CN118255907A - 一种具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118255907A CN118255907A CN202410357285.8A CN202410357285A CN118255907A CN 118255907 A CN118255907 A CN 118255907A CN 202410357285 A CN202410357285 A CN 202410357285A CN 118255907 A CN118255907 A CN 118255907A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有免疫调节活性的板蓝根多糖IRPS‑TE‑3及其制备方法。本发明中的IRPS‑TE‑3由水提醇沉法提取、酶‑反复冻融法脱蛋白,经DEAE‑52离子交换柱和Sephadex G100凝胶柱层析分离纯化得到,IRPS‑TE‑3由岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸组成,摩尔比为0.96:8.75:26.52:9.57:3.78:2.72:47.70。IRPS‑TE‑3的Mw、Mn和Polydispersity分别为56.191kDa、11.491kDa和4.890,通过部分酸水解和寡糖测序分析确定了IRPS‑TE‑3的骨架结构,核磁共振谱图归属其侧链结构信息。基于氯霉素诱导的斑马鱼免疫损伤模型发现,IRPS‑TE‑3可以提高免疫细胞数目,降低ROS水平、减少细胞凋亡,降低NO、IL‑6、IL‑1β和TNF‑α含量,减轻肠屏障损伤,进一步通过q‑PCR探究其免疫调节机制,结果表明板蓝根多糖修复免疫系统损伤与TLR4/MAPK8/p38受体信号通路有关。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,主要涉及一种具有免疫调节作用的板蓝根多糖及其制备方法。
背景技术
免疫系统是机体抵御外来病原体的重要系统,当病原微生物入侵宿主时,参与机体非特异性免疫的巨噬细胞合成并分泌趋化因子和细胞因子,增强机体抵抗力。中药多糖以其多种途径、多靶点对免疫系统具有良好的激活作用而受到广泛关注。中药多糖可以增强巨噬细胞增殖,刺激巨噬细胞分泌与免疫相关的细胞因子(白细胞介素-1β、和白细胞介素-6)和炎症介质(如一氧化氮)表达间接杀死病原体,从而参与免疫调节信号通路。
多糖类成分是板蓝根的主要活性成分之一,具有显著的免疫调节作用,然而板蓝根多糖的化学结构和组成多样,细微的结构变化可能影响其免疫活性。多糖生物活性受单糖组成、分子量、糖苷键和分支程度等多方面影响。为了探索板蓝根多糖结构与免疫活性之间的关系,本发明对板蓝根多糖的结构进行表征及进一步探索其免疫活性机制,为板蓝根免疫增强应用的开发提供一定的理论基础。
发明内容
本发明提供一种板蓝根多糖及其在免疫调节中的应用,该多糖是从板蓝根中制备得到的酸性阿拉伯半乳聚糖,斑马鱼活性试验表明,该多糖通过增加斑马鱼体内巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞数目,减少细胞凋亡和ROS堆积,减少NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等细胞因子的分泌。q-PCR实验证明IRPS-TE-3通过TLR4/MAPK/p38信号通路发挥免疫调节作用,TLR4受体是板蓝根多糖的明确作用位点。因此,所述IRPS-TE-3具有免疫调节的前景,有望用于免疫增强剂及增强免疫力的食品添加剂。
一种具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖(简称IRPS-TE-3),所述板蓝根多糖由岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸构成,所述板蓝根多糖的其数均分子量(Mn)为11.491kDa;重均分子量(Mw)为56.191kDa,z均分子量(Mz)为338.642kDa,峰值分子量(Mp)为338.642kDa,分散系数(Polydispersity)为4.890。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖,所述板蓝根多糖由含量为0.96%、8.75%、26.52%、9.57%、3.78%、2.72%、47.70%的岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸构成。
