JP2007178943A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image display device capable of adjusting the focal length of a luminous flux entering a scanning optical system, with a simple configuration. <P>SOLUTION: The image display device which scans the luminous flux with a scanning optical system, to form an image has: first level optical systems 32 and 33 emitting the luminous flux toward the scanning optical system; a light emitting section 17a allowing the luminous flux to enter the first level optical systems 32 and 33; and a displacing means 36 changing the positional relation between the light emitting section 17a and the first level optical systems 32 and 33. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display apparatus that forms an image by scanning a light beam with a scanning optical system, and more particularly, to an image display apparatus having a function of adjusting the focal length of a light beam incident on the scanning optical system.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, image display apparatuses such as a retina scanning type and a screen scanning type for displaying an image include a scanning optical system for scanning a light beam. Such a scanning optical system generally includes a horizontal scanning unit for scanning the light beam in the horizontal direction, a vertical scanning unit for scanning the light beam in the vertical direction, and the like. Such a configuration is disclosed in, for example, [Patent Document 1] for a retinal scanning image display device.

  In the retinal scanning type image display apparatus, the user recognizes that the image is floating in the space. When the light beam incident on the user's eyes is parallel light, the image is recognized as floating at infinity, and when the light beam incident on the user's eyes is divergent light, Is recognized as floating at a predetermined distance.

  In order to adjust the distance, in the conventional retinal scanning type image display device, as shown in [Patent Document 1], the lens position provided in the wavefront curvature modulation optical system is changed. It was.

JP 2005-338110 A

However, since the wavefront curvature modulation optical system has a relatively complicated structure and is difficult to reduce in size, the retinal scanning type optical scanning device has a wavefront curvature modulation optical system even though downsizing is desired. There is a problem that downsizing is difficult.
Also in the screen scanning type image display apparatus, it is necessary to adjust the focal length so that the light beam is focused on the screen, and it is desirable that the configuration for performing such adjustment be as simple as possible.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides an image display apparatus having a simple configuration and a function of adjusting the focal length of a light beam incident on a scanning optical system. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is an image display apparatus that forms an image by scanning a light beam with a scanning optical system, and first stage optical that emits the light beam toward the scanning optical system. The image display apparatus includes: a system; a light-emitting unit that causes the light beam to enter the first-stage optical system; and a displacement unit that changes a positional relationship between the light-emitting unit and the first-stage optical system.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the displacement means changes the positional relationship by displacing at least one of the light emitting unit and the first stage optical system along an optical axis of the first stage optical system. An image display apparatus according to claim 1.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the displacement means includes a first cylindrical member formed in a cylindrical shape and integrated with the light emitting portion, and a second cylindrical member formed in a cylindrical shape and integrated with the first stage optical system. And the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member are arranged so as to be coaxial with each other, the light-emitting portion is located at the radial center of the first cylindrical member, and the first-stage optical system Is positioned at the center of the second cylindrical member in the radial direction, and the positional relationship is changed when at least one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is displaced in the axial direction. The image display apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

  In the invention according to claim 4, any one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is inserted into the other, and the inner cylindrical member projects from the outer surface of the outer cylindrical member. The image display device according to claim 3, further comprising a grip portion for displacing the inner cylindrical member with respect to the outer cylindrical member.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a retinal scanning image display device that projects an image formed by the light flux on the retina of an eye and displays the image. The image display device described in the above.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the image display device according to the fourth aspect, wherein the outer cylindrical member has a defining means for defining a movable range of the grip portion.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the image display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the defining means defines the movable range in a direction inclined with respect to the optical axis.

  The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the defining means defines the movable range in accordance with an image display distance by the image display device. In the device.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the image display device according to claim 8, wherein the movable range, the focal length of the first-stage optical system, and the image display distance satisfy a predetermined relationship. It is in.

  The invention according to claim 10 has an image display according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising positioning means for detachably positioning the grip portion at a plurality of positions within the movable range. In the device.

  The invention according to claim 11 is the image display apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a scale corresponding to the image display distance corresponding to the plurality of positions.

  The invention according to claim 12 is a retinal scanning type image display device that projects and displays an image formed by the light flux on the retina of the eye. It is in the image display device.

  The invention according to claim 13 is characterized in that the defining means defines one end of the movable range so that the light beam becomes parallel light at an incident position on the eye. It is in the image display device.

  The invention according to claim 14 is characterized in that the defining means defines at least a part of the movable range so that the luminous flux becomes divergent light at an incident position on the eye. An image display apparatus according to claim 13.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a support member that engages with the ear and supports the image display device main body on the head, and the positional relationship is changed by moving the grip portion along the support member. The image display device according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the image display device is an image display device.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the image display device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, the displacement unit includes a driving unit that drives the light emitting unit.

  The image of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the light emitting section is formed by an emission end of an optical fiber for guiding a light beam from the light source side. In the display.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, in an image display apparatus that forms an image by scanning a light beam with a scanning optical system, a first-stage optical system that emits the light beam toward the scanning optical system, and the light beam on the first-stage optical system Since the image display apparatus includes a light emitting unit that makes the light incident and a displacement unit that changes a positional relationship between the light emitting unit and the first stage optical system, the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system with a relatively simple configuration It is possible to provide an image display device capable of adjusting the angle.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the displacement means changes the positional relationship by displacing at least one of the light emitting unit and the first stage optical system along an optical axis of the first stage optical system. Since it is in the image display device according to claim 1, it is possible to provide an image display device that can adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system with a relatively simple configuration and that has no image position deviation. .

