-pending restriction of R-C of the stray capacitance of the forward biased p-n junction of the relevant degree of depth.For satisfying the bandwidth requirement of this system, adopt the linear array of each color 50 to 100LED pixel.Utilize red, green and blue LED scheme will need that each has 50～100 LED in this three look.As shown in Figure 5, array 200 comprises LED sheet 201,202,203-N, and wherein each LED sheet comprises a LED active region 205.This LED active region can comprise a GaAsP alloy and a Si 3N 4Insulating coating.
The function of the laser phase array that shows among Fig. 6 is to carry out photon generation, video modulation and the scanning in a direction at least.This laser phased array comprises thin-film waveguide 210, phase-modulator electrode 212, the coupler 214 of purification and laser cavity 216; The coherent light beam of the about 10mw power of this array emission.When with the two laser instruments processing that closely separate on this same material substrate the time, their light field is coupled and makes light emission process in this two devices interrelate and become relevant.One of the emission of this dual-laser clear and definite wavefront surface consequently.In laser phased array 220, if laser instrument is exactly a phase coherence at a distance of within 10 microns light beam mutually with many laser cavitys 216.This resolution can be reached by photoetching technique.Electrooptic modulator is by changing the refraction coefficient work of waveguide medium 210, and light beam must transmit by these medium before injecting free space.Separate by the electric contact 212 that will be used for each modulator, the dependent phase of each laser just can change by modulated device in the array.For a series of suitable modulation voltages, the wavefront surface of the light beam of laser array coupling can be changed to make the light beam that is launched to be an angle with one with normal exit direction and penetrate.Adopt the suitably modulation voltage of series, can be to laser beam in the enterprising line scanning of assigned direction.Might constitute one or two laser phased arraies make need not a sub-scanning device in vertical direction to laser scanning.
Fig. 7 explanation be used to scan photon low-light grid scanner 132,134 for example.This low-light grid scanner comprises an execution unit 230.This execution unit 230 is one can respond the piezoelectric bimorph semi-girder that an electric drive signal is done three-dimensional motion.Control the deflection of this cantilever execution unit with appropriate driving signal, execution unit 230 is deflected into the photon that is mapped on it and scans photon.
For example shown in Fig. 8, this low-light grid scanner has curved reflection surface to another of the low-light grid scanner that can be done minimumly, moves automatically and scans the light that is mapped on its face in one direction.More specifically, these low-light grid are sent out and are retouched device 240 and comprise a basal plane, and promptly the execution unit 242 that is made of piezoelectric has a substrate 244 that is formed on this execution unit 242, and wherein this substrate 244 has a reflecting surface that is bent 246.The drive signal that response one changes, this piezoelectricity are held to such an extent that parts and substrate 244 are moving on the direction of arrow 248 automatically so that at a light that is mapped to perpendicular to the scanning on the first direction of the direction 248 that moves usually on the surface 246 of substrate.The second low-light grid scanner 250 scans the light that is mapped to above it in perpendicular to the second direction of first direction, so that rastered picture is directly scanned on the retina of eyes of user.
Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention, single mode monofilament optical fiber 300 or single multiply optical fiber be used to from light source for example photon generator 12 couple light to scanning system 16.Monofilament optical fiber 300 comprises the entrance port 302 that the single core 304 of optical fiber 300 is advanced in a guiding, and this core 304 is stretched over an exit portal 306 along fiber lengths.The outgoing aperture of this monofilament optical fiber 300 can be minimum.For example, this outgoing aperture can be 10 microns or littler, is preferably 3.5 microns magnitude so that can be provided for being input to the pointolite of scanning system 16.
Photon generator 12 as above-mentioned, can produce coherent light such as laser.In the laser embodiment of the system that Fig. 9 illustrates, optical fiber 300 makes the video modulation part of lasing light emitter and video source and system all can be positioned in the place away from scanning system 16.Optical fiber 300 also has additional advantage when lasing light emitter is the laser generator of laser diode or other generation astigmatism light.More specifically, laser diode generally produces astigmatism light, and this will be not as the pixel of desired generation one circle on being scanned the eyes of user nethike embrane time but the pixel such as the oval pixel of a distortion.Optical fiber 300 will be transformed into a round dot with the laser light of astigmatism at the exit portal place of optical fiber 300 when being used to such lasing light emitter, thereby can obtain the pixel of circle when light is scanned on the retina.