本发明所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取板蓝根饮片,加水提取,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到浓缩液;
(2)将(1)所述浓缩液加入乙醇进行醇沉,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤后,冷冻干燥,得沉淀产物;
(3)将步骤(2)沉淀产物溶于水中,加入胰蛋白酶水解脱蛋白,反复冻融3次,冷冻干燥;
(4)将干燥产物再次溶于水中,经离子交换树脂洗脱,收集0.3M NaCl洗脱组分,使用3500Da透析袋进行透析,得透析产物,冷冻干燥;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻干燥产物再次溶于去离子水中,上样至葡聚糖凝胶柱反复分离,收集洗脱峰组分,冷冻干燥,即得。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取板蓝根饮片加8~16倍的去离子水提取1~3次,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到浓缩液;
(2)将所述浓缩液,加入无水乙醇,使其最终乙醇体积浓度达到70~80%,收集沉淀,冷冻干燥得沉淀产物;
(3)将沉淀产物溶于水中,加入胰蛋白酶酶解脱蛋白、反复冻融3次离心除去蛋白,浓缩冷冻干燥得产物;
(4)采用离子交换树脂洗脱,收集0.3M NaCl洗脱组分,使用3500Da透析袋进行透析,得透析产物,冷冻干燥;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻干燥产物再次溶于去离子水中,上样至葡聚糖凝胶柱反复分离,收集洗脱峰组分,冷冻干燥,即得。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,所述的步骤(1),取板蓝根饮片,加8倍的水煎煮或回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到水溶性组分。步骤(2)加入无水乙醇,使其最终乙醇体积浓度达到70~80%。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,步骤(3)中的胰蛋白酶酶活500U·mL-1、pH 8.0、酶解时间5h、酶解温度37℃,酶解后立即投入100℃水浴30min灭酶,4000rpm离心15min,然后反复冻融3次。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,步骤(4)所述的离子交换树脂型号为DEAE-52,吸附时间12h,洗脱速度为1d/s,使用去离子水、0.1MNaCl、0.3M NaCl梯度洗脱,收集0.3M NaCl洗脱组分,使用3500Da透析袋常温透析24h,每4h更换一次透析液。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,步骤(5)所述的葡聚糖凝胶型号为Sephadex G100,使用去离子水反复洗脱。
本发明制备得到的板蓝根多糖,扫描电镜形貌特征分析为不规则的球状,质地松散,原子力显微镜显示所述多糖由随机线性链和大量球形聚集组成,在三维图像中具有不同高度的锥形形状。
更进一步的,所述板蓝根多糖经甲基化气相质谱检测的糖醇乙酰酯峰为11个,其中→4)-Galp-UA(1→糖苷键含量最高。
更进一步的,所述板蓝根多糖的1H-NMR图谱中,位于δ4.35-5.27ppm处有11个端基氢质子,13C-NMR图谱中,δ100.68-109.17ppm范围内对应11个端基碳质子。
更进一步的,所述板蓝根多糖经70℃部分酸水解的寡糖图谱由15个聚合度依次增加的寡糖组成,包括两对同分异构体。
有益效果:本发明制备得到的板蓝根多糖通过增加斑马鱼体内巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞数目,减少细胞凋亡和ROS堆积,减少NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等细胞因子的分泌。q-PCR实验证明IRPS-TE-3通过TLR4/MAPK/p38信号通路发挥免疫调节作用。
本发明提供的板蓝根多糖可用于免疫增强产品,包括但不限于疫苗佐剂、功能性食品、免疫用途的保健品或药品。
附图说明