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the displacement means includes a first cylindrical member formed in a cylindrical shape and integrated with the light emitting portion, and a second cylindrical member formed in a cylindrical shape and integrated with the first stage optical system. And the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member are arranged so as to be coaxial with each other, the light-emitting portion is located at the radial center of the first cylindrical member, and the first-stage optical system Is positioned at the center of the second cylindrical member in the radial direction, and the positional relationship is changed when at least one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is displaced in the axial direction. The image display apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system can be adjusted with a simple configuration, and the image has no image position deviation. A display device can be provided.

  In the invention according to claim 4, any one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is inserted into the other, and the inner cylindrical member projects from the outer surface of the outer cylindrical member. The image display device according to claim 3, further comprising a grip portion for displacing the inner cylindrical member with respect to the outer cylindrical member. By operating this, it is possible to provide an image display device that can easily adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a retinal scanning image display device that projects an image formed by the light flux on the retina of an eye and displays the image. Therefore, it is possible to provide a retinal scanning type image display apparatus capable of adjusting the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system with a relatively simple configuration.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the image display device according to claim 4, wherein the outer cylindrical member has a defining means for defining a movable range of the grip portion. Thus, it is possible to provide an image display device that can easily adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system while preventing the inappropriate operation by operating the gripper according to the defining means. it can.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the image display device according to claim 6, wherein the defining means defines the movable range in a direction inclined with respect to the optical axis. To provide an image display device capable of easily and finely adjusting the focal length of a light beam incident on a scanning optical system while preventing an inappropriate operation by operating a gripper according to a defining means. Can do.

  The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the defining means defines the movable range in accordance with an image display distance by the image display device. Since it is in the device, the scanning optical system is prevented from performing inappropriate operations such as setting the image display distance to a range where it cannot be recognized as an image by operating the gripper according to the defining means. It is possible to provide an image display device capable of easily adjusting the focal length of an incident light beam.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the image display device according to claim 8, wherein the movable range, the focal length of the first-stage optical system, and the image display distance satisfy a predetermined relationship. Therefore, by operating the gripper according to the defining means, the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system can be reduced while preventing inappropriate operations such as setting the image display distance to an impossible range. An image display device having a predetermined optical characteristic and a predetermined image display distance characteristic that can be easily adjusted and based on such a relationship can be provided.

  The invention according to claim 10 has an image display according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising positioning means for detachably positioning the grip portion at a plurality of positions within the movable range. Since it is in the apparatus, the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system can be set according to a desired distance while preventing the inappropriate operation by operating the gripping part while locating and viewing according to the defining means with a simple configuration. An image display device that can be easily adjusted can be provided.

  The invention according to claim 11 has a scale corresponding to the image display distance corresponding to the plurality of positions. The image display apparatus according to claim 10 has a simple configuration and grips. By adjusting the position while grasping the image display distance according to the defining means, the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system can be more easily adjusted to the desired distance while preventing inappropriate operation. It is possible to provide an image display device capable of performing the above.

  The invention according to claim 12 is a retinal scanning type image display device that projects and displays an image formed by the light flux on the retina of the eye. Since it is in the image display device, it is possible to easily adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system while preventing the inappropriate operation by operating the gripper according to the defining means with a simple configuration. It is possible to provide a retinal scanning-type image display device that can

  The invention according to claim 13 is characterized in that the defining means defines one end of the movable range so that the light beam becomes parallel light at an incident position on the eye. Since it is in the image display device, it is possible to easily adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system while preventing the inappropriate operation by operating the grip portion according to the defining means with a simple configuration, It is possible to provide a retinal scanning type image display device capable of setting the projection distance to infinity or the like.

  The invention according to claim 14 is characterized in that the defining means defines at least a part of the movable range so that the luminous flux becomes divergent light at an incident position on the eye. The image display device according to claim 13, wherein the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system is prevented by operating the gripping portion according to the defining means with a simple configuration while preventing an inappropriate operation. Can be easily adjusted, and a retinal scanning type image display apparatus can be provided in which the projection distance can be a predetermined distance closer to infinity.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a support member that engages with the ear and supports the image display device main body on the head, and the positional relationship is changed by moving the grip portion along the support member. Since it exists in the image display apparatus of any one of Claims 12-14 characterized by the above-mentioned, by operating a holding part according to a prescription | regulation means with a simple structure, it can prevent improper operation. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a small retinal scanning type image display device capable of more easily adjusting the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system.

  The invention according to claim 16 is the image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the displacement means has a drive means for driving the light emitting part. It is possible to provide an image display apparatus that can adjust the focal length of a light beam incident on a scanning optical system with a simple configuration appropriately and easily using a driving unit.