Photon generator 12 shown in Fig. 9 also can comprise light emitting diode (LED).LED does not produce coherent light.And the light launch site of LED is generally all too big to the generation of the required very high resolution image of the application of some display systems.Though utilize the optical device of lens and so on can dwindle the apparent size of led light source, the application of this optical device can cause the loss on the intensity, and optical path length is increased and the overall volume of display system is increased.But couple light to a single mode monofilament optical fiber 300 at LED, the exit portal of this optical fiber 300 will form and enough be used for the very very little pointolite of high resolution image generation.Should point out that common LED may have the light launch site 308 of 500 micron dimensions.According to the present invention, optical fiber 300 makes very large LED light launch site to be reduced to be lower than 10 microns, and preferably can be at 3.5 microns the order of magnitude to the optical fiber 300 of the diameter of core 304 with this order of magnitude.
Lens 310 such lens can be used to the light from laser, LED or other types photon generator 12 is focused in the entrance port 302 of optical fiber 300 into as shown in Figure 9.On the other hand, as shown in Figure 10, the end 312 of containing the optical fiber of entrance port 302 can directly be adjoined to the photon generator 12 that is represented as LED314.Can be seen by Fig. 10, the diameter of the entrance port 302 of optical fiber, be the light launch site 308 of area much smaller than LED314.Figure 11 is illustrated as another embodiment that couples light to optical fiber 300 from photon generator 12.In this embodiment, optical fiber 300 is constituted as and has a funnelform end 316, and the guiding forward (FWD) has in the entrance port 302 of core 304 of very little constant diameter of optical fiber 300 of entrance port 302.The entrance port 318 of the funnel part 316 of optical fiber has the diameter greater than the diameter of going into perforation 302 of the constant diameter core part 320 of optical fiber 300, the funnel part 316 of the optical fiber shown in Figure 11 can directly be adjoined photon source 12, perhaps in other words, it can be placed in it closely close.
The pointolite scioptics 330 that form from outlet loophole 306 places at optical fiber 300 are coupled to the horizontal low-light grid scanner 332 of scanning system great 16.The light that incides horizontal low-light grid scanner 332 is guided vertical low-light grid scanner 334 and scioptics 336 are scanned on the retina of eyes of user.The exit portal 306 of optical fiber 300 and the distance between the lens 330 can be adjusted to the optical convergence that makes lens 330 output and come to form an image plane 340 between the output of scanning system 16 and eyes of user.Lens 336 are that photoconduction is guided to collimation lens on user's the retina.For adjusting the visual field of virtual retinal display system illustrated in fig. 9, lens 330 and lens 336 can be moved near or branch Kaiyuan City a little.Because system of the present invention very compactness only contains minimal optical element, lens 330 and 336 can take to be combined in simultaneously mode make lens to move simultaneously or mutually near or be separated, thereby the user need not they are done adjustment separately.This can realize by adopting the Zoom lens mounting structure to wait to lens 330 and 336.
The light source that be also pointed out that the entrance port 302 that is input to optical fiber 300 can comprise the red emission device, and blue emission device and green emitter provide color system completely.Preferably each of these optical transmitting sets all can directly be modulated with vision signal.But, adopt the colored light emission device also can utilize video modulator separately to come, with blue video information modulation blue light with green video information modulation green glow with red video information modulated red light.Can be guided in the optical fiber with the associated of this optical transmitting set from the light of each colored transmitter, each optical fiber all is coupled to a single optical fiber 300 so that provide the colored pointolite through video modulation with its exit portal 306.On the other hand, the colorama from each transmitter can be made up before the entrance port 302 that is imported into optical fiber 300 as above-mentioned.
Can be according to top introduction to this bright many modifications and modification made.Therefore it should be understood that within listed claim scope, can make and above-mentioned different practice the present invention.

Claims (32)

1. Virtual Image Display System comprises:
Light source, described light is modulated with video information;
Scanning system is used for the retina of described photoscanning to user's dormancy eyeball; With
Single monofilament optical fiber has an entrance port and exit portal, described optical fiber will be from the described scanning system of coupling light to of described light source so that provide pointolite at the exit portal of described optical fiber.
2. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source comprises laser instrument.
3. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source comprises light emitting diode.
4. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source has the light launch site; And the exit portal of described optical fiber has the area of size less than the described smooth launch site of light source.
5. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source comprises the red emission device, blue emission device and green emitter; With a light combined system that is used to make up from the light of each described red, indigo plant and green emitter.
6. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 5 is characterized in that the light by described combined system output is coupled to the entrance port of described optical fiber.
7. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 5 is characterized in that at least one described optical transmitting set is directly modulated with described video information.
8. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source is a coherent source.
9. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source is an incoherent light source.
10. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that including the lens between the described entrance port that is placed in described light source and described optical fiber, is used for the light from described light source is focused on described entrance port.
11. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that described light source is directly adjoined in the entrance port of described optical fiber.
12. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 1 is characterized in that including the exit portal that is placed in described optical fiber and the lens between the described scanning system, is used for from the described scanning system of coupling light to of described exit portal.
13. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 12 is characterized in that described lens converging light so that form image plane between the output of described scanning system and eyes of user.
14. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 12 is characterized in that including the single lens between the output that is placed in described scanning system and user's the eyes.
15. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 5 is characterized in that including the device that the output of being coupled at least one described optical transmitting set is used for modulating with video information described light.
16. a Virtual Image Display System comprises:
Incoherent light source, described light source have the light launch site and described light is modulated with video information;
Scanning system is used for described incoherent light is scanned the retina of eyes of user; With
Single monofilament optical fiber has entrance port and exit portal, and described optical fiber will be from the described scanning system of coupling light to of described light source, and described exit portal is less than the light launch site of described light source.
17. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 16 is characterized in that described light source comprises light emitting diode.
18. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 17 is characterized in that described light emitting diode is directly modulated with described video information.
19. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 16 is characterized in that described light source comprises the red emission device, blue emission device and green emitter; With the light combined system that is used to make up from the light of each described red, indigo plant and green glow reverberator.
20. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 19 is characterized in that the light by described combined system output is coupled to the entrance port of described optical fiber.
21. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 16 is characterized in that including lens between the described entrance port that is placed in described light source and described optical fiber, is used for the light from described light source is focused on described entrance port.
22. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 16 is characterized in that described light source is directly adjoined in the entrance port of described optical fiber.
23. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 16 is characterized in that including the exit portal that is placed in described optical fiber and the lens between the described scanning system, will be from the described scanning system of coupling light to of described exit portal.
24. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 23 is characterized in that described lens converging light is to form an image plane between the output of described scanning system and eyes of user.
25. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 23 is characterized in that including the single lens that are placed between described scanning system and the eyes of user.
26. the Virtual Image Display System in the claim 19 is characterized in that including the single fiber section with each described red, indigo plant and green emitter associated.
27. a method that produces virtual image comprises:
With the light of video information modulation by light emitted;
The entrance port of the monofilament optical fiber that described relatively light source location is single is so that will be from the exit portal that couples light to described optical fiber of described light source;
Located adjacent is to its reception light of lens cause of the described exit portal of described optical fiber; With
To the retina of user's eyes so that on retina, form the image of described video information from the photoscanning of described lens.
28. the method in the claim 27, the step that it is characterized in that described lens position is in the described exit portal certain distance that leaves optical fiber with described lens position, so that described lens with optical convergence on described light is scanned thereon an image plane, described image plane is outside eyes of user.
29. the method in the claim 27 is characterized in that described light launched by laser instrument.
30. the method in the claim 27 is characterized in that described light launched by light emitting diode.
31. the method in the claim 30 is characterized in that described light emitting diode is adjoined in the described entrance port of optical fiber.
32. the method in the claim 27 is characterized in that described modulation step comprises red-emitting, modulates described ruddiness with red video signal; The emission blue light is modulated described blue light with blue video signal; Transmitting green light is modulated described green glow with video green signal; Make up described modulated ruddiness, blue light and green glow to constitute the light of described light emitted; And described fiber orientation step comprises the entrance port of locating described optical fiber red, indigo plant and the green glow to receive described combination.
CN96193824A 1995-05-09 1996-04-19 Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source Pending CN1183848A (en)

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US08/437,818 US5596339A (en) 1992-10-22 1995-05-09 Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source

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