图1为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的分离流程图(A)、在DEAE-52纤维素(B)和SephadexG100(C)凝胶洗脱曲线。
图2为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的绝对分子量图(A)和单糖组成图(B)。
图3为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的扫描电镜图(A)和原子力显微图(B)。
图4为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的甲基化总离子流图。
图5为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的核磁图谱。
图6为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼细胞毒性筛选结果。
图7为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼细胞中性粒细胞荧光密度的影响,A为中性粒细胞,B为巨噬细胞。
图8为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼体内ROS含量(A)和细胞凋亡(B)的影响。
图9为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼体内NO、IL-1β和IL-6含量的影响。
图10为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼肠道切片的影响。
图11为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3对斑马鱼体内TLR4、MAPK、p38和TNF-α蛋白表达的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明采用模式动物斑马鱼进行活性筛选评价试验,从板蓝根多糖中筛选发现了一种具有潜在免疫调节作用的板蓝根多糖组分。
以下对本发明技术方案的具体实施方式详细描述。
1、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3的制备方法
1.1仪器、试剂与材料
板蓝根饮片、胰蛋白酶、DEAE-52纤维素、Sephadex G100、葡聚糖标准品、单糖标准品、氰化硼氢化钠、对氨基苯甲酸乙酯。所有其他化学物质为分析级。真空冷冻干燥机、紫外分光光度计、电子分析天平、离心机、高效液相色谱与示差折光检测器(RID)系统。
1.2IRPS-TE-3的提取分离流程
取2kg板蓝根饮片,加8倍水在100℃回流提取2次,每次2小时,合并提取液,减压浓缩,加入无水乙醇,使其最终乙醇体积浓度达到80%,静置过夜,收集沉淀即为板蓝根粗多糖,命名为IRPS,冷冻干燥。
取200g IRPS溶于1L去离子水中,加入胰蛋白酶使其酶活为500U·mL-1、pH 8.0、酶解时间5h、酶解温度37℃,酶解后立即投入100℃水浴30min灭酶,4000rpm离心15min,然后反复冻融3次脱蛋白,浓缩,冷冻干燥得到的组分命名为IRPS-TE。取1g IRPS-A重溶于去离子水,过0.45μm微孔滤膜,上样于DEAE-52阴离子交换柱(5cm×60cm),静置吸附过夜后,使用去离子水、0.1M NaCl、0.3M NaCl梯度洗脱,收集0.3M NaCl洗脱组分,使用3500Da透析袋常温透析24h,每4h更换一次透析液。浓缩后重复上样Sephadex G100凝胶渗透色谱柱(100cm×3cm)进行纯化,去离子水洗脱,洗脱液采用苯酚-硫酸法进行监测,收集目标组分,浓缩后重复上述Sephadex G100凝胶渗透色谱分离操作,得到目标多糖IRPS-TE-3。图1为板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3在DEAE-52纤维素(A)和Sephadex G100(B)凝胶洗脱曲线。
2、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3组成分析
2.1、IRPS-TE-3糖醛酸、总多糖和蛋白含量的测定分析