  The image of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the light emitting section is formed by an emission end of an optical fiber for guiding a light beam from the light source side. Since it is in the display device, it is possible to adjust the focal length of the light beam incident on the scanning optical system with a relatively simple configuration, and to provide an image display device with a relatively high degree of design freedom by guiding the light beam with an optical fiber. can do.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Configuration of image display device]
Hereinafter, an image display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the configuration of a retinal scanning display 1 which is an example of an image display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the retinal scanning display 1 is provided with a light source unit 2 for processing a video signal supplied from the outside. The light source unit 2 is provided with a video signal supply circuit 3 that receives an external video signal and generates each signal as an element for synthesizing the video based on the video signal. A signal 4, a vertical synchronization signal 5, and a horizontal synchronization signal 6 are output. The light source unit 2 also includes lasers that are intensity-modulated based on the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) video signals transmitted from the video signal supply circuit 3 as video signals 4. An R laser driver 10, a G laser driver 9, and a B laser driver 8 for driving the R laser 13, the G laser 12, and the B laser 11 as light sources are provided so as to emit light. Further, a collimating optical system 14 provided so as to collimate the laser light emitted from each laser into parallel light, a dichroic mirror 15 for combining the collimated laser lights, and the combined laser light will be described later. A coupling optical system 16 that leads to the optical fiber 17 is provided. As the R laser 13, G laser 12, and B laser 11, a semiconductor laser such as a laser diode or a solid-state laser may be used. The light source unit 2 in this embodiment corresponds to an example of a modulation unit that modulates the intensity of at least one light source and a light beam emitted from the light source according to an image signal.

  The retinal scanning display 1 includes an optical fiber 17 for guiding laser light as a light beam from the light source unit 2 side to a scanning optical system to be described later, and a laser guided from the light source unit 2 side by the optical fiber 17. A first relay optical system 18 that guides light to a vertical scanning system 19 to be described later, a vertical scanning system 19 as a scanning optical system that scans collimated laser light in a vertical direction using a galvano mirror 19a, and vertical scanning A laser beam scanned by the system 19 is guided to a horizontal scanning system 21 to be described later, and a laser beam scanned by the vertical scanning system 19 and incident through the second relay optical system 20 is converted into a galvanometer. A horizontal scanning system 21 as a scanning optical system that scans in the horizontal direction using a mirror 21a, and a laser beam scanned by the horizontal scanning system 21 is used as a pupil 24 of an observer. A third relay optical system 22 is incident is provided. The second relay optical system 20 is configured such that the galvano mirror 19a of the vertical scanning system 19 and the galvano mirror 21a of the horizontal scanning system 21 are conjugated, and the third relay optical system 22 is coupled to the galvano mirror 21a. Each of them is provided so as to be conjugate with the pupil 24 of the person.

  As a specific example, the vertical scanning system 19 is an optical system that performs vertical scanning (an example of primary scanning) in which a laser beam is vertically scanned for each scanning line of an image to be displayed. . The vertical scanning system 19 includes a galvano mirror 19a as an optical member that scans the laser beam in the vertical direction, and a vertical scanning control circuit 19c that controls driving of the galvano mirror 19a.

  On the other hand, the horizontal scanning system 21 performs horizontal scanning (an example of secondary scanning) in which the laser beam is scanned horizontally from the first scanning line toward the last scanning line for each frame of an image to be displayed. It is an optical system. The horizontal scanning system 21 includes a galvano mirror 21a as an optical member that performs horizontal scanning, and a horizontal scanning control circuit 21c that controls driving of the galvano mirror 21a.

  The vertical scanning system 19 is designed to scan the laser beam at a higher speed, that is, at a higher frequency than the horizontal scanning system 21. The vertical scanning system 19 scans the beam light at the vertical scanning angle, and the horizontal scanning system 21 scans the beam light at the horizontal scanning angle. In this embodiment, the vertical scanning angle is higher than the horizontal scanning angle. Is set too small. As shown in FIG. 2A, since the display range 152 of the image is shorter in the vertical direction Y than in the horizontal direction X, the scanning trajectory s of the light beam is also in the vertical direction Y rather than the horizontal direction X. The vertical scanning angle in the vertical direction becomes smaller than the horizontal scanning angle in the horizontal direction. For this reason, compared with the configuration in which the scanning is performed in the horizontal direction where the scanning angle must first be increased, then the scanning is performed in the vertical direction where the scanning angle is small, and the light beam is scanned as shown in FIG. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2A, space can be saved by scanning in the vertical direction where the scanning angle is small before scanning in the horizontal direction where the scanning angle must be increased. Can do.

  In this embodiment, the vertical scanning system 19 having a small scanning angle is used as a scanning system (low speed scanning system) that scans the light beam at a low speed as a scanning system (high speed scanning system) that scans the light beam at a high speed. Although the horizontal scanning system 21 having a large scanning angle is employed, a normal video signal such as NTSC (National Television Standards Committee), for example, corresponds to high-speed scanning in the horizontal scanning. The video signal is converted into digital data and converted so that the scanning is performed at low speed and the vertical scanning is performed at high speed. Of course, if the video signal input to the video signal supply circuit 3 is assumed to have a signal format such that the vertical scanning system 19 performs high-speed scanning, the above-described conversion processing can be performed without any particular necessity.

  In this embodiment, the vertical scanning system 19 having a small scanning angle is used as a scanning system (low speed scanning system) that scans the light beam at a low speed as a scanning system (high speed scanning system) that scans the light beam at a high speed. Although the horizontal scanning system 21 having a large scanning angle is adopted, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the horizontal scanning system 21 having a large scanning angle is used as a scanning system (high-speed scanning system) that scans the beam light at high speed. The vertical scanning system 19 having a small scanning angle may be employed as the scanning system (low-speed scanning system) that performs scanning in the above.

