CN1182951A - 半透明多晶氧化铝及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
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- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种光学上半透明的多晶氧化铝烧结体,主要由氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钇和氧化锆组成。氧化镁的含量约为0.020wt%,氧化钇的含量约为0.035wt%,氧化锆的含量约为0.018wt%。由这种配方制成的高压钠灯弧管,其抗钠损耗和外壳变黑的能力大大提高了,从而提高了其输出的有效光通量。
Description
本发明涉及半透明的陶瓷，更具体地说，涉及一种高密度多晶氧化铝(PCA)，它在制成高压钠灯的弧管时表现出抗钠损耗的能力提高，同时外壳变黑的现象减少，而且效能因工作壁温度提高而提高。
PCA半透明陶瓷体是大家所熟悉的。Coble在美国专利3,026,210中公开了用0.0625至0.5wt％(重量百分比)的MgO促进残余孔隙度消除作用的方法，该方法是在密度超过98％时防止氧化铝颗粒中形成孔隙，并在烧结工序的后阶段控制颗粒的生长过程的。
Charles等人在美国专利4,285,732中提出往氧化铝/氧化镁陶瓷中加入小量的氧化锆和/或氧化铪来控制第二物相的形成。此第二物相通常为尖晶石，即铝酸镁MgAl2O4，氧化镁含量超过溶解度水平时就会产生这种现象。烧结体的颗粒度据称为20μm至50μm，掺入的杂质量为0.030～0.150wt％范围的氧化镁和0.002～0.070wt％的氧化锆和/或氧化铪。
McVey在美国专利4,567,396中教导，可以采用美国专利4,285,732的配方提高高压钠灯的效率，因为最大限度地减少了钠损耗，而且弧管的工作壁温提高所致。
美国专利3,377,176公开了用在弧管中的一种氧化铝配方，采用了0.05wt％的氧化镁和0.035wt％的氧化钇。
Maekawa等人在欧洲专利申请93-119959.0中公开了一种掺有三种杂质的氧化铝，即0.010～0.080wt％的氧化镁，0.001～0.030wt％的氧化钇，和0.020～0.120wt％的氧化锆，公开的主要实例中氧化镁、氧化钇和氧化锆的含量分别为0.020、0.020和0.040wt％。
虽然所有这些材料表现良好，但由于灯的外壳壁逐渐变黑，因而随着时间的推移灯的光通量减小了。此外，一般认为氧化锆的百分比高对烧制炉的砖层有害。
如果能使这种灯保持高效能，减少外壳壁变黑程度，从而保持原来百分比高的透射系数，那将是本技术领域的一大进步。
因此，本发明的目的是提高半透明陶瓷产品的质量。
本发明的另一个目的是制造一种颗粒度小、密度极佳且使灯外壳变黑的倾向有所减小的半透明陶瓷。
本发明的另一个目的是提供高压钠灯的一种效能提高、保持光通量的能力也提高的弧管。
按照本发明的一个方面，上述目的是通过提供一种主要由大约0.020wt％的氧化镁、大约0.018wt％的氧化锆才大约0.035wt％的氧化钇组成的光学上半透明的多晶体达到的。
制取这种半透明陶瓷体的方法包括下列工序：制备产生上述组成物的水浆；往该组成物中加硝酸，以便将pH值调节到4.6；接着往浆液中加入2.5固体wt％的含水粘合剂和增塑剂，然后喷涂之将其晾干；再用湿袋等加压法制成制品，在大约1325℃的温度下预烧大约2个小时；再在氢气中在1830℃下烧结大约3小时。
图1是可应用本发明的高压钠灯的正视图。
图2是本发明的弧管和现有技术的弧管的外壳变黑的时间关系曲线图。
图3是本发明的弧管和现有技术的弧管的光通量时间曲线。
参看下面参照上述附图所作的说明可以更好地理解本发明及其其它目的、优点和效能。
现在更仔细地参看附图，图中示出了高压钠蒸汽灯100，其玻璃质外壳6的大型螺扣灯座4附在图中最下方所示的芯柱端上。凹入的芯柱压扁部8有一对较粗的引入导体10和12通过芯柱8延伸，导体10和12的外端接螺扣外壳17和孔眼18。
灯100的内壳或弧管14在外壳6内处于中心位置。弧管14由长条的透光陶恣组成，透光陶瓷由半透明的多晶氧化铝陶瓷制成。弧管14中装有一次装填量的可蒸发金属，其中还可加入象水银之类工作压力范围在0.1至5个大气压、在一般60乇或以上的工作压力下能释放出钠类物质的金属缓冲气体。弧管14的上端用氧化铝陶瓷塞子20封闭着，铌质引入线26即穿过塞子20伸出，支撑着弧管14内的上电极(图中未示出)。弧管14的下端有一个封口件由陶瓷塞子21组成，薄壁铌管26即穿过塞子21延伸。铌管26用作弧管14的引入线。弧管14下电极(图中未示出)的尾端伸入管26中，通过在位置25将管26在下电极周围压扁固定就位。弧管14上卷绕有钨丝50。钨丝50通过热开关52与其中一个电极连接，在达到最低击穿电压时处在各电极之间。热开关在灯暖和起来时打开从而最大限度地减小管壁两端的电场。
弧管14是本发明的主题，其弧壁42环抱的空间形成电弧室40。弧管中氧化镁、氧化铝和氧化钇的含量分别为0.020、0.018和0.035wt％左右，其余的成分为氧化铝。
加入了氧化锆证明了可使灯在工作和处理过程中阻止尖晶石的形成，从而减少钠损耗同时可以提高壁温。实验表明，壁温每上升50℃可以使高压钠灯的光通量增加2～3％。
下面用对本发明不起限制作用的实例说明本发明。
实例1
将500克0.3微米的65％α氧化铝和35％γ氧化铝以40％的固体分散在水中，往其中加入经定量分析的硝酸镁、硝酸锆和硝酸钇的水溶液，由此制备一批以重量百分比计含0.02％MgO、0.018％ZrO2、0.035％氧化钇和2.5％的有机粘结剂和增塑剂，诸如2.0wt％的聚乙二醇和0.5wt％的聚乙烯醇。加入硝酸以便将pH值调节到4.6。象聚乙烯醇之类的含水粘结剂和象聚乙二醇之类的增塑剂，其加入量为2.5固体wt％。浆液经过搅拌之后喷涂晾干，再将得出的粉料用湿袋等压法制成制品。制品在1325℃下预烧2小时后，在氢气中在1830℃下烧结3小时。
在所有情况下，烧结得出的制品为适宜用作高压钠灯的放电管。放电管是为工作功率为200瓦的灯设计的，在400瓦工作功率下进行加速(寿命)试验。这种试验提高钠的反应程度，且使灯在2000小时内经受正常灯工作需要在24,000小时内经受的多得多的反应。