分别配制1mg/mL板蓝根多糖和IRPS-TE-3组分,采用苯酚硫酸法测定总糖含量,以葡萄糖为标准品;采用间羟基联苯法测定糖醛酸含量,以葡萄糖醛酸为标准品;采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质含量,以牛血清蛋白为标准;葡萄糖标准曲线回归方程为y=5.0283x+0.0896,线性相关系数R2=0.9923;葡萄糖醛酸标准曲线回归方程为y=2.2054x+0.0243,R2=0.9921;牛血清蛋白标准曲线回归方程为:y=18.563x+0.5157,R2=0.9977。IRPS-TE-3组分的理化性质测定结果如表1。
表1:IRPS-TE-3组分糖醛酸、总多糖和蛋白含量表
多糖组分 | 中性多糖(%) | 糖醛酸(%) | 蛋白(%) |
IRPS-TE-3 | 21.89±0.65 | 77.58±0.47 | 0.80±0.03 |
2.2、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3纯度和分子量测定
将样品溶解在0.1M NaNO3水溶液(含0.02% NaN3,w/w)中,使其浓度为1mg/mL。采用采用的凝胶色谱-示差-多角度激光光散射系统,液相系统为U3000(Thermo,USA),示差检测器为Optilab T-rEX(Wyatt technology,CA,USA),激光光散射检测器为DAWN HELEOSⅡ(Wyatt technology,CA,USA)。凝胶排阻色谱柱为Ohpak SB-805 HQ(300×8mm)串联OhpakSB-803 HQ(300×8mm)。用流动相(0.02% NaN3,0.1M NaNO3)以流速0.6mL/min洗脱。结果如图2(A)所示,IRPS-TE-3数均分子量(Mn)为11.491kDa;重均分子量(Mw)为56.191kDa,z均分子量(Mz)为338.642kDa,峰值分子量(Mp)为338.642kDa。
2.3、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3单糖组成测定
采用离子色谱仪对IRPS-TE-3的单糖组成进行分析,称取5mg糖样品于耐高温高压玻璃瓶,加入1mL 2mol/L的TFA溶液,121℃条件下水解2小时,通入氮气吹干,加入甲醇清洗吹干3次,加入超纯水溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,放入液相小瓶中待检测。色谱系统为Thermo ICS5000+离子色谱系统;色谱柱为DionexTMCarboPacTMPA20(150×3.0mm,10μm);流动相:H2O(A)-0.1M NaOH(B)-0.1M NaOH,0.2M NaAc(C),洗脱梯度:0min(95%A:5%B:0%C);1~26min(85%A:5%B:10%C);26~42min(85%A:5%B:10%C);42.1~52min(60%A:40%B:0%);52.1~60min(95%A:5%B:0%C),流速为0.5mL/min,进样量为5μL,柱温30℃。离子色谱图如图图2(B),IRPS-TE-3的单糖组成为岩藻糖,鼠李糖,阿拉伯糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,木糖,半乳糖醛酸,含量分别为0.96%、8.75%、26.52%、9.57%、3.78%、2.72%、47.70%,其中阿拉伯糖和半乳糖醛酸为主要单糖。
2.4、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3形貌特征分析
通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜是分析多糖的形态特征,结果如图3,A为SEM图,B为AFM图。扫描电镜形貌特征分析IRPS-TE-3为不规则的球棒状,质地松散,说明IRPS-TE-3存在复杂的多糖分支结构。在1000×倍数下,IRPS-TE-3呈现的棒状结构,有圆滑的球状,推测纤维状缠绕是由酸性基团聚集所致。原子力显微镜显示IRPS-TE-3由随机线性链和少量球形聚集组成,在三维图像中具有不同高度的锥形形状,表明分子内和分子间的范德华力和氢键作用导致IRPS-TE-3分子自组装成聚集结构。
2.5、板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3甲基化分析
2.5.1甲基化反应
称取IRPS-TE-3样品5.00mg于密封玻璃瓶内,向玻璃瓶中加入4mL DMSO用于溶解,加入1mg NaOH,3h后加入500μL碘甲烷溶液,避光1h。反应完全后加入1mL水和2mL二氯甲烷,涡旋混匀,然后离心弃水相,重复洗3次以除去碘甲烷,吸取下层二氯甲烷相并用氮气吹干,甲基化即完成。
2.5.2水解还原及乙酰化反应