  That is, the vertical scanning angle (an example of the primary scanning angle) scanned in the vertical direction (an example of the primary direction) is the horizontal scanning angle (the secondary scanning angle) of the horizontal direction (an example of the secondary direction). Since the scanning width of the beam light scanned in the vertical direction can be made smaller than the scanning width of the beam light scanned in the horizontal direction, the optical path of the scanned beam light is considered. Then, the first relay optical system 18 that guides the light beam directed to the vertical scanning system 19, the vertical scanning system 19, the second relay optical system 20 that guides the light beam directed from the vertical scanning system 19 to the horizontal scanning system 21, and the like are provided. Can be reduced, and the apparatus can be further downsized.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the vertical scanning system 19 and the horizontal scanning system 21 are connected to the video signal supply circuit 3 respectively, and the vertical synchronization signal 5 and the horizontal synchronization signal 6 output from the video signal supply circuit 3, respectively. The laser beam is scanned in synchronization.

  The vertical scanning system 19 and the horizontal scanning system 21 in this embodiment scan the incident light beam in the primary direction and the secondary direction substantially perpendicular to the primary direction, thereby forming the frame. It is an example of a scanning device.

  The vertical scanning system 19 in this embodiment corresponds to an example of a primary scanning unit that scans incident beam light in the vertical direction, and the horizontal scanning system 21 in this embodiment is scanned in the vertical direction. This corresponds to an example of secondary scanning means for scanning the light beam in the horizontal direction. Further, the second relay optical system 20 in the present embodiment corresponds to an example of a relay optical system (relay optical means).

  Next, a process from when the retinal scanning display 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention receives an image signal from the outside to when an image is projected on the retina of the observer will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the retinal scanning display 1 of the present embodiment, when the video signal supply circuit 3 provided in the light source unit 2 receives an external video signal, the video signal supply circuit 3 A video signal 4 including an R video signal, a G video signal, and a B video signal, a vertical synchronizing signal 5 and a horizontal synchronizing signal 6 for outputting laser beams of red, green, and blue colors are output. The R laser driver 10, the G laser driver 9, and the B laser driver 8 respectively drive the R laser 13, the G laser 12, and the B laser 11 based on the input R video signal, G video signal, and B video signal. Output a signal. Based on this drive signal, the R laser 13, the G laser 12, and the B laser 11 each generate intensity-modulated laser light and output each to the collimating optical system 14. The video signal supply circuit 3 controls the timing of generating laser light and outputting each to the collimating optical system 14 in accordance with a BD signal (not shown) indicating a driving state of a galvano mirror 19a described later. That is, such a retinal scanning display 1 (video signal supply circuit 3) controls the timing at which the galvano mirror 19a or the like emits a light beam. The laser light generated from the point light source is collimated into parallel light by the collimating optical system 14, and is further incident on the dichroic mirror 15 to be combined into a single light beam. It is guided to enter the fiber 17.

  The laser light propagated through the optical fiber 17 is collimated or diverged from the optical fiber 17 by the first relay optical system 18 as will be described later, and then emitted to the vertical scanning system 19. The emitted laser light is incident on the deflection surface 19b of the galvanometer mirror 19a of the vertical scanning system 19. The laser beam incident on the deflecting surface 19b of the galvano mirror 19a is scanned in the vertical direction in synchronization with the vertical synchronizing signal and enters the deflecting surface 21b of the galvano mirror 21a of the horizontal scanning system 21 via the second relay optical system 20. . In the second relay optical system 20, the deflection surface 19b of the galvanometer mirror 19a and the deflection surface 21b of the galvanometer mirror 21a are adjusted to have a conjugate relationship, and the surface tilt of the galvanometer mirror 19a is corrected. The galvanometer mirror 21a is reciprocally oscillated so that the deflecting surface 21b reflects the incident light in the horizontal direction in synchronization with the horizontal synchronization signal 6 in the same manner as the galvanometer mirror 19a synchronizes with the vertical synchronization signal. The laser beam is scanned in the horizontal direction by the mirror 21a. Laser light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the vertical scanning system 19 and the horizontal scanning system 21 is provided so that the deflection surface 21b of the galvano mirror 21a and the pupil 24 of the observer have a conjugate relationship. The third relay optical system 22 enters the observer's pupil 24 and is projected onto the retina. The observer can thus recognize the image by the laser light that is two-dimensionally scanned and projected onto the retina. In addition, although the galvanometer mirror 19a of the vertical scanning system 19 and the galvanometer mirror 21a of the horizontal scanning system 21 have been described with the same names, their reflecting surfaces are swung (rotated) so as to scan light. It goes without saying that any drive system such as a resonance type, non-resonance type, piezoelectric drive, electromagnetic drive, electrostatic drive, or the like may be used.

[Configurations of various optical systems]
As described above, configurations of various optical systems that guide the beam light emitted from the optical fiber 17 to the observer's pupil 24 while scanning two-dimensionally will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the first relay optical system 18 converts the laser light emitted from the light emitting portion 17a formed by the emission end of the optical fiber 17 into parallel light as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure (b), the light is diverged.

  The first relay optical system 18 supports a light emitting end portion of the optical fiber 17 and a fiber holder 31 integrated with the light emitting portion 17a, and a convex lens 32 that is an optical member as a first-stage optical system that transmits the laser light from the light emitting portion 17a. And a concave lens 33, a lens holder 34 fixedly holding the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, and a casing 35 integral with the lens holder 34 while supporting the fiber holder 31 slidably in the T direction.

  The fiber holder 31, the lens holder 34, and the casing 35 constitute a displacement unit 36 that changes the positional relationship between the light emitting unit 17 a, the convex lens 32, and the concave lens 33. The displacing means 36 changes the positional relationship between the light emitting portion 17a and the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 by displacing the light emitting portion 17a along the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33.