为对比起见，也制备了下面现有技术配方的灯，并进行试验。
实例2
实验程序与实例1的完全相同，只是配方中氧化镁、氧化锆和氧化钇的含量分别为0.02、0.040和0.002wt％。这种配方在上述欧洲专利申请93-119959.0中有介绍。
实例3
实验程序与实例1的完全相同，只是配方为0.50wt％的氧化镁和0.040wt％的氧化锆。这份资料在美国专利4,285,732中有介绍。烧结工序是在1880℃下在氧化中历时3小时进行的。结果如表1所示。
表1
原始弧管
透射率(％)试验 总的 串联 千流明 ％T 瓦实例1 96.4 4.5 46.6 83.0 395实例2 96.3 5.4 44.3 77.8 398实例3 95.8 11.3 41.1 55.4 405对照物 96.4 6.0 32.1 35.3 378
表1中，千流明表示以千计的流明值，％T表示在1000小时内测出的外壳的透射率。对照物表示填加剂由0.05wt％的MgO和0.035wt％的Y2O3组成的一般市售灯管。
这样，这里所述的配方，其制成的半透明陶瓷制品在承受钠反应的能力方面比现行采用或文献上介绍的配方大。
表1中列出的外壳随时间变黑的百分比数据在图2中用曲线表示，持续时间超过2000小时除外。
图3是以千流明表示的输出的光通量的时间关系曲线。
上面已就本发明认为是最佳的一些实施例进行说明，但本技术领域的行家们都知道，在不脱离本发明在所附权利要求书中所述的范围的前提下是可以对上述实施例进行种种更改和修改的。
Claims (2)
1.高压钠灯的一种弧管，其特征在于，它含有大约O.020重量百分比的氧化镁、大约O.018重量百分比的氧化锆，和大约0.035重量百分比的氧化钇，其余的成分为基本上纯正的氧化铝。
2.一种光学上半透明的多晶氧化铝烧结体，主要由氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钇和氧化锆组成，所述氧化镁、氧化钇和氧化锆的含量以重量百分比计分别为0.020、0.035和0.018。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US681,739 | 1996-07-29 | ||
| US681739 | 1996-07-29 | ||
| US08/681,739 US5682082A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1996-07-29 | Translucent polycrystalline alumina and method of making same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1182951A true CN1182951A (zh) | 1998-05-27 |
| CN1106676C CN1106676C (zh) | 2003-04-23 |
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| CN97116140A Expired - Fee Related CN1106676C (zh) | 1996-07-29 | 1997-07-29 | 半透明多晶氧化铝烧结体和由其制造的放电管 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5682082A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0822575B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH1092380A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1106676C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2211225C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ291434B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69704817T2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW396147B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100369859C (zh) * | 2002-07-10 | 2008-02-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 透光多晶氧化铝及形成方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6083451A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 2000-07-04 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of producing a polycrystalline alumina ceramic which is resistant to a fluorine-comprising plasma |
| JPH1154091A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-26 | Matsushita Electron Corp | マイクロ波放電ランプ |
| CA2261380A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-12 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Mercury and lead free high pressure sodium lamp |