水解:取甲基化后的样品少量,加入100μl 2M TFA在121℃条件下反应90min,30℃挥去TFA。
还原:加入50μL 2M氨水,50μL 1M NaBD4,混匀,室温等待2.5h,加入20μL乙酸,加入甲醇溶解吹干,反复3次。
乙酰化:在上一步反应容器内加入乙酸酐250μL,涡旋混匀,100℃反应2.5h,加入1mL水终止反应,静置10min,加入500μL二氯甲烷,涡旋混匀,离心,弃水相,重复水洗3次,取下层二氯甲烷相,12000r/min离心10min去除沉淀,吸取上清放入气质小瓶等待GC-MS上机检测。
2.5.3色谱条件
气相系统为Agilent系统,色谱柱为BPX70(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)。进样量为1μL,分流比10:1,载气为氦气;柱温箱的初始温度为140℃保持2.0min,以3℃/min程序升温至230℃,保持3min。
2.5.4质谱参数
质谱系统为Agilent 5977B四极杆质谱检测系统,采用电子轰击离子源(EI),分析物在全扫描(SCAN)模式下进行检测,质量扫描范围(m/z):50-350。
2.5.5结果
IRPS-TE-3甲基化离子总流图如图4所示,通过相对保留时间和GC-MS碎片模式与CCRC标准谱数据库进行比较,对乙酰化PMAAs进行分析和鉴定。如表2所示,IRPS-TE-3含有11个部分甲基化的乙酸乙二醇酯峰。高含量→4-Gal(p)-UA→残基表明IRPS-TE-3可能是一种酸性多糖。
表2 IRPS-TE-3的糖苷键组成
2.6IRPS-TE-3核磁共振分析
使用D2O溶解IRPS-TE-3使其浓度大于40mg/mL,溶解完全后10000r/min离心10min,吸取0.5mL至核磁管,将核磁管放入Btuker AVANCE NEO 500M核磁共振谱仪中,25℃下扫描一维1H谱、13C谱,二维COSY、HSQC、HMBC和NOESY谱图如图5。1H-NMR谱信号主要用于判断多糖结构中糖苷键的构型,通常多糖在1H-NMR中的信号在δ3.0~6.0ppm。δ4.3~4.8ppm通常为β-糖苷键构型的异头氢信号,δ4.8~5.8ppm为α-糖苷键构型的异头氢信号。如图5(a),IRPS-TE-3的氢谱信号主要集中在δ3.0~5.5ppm之间,在δ4.3-5.4ppm异头信号区共识别到多个偶合信号峰,表明IRPS-TE-3含有多种糖残基,对应异头氢的化学位移分别为δ5.19、5.09、5.02、4.86和4.58ppm等,说明IRPS-TE-3含有α和β两种构型的糖苷键。非异头氢信号主要集中在δ3.1~4.2ppm区域,其中δ4.71ppm附近的强信号峰为溶剂峰。1H-NMR谱信号分布范围狭窄,获得信息有限。各糖残基的H2-H6化学位移COSY和HSQC。如图5(b)13C-NMR谱图所示,IRPS-TE-3在异头碳区域有多个信号峰,13C-NMR谱和HSQC谱(5(e))异头区域的交叉峰有6个:δ5.02/99.56、δ5.02/107.51、δ4.86/100.3、δ5.09/107.08、δ4.58/104.35和δ5.19/106.4ppm,分别记为糖残基A、B、C、D、E和F。结合样品键合结构(甲基化)信息、糖残基归属具体结果如表格3。综合一维核磁和二维核磁信息以及甲基化结果分析,推断出该多糖主要是由→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→,→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→和少量→2,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→等相互连接形成主链,支链主要由α-L-Araf-(1→、α-L-Araf-(1→与→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→相互连接后连接在糖残基→2,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→的O-2位置构成,因此,推测该多糖链可能的结构如图5(g)。
表3 IRPS-TE-3的糖残基1H和13C的化学位移
实例2板蓝根多糖的免疫调节活性
1、实验材料与药物
1.1、药物和试剂