  The fiber holder 31 is a cylindrical member with a bottom, and the light emitting portion 17a is placed at the center in the radial direction of the fiber holder 31 so that the laser light from the light emitting portion 17a is emitted from the opening. Support to be located.

The casing 35 and the lens holder 34 are cylindrical members that are coaxial with each other.
The lens holder 34 supports the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 so that the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 are positioned at the radial center of the lens holder 34 on the inner peripheral surface thereof.

  The casing 35 fixes the outer peripheral surface of the lens holder 34 to the inner peripheral surface, and is integrated with the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 via the lens holder 34. Therefore, the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 are located at the radial center of the casing 35.

  The fiber holder 31 is inserted into the casing 35, and the casing 35 supports the outer peripheral surface of the fiber holder 31 on the inner peripheral surface so as to be slidable. The casing 35 and the fiber holder 31 are coaxial with each other.

  Therefore, the light emitting unit 17 a is located at the center in the radial direction of the casing 35 and is located on the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33. The axial directions of the fiber holder 31, the lens holder 34, and the casing 35 coincide with each other, and the optical axis direction of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 coincides with the T direction.

  Therefore, when the fiber holder 31 is displaced in the T direction with respect to the casing 35, the light emitting portion 17a is displaced along the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33. In this manner, the light emitting portion 17a, the convex lens 32, and the concave lens 33 are displaced. The positional relationship changes.

  In order to displace the fiber holder 31 in the T direction with respect to the casing 35, the fiber holder 31 located inside the casing 35 has a grip portion 31 a protruding from the outer surface of the casing 35 located outside the fiber holder 31. In addition, the casing 35 has a long hole 35a that is inserted through the grip portion 31a and allows the grip portion 31a to move.

  When the fiber holder 31 is displaced in the T direction with respect to the casing 35, the positional relationship between the light emitting portion 17a, the convex lens 32, and the concave lens 33 changes, so that the focal length of the laser light emitted from the concave lens 33 changes. The focal length affects the sense of distance of the display image recognized by the observer who uses the retinal scanning display 1, and needs to be within a predetermined range.

  Therefore, the long hole 35a functions as a defining unit that defines the movable range of the grip portion 31a according to the image display distance by the retinal scanning display 1. The grip portion 31a slides in the long hole 35a, and the range from one end to the other end of the grip portion 31a in the long hole 35a is a movable range. The length of the long hole 35a along the T direction is 0.5 millimeters, and thus the movable distance of the fiber holder 31 is 0.5 millimeter, which corresponds to the movable range of the gripping portion 31a. The image display distance is also referred to as an image presentation distance.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the long hole 35a is configured so that the laser light emitted from the concave lens 33 becomes parallel light when the gripping portion 31a occupies one end of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 farther from it. In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the grip portion 31a occupies a position other than one end far from the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, the laser light emitted from the concave lens 33 is diffused light. It stipulates that

  As will be described later, the second relay optical system 20 and the third relay optical system emit parallel light when the incident laser light is parallel light, and emit diffuse light when the incident laser light is diffuse light. Is configured to do.

  Accordingly, the long hole 35a is defined so that one end of the long lens 35a far from the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 becomes parallel light at the incident position of the laser light to the observer's eye, that is, the pupil 24, in the movable range of the grip portion 31a. In addition, other portions are defined so as to be scattered light at the incident position of the laser light to the pupil 24.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the long hole 35a is formed in the casing 35 so as to extend in the T direction. A scale 37 corresponding to the image display distance recognized by the observer is formed on the peripheral surface of the casing 35 so as to correspond to the position of the grip portion 31a.

  When the grip portion 31a occupies one end of the movable range, which is far from the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, parallel light is incident on the pupil 24, and thus the observer feels that the image is displayed at infinity. Therefore, the display of “∞” is formed as a scale 37 on the peripheral surface of the casing 35 so as to correspond to the one end.

  When the grip portion 31a occupies a position other than one end of the movable range, scattered light is incident on the pupil 24. Therefore, the observer displays that the image is displayed with a predetermined sense of distance rather than infinity. feel. Therefore, on the peripheral surface of the casing 35, indications “4”, “2”, “1”, “0.5”, “0.2” are formed on the peripheral surface of the casing 35 so as to correspond to positions other than one end. . The unit is meters.

  In this example, when the grip portion 31a occupies one end of the movable range closer to the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, the observer feels that the image is displayed 0.2 meters forward, so the oblong hole 35a A scale 37 of “0.2” is formed so as to correspond to the one end.

  Thus, in this example, since the range of the image display distance recognized by the observer is from 0.2 meters to infinity, the scale 37 corresponding to this is formed on the surface of the casing 35 as described above. However, when the minimum value of the image display distance is 0.1 meter, for example, a scale corresponding to this is formed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the grip portion 31 a integrally includes an elastic body 31 c having a convex portion 31 b. The elastic body 31c is located in the long hole 35a, and slides in the long hole 35a along the extending direction of the long hole 35a. The elastic body 31c is made of rubber and is fixed to the main body of the grip portion 31a.
The long hole 35a has a concave portion 35b into which the convex portion 31b is detachably fitted. A plurality of the recesses 35b are arranged along the T direction.

  Thus, the elastic body 31c, particularly the convex portion 31b, and the long hole 35a, particularly the concave portion 35b, position the gripping portion 31a so as to be detachable at a plurality of positions corresponding to the scale 37 within the movable range. It functions as positioning means 38.

  By this positioning means 38, the operability of the gripping portion 31a is improved, and the observer or the like can hold the gripping portion at a position corresponding to a desired display distance even though the movable distance of the fiber holder 31 is as small as 0.5 millimeter. It is possible to position 31a and observe the projected image at the display distance.