| US6268696B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2001-07-31 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Mercury and lead free high pressure sodium lamp |
| US6004503A (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 1999-12-21 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Method of making a ceramic arc tube for metal halide lamps |
| US6639362B1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2003-10-28 | General Electric Company | High pressure discharge lamp |
| US6731066B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2004-05-04 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Ceramic arc tube assembly |
| KR100912306B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-02 | 2009-08-14 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 무정질 물질 및 세라믹의 제조 방법 |
| DE60223550T2 (de) | 2001-08-02 | 2008-10-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Co., St. Paul | Verfahren zur herstellung von gegenständen aus glas sowie so hergestellte glaskeramikgegenstände |
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-
1996
- 1996-07-29 US US08/681,739 patent/US5682082A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-06-13 TW TW086108198A patent/TW396147B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-02 EP EP97110889A patent/EP0822575B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-02 DE DE69704817T patent/DE69704817T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-14 CZ CZ19972222A patent/CZ291434B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-23 CA CA002211225A patent/CA2211225C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-29 CN CN97116140A patent/CN1106676C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-29 JP JP9203056A patent/JPH1092380A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100369859C (zh) * | 2002-07-10 | 2008-02-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 透光多晶氧化铝及形成方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5682082A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
| CN1106676C (zh) | 2003-04-23 |
| CZ222297A3 (cs) | 1998-02-18 |
| CZ291434B6 (cs) | 2003-03-12 |
| JPH1092380A (ja) | 1998-04-10 |
| DE69704817D1 (de) | 2001-06-21 |
| EP0822575B1 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
| EP0822575A3 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| DE69704817T2 (de) | 2001-09-27 |
| EP0822575A2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| CA2211225C (en) | 2007-03-27 |
| CA2211225A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| TW396147B (en) | 2000-07-01 |
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