板蓝根购自亳州紫瑞药业(批号248210808)中性红(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,C11611183);盐酸左旋咪唑、氯霉素、羧甲基纤维素钠、苯基硫脲(上海源叶生物科技有限公司,N16HS201037、M23HS179080、J14HS173796、S26GS160906);IL-6、IL-1β试剂盒(湖南艾方生物科技有限公司,AF20230907、AF20230910),NO试剂盒(碧云天生物科技有限公司,052223231013)H2DCFDA(DCFH-DA探针)(美国GLPBIO,4091-99-0)。
1.2、实验仪器
多功能酶标仪ENSPIRE(美国PerkinElmer有限公司);低温高速离心机Z323K(德国Beckman公司);爱生(ESEN)牌小型水体循环单元ESEN-AW-RC2-SS(北京爱生科技发展有限公司);BSG-300光照培养箱(博迅(BOXUN)生物仪器);体式荧光显微镜DFC17000T(莱卡显微系统(Leica Microsystems))。
1.3、实验动物
中性粒细胞荧光标记的转基因Tg(lyz:DsRed)系斑马鱼和野生型AB系斑马鱼均购自南京尧顺禹生物技术有限公司。饲养环境按照明暗14h/10h控光,水温(28±0.5)℃,每天喂食新鲜丰年虾两次。斑马鱼前一天晚上按照雌雄比例1:2于产卵缸中配对产卵,次日上午8:00抽板,2h后收取受精卵培养成幼鱼用于后续试验。
2、实验方法和结果
2.1、IRPS-TE-3毒性筛选
取斑野生型AB系马鱼刚生产胚胎于24孔板上,每孔10个胚胎,设IRPS-TE-63暴露浓度为0、15.62、31.25、62.5、125、250、500、1000μg/mL,每个浓度3个复孔共30个胚胎,每24h观察记录死亡情况,共记录72h,实验重复3次,计算3次死亡率平均值并用Graph PadPrism 8.0.2软件进行“浓度-效应”曲线拟合得出IC50数据结果如图6,随着多糖暴露浓度的增加,死亡率逐渐上升,以浓度的Log值为横坐标,死亡率为纵坐标,用Graph Pad Prism8.0.2软件拟合得到IRPS-TE-3组分的IC50为466.7μg·mL-1。
2.2、斑马鱼分组及给药
随机选择发育至3dpf的健康幼鱼,设置空白组、模型组、阳性药组及50、100、200、μg·mL-1的IRPS-TE-3给药组于12孔板(30个胚胎/孔),每孔放入10条幼鱼。空白对照组每孔给予4mL胚胎培养水,模型组给予150μg·mL-1的氯霉素(chloramphenicol,CAP)溶液,阳性药组给予100μg·mL-1盐酸左旋咪唑(levamisole hydrochloride,LH),每孔终体积为4mL。除空白组外,其余各组均加入CAP使终浓度为150μg·mL-1。每个浓度设置3个复孔,在28℃恒温培养箱中培养。
2.3、中性粒细胞密度
依照2.2项下方法,给药24h后,将斑马鱼侧体位置于载玻片上,3%羧甲基纤维素钠固定,在体式荧光显微镜下每组随机采集10条斑马鱼的荧光显微照片,用Image-ProPlus 6.0软件处理后得的荧光强度来表示免疫细胞密度。如图7(A)模型与空白相比,斑马鱼免疫细胞荧光强度显著降低,说明CAP给药后斑马鱼幼鱼形成了免疫抑制模型;与模型组相比,IRPS-TE-3在50~200μg·mL-1免疫细胞密度升高,且IRPS-TE-3浓度越高,荧光强度越大,呈现剂量依赖性,表明IRPS-TE-3可以增加免疫低下的斑马鱼免疫细胞数目。
2.4、巨噬细胞数目
将胚胎收集到含200μM苯基硫脲的胚胎养鱼水中发育至3dpf。依照2.2项下方法给药,于给药24h后吸尽药液,加入含中性红染液浓度为3μg·mL-1的胚胎养鱼水,避光染色30min,洗净表面染色液,用体式显微拍照统计斑马鱼头部巨噬细胞数目。如图7(B)模型组与空组相比,斑马鱼头部巨噬细胞数目明显减少降低;与模型组相比50~200μg·mL-1IRPS-TE-3均能使斑马鱼头部巨噬细胞数目增加,且呈现剂量依赖性。
2.5、DCFH-DA探针染色
依照2.2项下方法给药,于给药24h后吸尽药液,加入含DCFH-DA探针5μM的胚胎水,避光染色1h,洗净表面探针,用体式显微拍照,Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件统计ROS荧光强度,如图8(A)模型组与空白组相比,ROS荧光强度明显增强,表示含量增加;50~200μg·mL- 1IRPS-TE-3使斑马鱼ROS含量下降,且呈现剂量依赖性。
2.6、吖啶橙染色