  The movable range of the grip portion 31a, the focal lengths of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, and the image display distance satisfy the following relationship. This relationship indicates the optical characteristics of the retinal scanning display 1 and the image display distance characteristics associated therewith.

When the image display distance is ∞, the movement amount of the grip portion 31a from the position occupied by the grip portion 31a is T, and among the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 constituting the first-stage optical system, an optical member closest to the light emitting point 17a is used. If the focal length of a certain convex lens 32 is f and the image display distance is R, the movement amount T, the focal length f, and the image display distance R are:
T = f ² / (R + f)
Satisfy the relationship. Note that the unit of the movement amount T, the focal length f, and the image display distance R is meters.

  Accordingly, the movement amount T = 0 when the image display distance R = ∞, and the movement amount T = 0.0005 [m] (= 0.5 [mm] when the image display distance R = 0.2 [m]. ]), The focal length f≈0.01 [m]. Therefore, in the state shown in FIG. 3A, since the beam light emitted from the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 is made into parallel light, the distance between the light emitting point 17a and the convex lens 32 is the focal length f≈0.01 [m. ], The first relay optical system 18 is configured to be equal to In each figure, the size of each member and the distance between each member are not necessarily accurate.

  As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 6, the second relay optical system 20 has convex lenses 41 and 42 as optical members, and the third relay optical system 22 has convex lenses 51 and 52 as optical members. is doing. The convex lens 41 and the convex lens 42 have the same optical power. The convex lens 51 and the convex lens 52 have the same optical power.

The galvanometer mirror 19a and the galvanometer mirror 21a are erected in the vertical direction with the reflecting surface directed in the horizontal direction.
As shown in FIG. 1, the galvanometer mirror 19a has a shaft 19d extending in the horizontal direction, and the galvanometer mirror 21a has a shaft 21d shown in FIG. 1 extending in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the first relay optical system 18 allows the light beam emitted from the light emitting portion 17a of the optical fiber 17 to enter and pass through the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33, and as shown in FIG. Beam light is emitted toward the vertical scanning system 19 and guided to the deflection surface 19b of the galvanometer mirror 19a.

  In addition, in the state which radiate | emits parallel light shown to Fig.3 (a), the light emission part 17a occupies the position where the distance with the convex lens 32 becomes the focal distance f as mentioned above, FIG.3 (b) In the state where the divergent light is emitted as shown in FIG. 3), the light emitting portion 17a occupies a position closer to the position where the distance from the convex lens 32 becomes the focal length f. The convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 are used for the purpose of correcting chromatic aberration, but the first-stage optical system is not limited to this configuration.

  The galvanometer mirror 19a is rotated about the shaft 19d, and the beam light emitted by the first relay optical system 18 is reflected by the deflecting surface 19b, thereby scanning in the vertical direction, and the second relay optical system. Lead to 20.

  The second relay optical system 20 condenses the beam light that is reflected and scanned by the convex surface 41 by the convex lens 41. The condensed beam light is once focused and then diffused and enters the convex lens 42. The convex lens 42 gives power in a direction for condensing the incident beam light and emits it to the galvanometer mirror 21a.

  Since the convex lens 41 and the convex lens 42 have the same power, the second relay optical system 20 emits parallel light when the incident light beam is parallel light as shown in FIG. As shown in (b), when the incident beam light is diffused light, the diffused light is emitted.

In the state shown in FIG. 6A, the light beam is focused at the center position between the convex lens 41 and the convex lens 42. In the state shown in FIG. 6B, the light beam is from the center position between the convex lens 41 and the convex lens 42. Also, the focal point is set at a position close to the convex lens 42.
The inside of the first relay optical system 18 shown in FIG. 6A is in the state shown in FIG. 3A, and the inside of the first relay optical system 18 shown in FIG. Is in the state shown in FIG.

  The galvanometer mirror 21a is driven to rotate about the shaft 21d, and the beam light emitted by the second relay optical system 20 is reflected by the deflecting surface 21b, thereby scanning in the horizontal direction, and the third relay optical system. Guide to system 22.

  The third relay optical system 22 condenses the beam light that is reflected by the convex lens 51 and scanned by the deflecting surface 21b. The condensed beam light is once focused and then diffused and enters the convex lens 52. The convex lens 52 gives the incident beam light a power for condensing it and emits it to the observer's pupil 24.

  Since the convex lens 51 and the convex lens 52 have the same power as each other, the third relay optical system 22 emits parallel light when the incident beam light is parallel light as shown in FIG. As shown in (b), when the incident beam light is diffused light, the diffused light is emitted.

  In the state shown in FIG. 6A, the light beam is focused at the central position between the convex lens 51 and the convex lens 52, and from the central position between the convex lens 51 and the convex lens 52 in the state shown in FIG. Also, the focal point is formed at a position close to the convex lens 52.

  The beam light emitted from the third relay optical system 22 enters the eye from the pupil 24 of the observer, and is focused on the retina via the crystalline lens 60. The observer recognizes how much the position of the projected image is displayed ahead of himself / herself by the change in the thickness of the crystalline lens 60. For example, in the state shown in FIG. 6A, the observer feels that the lens 60 has a thickness corresponding to the collimated light entering the eye and the image is projected at infinity, and FIG. In the state shown in (b), the observer enters the eye in which the diffused light is incident on the eye so that the lens 60 has a corresponding thickness, specifically, a thicker state than the state shown in FIG. I feel the image is projected in front of the meter.