依照2.2项下方法给药,于给药24h后吸尽药液,幼鱼经5μg/mL吖啶橙染色30min后,用胚胎培养液洗涤,检测凋亡细胞。使用吖啶橙染色探究斑马鱼细胞凋亡,结果如图8所示,箭头所指的强荧光斑点表示凋亡细胞,用荧光斑点的个数代指凋亡细胞数目。可以看到,CAP造模后斑马鱼全身的凋亡细胞数量增加,经统计CAP组凋亡细胞数为空白组的184.96%。给IRPS-TE-3干预后,凋亡细胞数减少,与阳性药LH一致。IRPS-TE-3剂量为50、100、200μg·mL-1时,凋亡细胞数为CAP组的82.11%、66.26%和43.09%。同等剂量下,减少细胞凋亡的能力排序为IRPS-TE-3>IRPS-TE-2>IRPS-TE-1。本实验的结果表明CAP诱导斑马鱼细胞凋亡,而IRPS-TE-3可以减少细胞凋亡。
2.7、NO、IL-6和IL-1β含量
依照2.2项下方法给药,每个浓度重复6个样本,每个样本收集100条鱼,在28℃恒温培养箱中培养24h后收取每个培养皿中的幼鱼于1.5mL离心管中,放置在冰上低温使幼鱼死亡沉降,吸走药液并用生理盐水清洗3次,加入生理盐水至0.5mL刻度线,加入磁珠用匀浆机破碎,离心并吸取上清液,按照NO试剂盒和ELISA试剂检测炎性细胞因子NO、IL-6和IL-1β的含量。
IL-6和IL-1β是由巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞分泌的炎症因子,在细胞和体液免疫中起着十分重要的作用,机体受到外界病原体入侵或是免疫系统受到损伤都能导致炎症因子水平提高。NO被认为是巨噬细胞产生的主要效应分子之一,是评价巨噬细胞吞噬功能的重要指标。如图9,CAP造模后,斑马鱼体内IL-6、IL-1β和NO含量显著升;分别为空白组的195.01%、184.94%和188.95%。给予阳性药LH后下降值CAP组的61.20%、54.00%和56.16%,板蓝根多糖IRPS-TE-3作用与LH相类似,可以减少NO、IL-6和IL-1β含量。这些数据说明IRPS-TE-3可以将免疫损伤的斑马鱼体内NO、IL-6和IL-1β分泌回调至正常水平而发挥免疫调节作用。
2.8、肠道HE染色
随机选择成年斑马鱼每组3只,根据鱼类饲料含药添加量,定制含药饲料为低剂量组2mg/g,中剂量组4mg/g,高剂量组8mg/g,阳性药LH饲料含药量为3.5mg/g,以饲料添加给药的方式连续15天,第14天停止喂食。第15天将斑马鱼麻醉后处死取肠,固定在4%的多聚甲醛中过夜,然后在乙醇中脱水。取中肠部分石蜡包埋,切成3μm的切片,用苏木精和伊红染色(HE染色)通过显微镜扫描图像,对斑马鱼肠道的形态进行评分,评分标准如表4,分别是炎症浸润(0-3分)、绒毛水肿情况(0-3分)、绒毛形状和脱落情况(0-3分)、隐窝破坏情况(0-3分)。斑马鱼的肠上皮和粘膜紧密连接形成的肠粘膜是斑马鱼体内最大的免疫器官,其功能损坏后导致病原体和病菌从肠道入侵,导致机体炎症。肠道HE染色结果和评分结果如图10,Control组肠粘膜和平滑肌结构完整,肠绒毛呈柱状向肠腔整齐排列,肠粘膜上皮细胞完整,未见脱落组织;CAP造模组肠粘膜结构受损,黏膜肌层与固有层界限不清晰,有炎性浸润(黑色箭头所指),绒毛水肿,肠绒毛皱缩变短,柱状细胞排列紊乱(绿色箭头所指),肠粘膜上皮细胞脱落(黄色箭头所指)。多糖给药后,随着剂量增加,当IRPS-TE-3多糖剂量达到200μg·mL-1时,肠粘膜上皮细胞未见脱落,肠绒毛水肿减轻,呈柱状向肠腔整齐排列,肠屏障得到修复。
表4肠道切片HE评分标准
2.9 q-PCR
2.9.1引物设计
在NCBI中查找目的基因,根据目的基因到NCBIPrimer BLAST中设计所需引物序列,提交至上海生工生物工程有限公司合成,引物如表5。
表5 q-PCR引物序列
2.9.2总RNA提取
按照“2.7”所述方法给药,每个浓度重复3个孔,在28℃恒温培养箱中培养24h后收取每个培养皿中的幼鱼于无菌无酶的1.5mL离心管中,放置在冰上低温使幼鱼死亡沉降,吸走药液并用生理盐水清洗3次,用2μL移液枪尽可能吸干生理盐水,按照总RNA提取试剂盒说明书,使用磁珠法提取总RNA。采用NanoDrap测定所得到的RNA浓度,保存在-80℃冰箱中。
2.9.3 cDNA逆转录和qPCR扩增
按照逆转录试剂盒操作得到cDNA,按照引物说明书将引物溶解,并直接稀释至所需浓度,分装至-80℃冰箱备用以减少冻融次数;按照qPCR试剂盒说明书加入所需试剂,点于96孔裙边板,使用ABI7500序列扩增系统扩增检测MAPK8、TLR4、P38和TNF-α的表达,以GAPDH为内参采用2-ΔΔCt法进行定量。
2.9.4结果