  In the embodiment described above, the long hole 35a that defines the movable range of the gripping portion 31a extends in the T direction parallel to the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33. As shown in FIG. The long hole 35a may be provided in the U direction inclined with respect to the optical axis, and the movable range may be defined in the direction inclined with respect to the optical axis.

  As described above, the movable distance of the fiber holder 31 in the T direction is 0.5 millimeter, and although the operability is improved by the positioning means 38, it is fine for an observer or the like to operate the grip portion 31a. It is necessary to pay attention, but when the gripping part 31a is moved in the U direction by setting the movable range of the gripping part 31a to the U direction inclined with respect to the optical axis, the movement distance in the T direction is It is smaller than the moving distance. Therefore, it is easier to adjust the position of the fiber holder 31 in the T direction than in the above-described embodiment, fine adjustment is possible, and operability is further improved.

  In this configuration, the fiber holder 31 moves in the T direction while being twisted with respect to the casing 35. That is, it moves in the T direction while rotating with respect to the casing 35 around the optical axes of the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the movement of the fiber holder 31 may be performed using a motor 71 as a driving means instead of using the gripping portion 31a. That is, the displacement means 36 that changes the positional relationship between the light emitting portion 17 a and the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 may include the motor 71.

  The displacement means 36 includes a motor 71, an eccentric cam 74 attached to the motor 71, and a spring 76 as an urging means for urging the fiber holder 31 toward an immovable member 75 in the retinal scanning display 1. The member 75, a pulse generation circuit (not shown) for supplying a pulsed current to the motor 71, a controller (not shown), a controller having a CPU and the like for controlling the circuit, and the like are included.

  The motor 71 is a stepping motor, and has a main body 72 fixed to the outer surface of the casing 35 and an output shaft 73 extending from the outside of the casing 35 to the inside. The eccentric cam 74 is fixed on the tip end side of the output shaft 73. The spring 76 is a tension spring, and one end is fixed to the bottom surface of the fiber holder 31 and the other end is fixed to the member 75.

  In the displacement means 36 having such a configuration, the bottom surface of the fiber holder 31 is always in contact with the circumferential surface of the eccentric cam 74 due to the biasing force of the spring 76, and if the motor 71 is driven to rotate the eccentric cam 74. The distance between the output shaft 73 and the fiber holder 31 is determined according to the diameter of the eccentric cam 74. The number of pulses of current generated by the pulse generation circuit and the phase of the eccentric cam 74 are stored in the memory in association with each other.

  Therefore, by controlling the number of energization pulses to the motor 71, the light emitting unit 17a is driven in the T direction, and the positional relationship between the light emitting unit 17a, the convex lens 32, and the concave lens 33 is changed, and the image projected by the observer is projected. The distance is controlled. An observer or the like operates the controller to drive the pulse generation circuit and obtain a desired projection distance.

  The retinal scanning display 1 can be worn on the observer's head in the state of glasses or sunglasses. In this case, the retinal scanning display 1 has a support member such as glasses or sunglasses that engages the ears of the observer and supports the main body of the retinal scanning display 1 on the head.

  In the form in which the retinal scanning display 1 has the grip portion 31a, at least the first relay optical system 18 is disposed on the temple, the movable direction of the grip portion 31a is made to coincide with the extending direction of the crane, and the grip portion 31a is If the positional relationship between the light emitting part 17a and the convex lens 32 and the concave lens 33 is changed by moving along the vine, the operability of the gripping part 31a can be improved and the space can be saved. .

  In particular, if the gripping portion 31a is moved to the forehead side, the projection distance is increased, and if the gripping portion 31a is moved to the occipital side, the projection distance is reduced. And the moving direction of the gripping part 31a coincide with each other, and it becomes easy to grasp the operating direction of the gripping part 31a sensuously, and the operability is further improved.

  Even in a form in which the retinal scanning display 1 has the motor 71 instead of the grip portion 31a, it is possible to arrange the controller on the vine, improving the operability of the grip portion 31a and saving space. Is possible.

  Also in this case, for example, if the moving direction or tilting direction of the lever provided in the controller is matched with the moving direction of the projection distance felt by the observer, it is easy to sensuously grasp the operating direction of the grip portion 31a. The operability is further improved.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. Deformation / change is possible.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the positional relationship between the light emitting unit and the first-stage optical system is changed by displacing the light emitting unit, but at least one of them may be displaced to change the positional relationship. Therefore, only the first-stage optical system may be displaced, or both may be displaced together.

  Here, in the above-described embodiment, the light emitting unit is integrated with the first cylindrical member described as the fiber holder 31, and the first-stage optical system is integrated with the second cylindrical member described as the casing. Changing the positional relationship by displacing at least one of the first optical system and the first stage optical system changes the positional relationship by displacing at least one of the first and second cylindrical members. In this case, instead of the first cylindrical member, only the second cylindrical member may be displaced, or both may be displaced together.

  In the above-described embodiment, the first cylindrical member is inserted into the second cylindrical member. However, the second cylindrical member may be inserted into the first cylindrical member. The insertion mode may be to insert a part of the cylindrical member instead of the entire cylindrical member.

  In the above-described embodiment, the member inserted into the other is a cylindrical member as described above. However, even when the driving unit is configured to drive one of the members, or when the gripping portion is provided, the gripping portion is positioned on the optical axis. In the configuration that moves along the axis, it can be a cylindrical member having a prismatic shape.

  In the above-described embodiment, the vertical scanning angle scanned in the vertical direction by the vertical scanning system 19 is set to be smaller than the horizontal scanning angle scanned in the horizontal direction by the horizontal scanning system 21, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the vertical scanning angle may be set larger than or the same as the horizontal scanning angle.

  In the above-described embodiment, the beam light is first scanned in the vertical direction by the vertical scanning system 19 and then the beam light is scanned first in the horizontal direction by the horizontal scanning system 21. For example, the beam light may be scanned first in the horizontal direction by the horizontal scanning system, and then the beam light may be scanned first in the vertical direction by the vertical scanning system.

  In the embodiment described above, the incident beam light is configured to scan in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the incident beam light is scanned in the primary direction. You may comprise so that it may scan in the secondary direction which cross | intersects the primary direction.

  In the above-described embodiment, the light beam modulated according to the image signal is scanned in the primary direction and the secondary direction, thereby projecting an image on the retina of the eye and displaying the image. Although an example of a scanning image display apparatus) has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a light beam modulated in accordance with an image signal can be transmitted in the primary direction and 2 without directly projecting an image on the retina of the eye. The present invention may be applied to a screen projection type display (an example of an image display device) that projects and displays an image on a screen or the like by scanning in the next direction.

  In this case, the light beam emitted from the third relay optical system 22 is condensed light so as to be focused on the screen. Moreover, the distance to a screen shall be 3-10 meters, for example.

  In the above-described embodiment, the light emitting point is formed by the emission end of the optical fiber, but the light emitting point may be formed by an LED. In this case, since the video signals 4 of R, G, and B are directly sent to the LEDs, the drivers 8, 9, and 10, the lasers 11, 12, and 13, and the collimating optical system 14 corresponding to the respective signals The dichroic mirror 15, the coupling optical system 16, and the optical fiber 17 can all be omitted, and the image display apparatus can be greatly reduced in size.

  The effects described in the embodiments of the present invention are only the most preferable effects resulting from the present invention, and the effects of the present invention are limited to those described in the embodiments of the present invention. is not.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the retinal scanning type image display apparatus as an image display apparatus in this embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the scanning aspect of the beam light in this embodiment. It is a sectional side view of the displacement means in this embodiment. It is a top view of the displacement means in this embodiment. It is a plane sectional view of the displacement means in this embodiment. It is an optical path expansion | deployment figure which shows the optical system in this embodiment, and the optical path of a laser beam. It is a top view of the displacement means in another embodiment. It is a sectional side view of the displacement means in another embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image display apparatus, retinal scanning image display apparatus 17 Optical fiber 17a Light emission part 19 Scanning optical system 21 Scanning optical system 31 1st cylindrical member, inner cylindrical member 31a Grasping part 32, 33 First stage optical system 35 2nd Cylindrical member 35a, outer cylindrical member 35a defining means 36 displacement means 37 scale 38 positioning means 61 retina 71 driving means

Claims (17)

In an image display apparatus that forms an image by scanning a light beam with a scanning optical system,
A first-stage optical system that emits the light beam toward the scanning optical system;
A light emitting unit for causing the light beam to enter the first stage optical system;
The image display apparatus which has a displacement means to change the positional relationship of the said light emission part and the said first stage optical system.   The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the displacement unit changes the positional relationship by displacing at least one of the light emitting unit and the first stage optical system along an optical axis of the first stage optical system. . The displacement means includes a first cylindrical member that is cylindrical and integrated with the light emitting unit, and a second cylindrical member that is cylindrical and integrated with the first-stage optical system,
The first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member are disposed so as to be coaxial,
The light emitting portion is located at the radial center of the first tubular member;
The optical axis of the first stage optical system is located at the radial center of the second cylindrical member,
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the positional relationship is changed when at least one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is displaced in the axial direction. Either one of the first cylindrical member and the second cylindrical member is inserted into the other,
The inner cylindrical member protrudes from the outer surface of the outer cylindrical member, and has a grip portion for displacing the inner cylindrical member with respect to the outer cylindrical member. The image display device described.   5. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the image display device is a retinal scanning image display device that displays an image by projecting an image formed by the light beam onto a retina of an eye.   The image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the outer cylindrical member includes a defining unit that defines a movable range of the grip portion.   The image display device according to claim 6, wherein the defining means defines the movable range in a direction inclined with respect to the optical axis.   The image display device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the defining means defines the movable range according to an image display distance by the image display device.   The image display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the movable range, the focal length of the first-stage optical system, and the image display distance satisfy a predetermined relationship.   10. The image display device according to claim 6, further comprising a positioning unit that detachably positions the grip portion at a plurality of positions within the movable range. 11.   The image display device according to claim 10, further comprising a scale corresponding to the image display distance corresponding to the plurality of positions.   The image display device according to claim 6, wherein the image display device is a retinal scanning image display device that projects and displays an image formed by the light beam on a retina of an eye.   13. The image display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the defining means defines one end of the movable range so that the light beam becomes parallel light at an incident position on an eye.   The image display according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the defining means defines at least a part of the movable range so that the light flux becomes divergent light at an incident position on an eye. apparatus.   13. A support member that engages with an ear and supports the image display apparatus main body on a head thereof, and the positional relationship is changed by moving the grip portion along the support member. The image display apparatus of any one of -14.   The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the displacement unit includes a drive unit that drives the light emitting unit. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting unit is formed by an emission end of an optical fiber for guiding a light beam from a light source side.

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