本实验通过q-PCR法探究板蓝根多糖免疫体调节作用机制。结果如图11可知,CAP造模后,斑马鱼体内TLR4基因表达水平降低,MAPK8、p38和TNF-α表达升高,各药物组趋势与阳性药LH一致,表现为TLR4受体基因表达升高,而MAPK8、p38和TNF-α表达降低。本实验结果表明,板蓝根多糖通过TLR4受体和MAPK8/p38信号通路调节斑马鱼的免疫反应,TLR4是板蓝根多糖免疫调节活性的明确分子靶标。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖,其特征在于,所述板蓝根多糖由质量百分含量为0.96%、8.75%、26.52%、9.57%、3.78%、2.72%、47.70%的岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸构成,其数均分子量(Mn)为11.491kDa;重均分子量(Mw)为56.191kDa,z均分子量(Mz)为338.642kDa,峰值分子量(Mp)为338.642kDa。Polydispersity分散系数为4.890。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖,其特征在于,该多糖主要是由→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→,→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→和少量→2,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→相互连接形成主链;支链主要由α-L-Araf-(1→、α-L-Araf-(1→与→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→相互连接后连接在糖残基→2,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→的O-2位置构成;结合单糖组成和甲基化结果综合分析,该多糖中还含有少量→2,3)-α-L-Rhap(1→。
3.权利要求1或2所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取板蓝根饮片,加水提取,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到浓缩液;
(2)将(1)所述浓缩液加入乙醇进行醇沉,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤后,冷冻干燥,得沉淀产物;
(3)将步骤(2)沉淀产物溶于水中,加入胰蛋白酶水解脱蛋白,反复冻融3次,冷冻干燥;
(4)将干燥产物再次溶于水中,上样于DEAE-52阴离子交换柱,依次用去离子水、0.1MNaCl、0.3M NaCl洗脱,分别收集各个组分,使用3500Da透析袋进行透析,得透析产物,冷冻干燥;
(5)将步骤(4)中0.3M NaCl洗脱组分的冷冻干燥产物再次溶于去离子水中,上样至Sephadex G100用去离子水洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,冷冻干燥,即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取板蓝根饮片加8~16倍的去离子水提取1~3次,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到浓缩液;
(2)将所述浓缩液,加入无水乙醇,使其最终乙醇体积浓度达到70~80%,收集沉淀,冷冻干燥得沉淀产物;
(3)将沉淀产物溶于水中,加入胰蛋白酶酶解脱蛋白、反复冻融离心除去蛋白,冷冻干燥。
(4)将干燥产物再次溶于水中,上样于DEAE-52阴离子交换柱,依次用去离子水、0.1MNaCl、0.3M NaCl洗脱,分别收集各个组分,使用3500Da透析袋进行透析,得透析产物,冷冻干燥;
(5)将步骤(4)中0.3M NaCl洗脱组分的冷冻干燥产物再次溶于去离子水中,上样至Sephadex G100用去离子水洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,冷冻干燥,即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1),取板蓝根饮片,加8倍的水煎煮或回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将所得水提液进行浓缩,得到水溶性组分。
6.根据权利要求(3)所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的胰蛋白酶酶活500U·mL-1、pH 8.0~8.2、酶解时间5h、酶解温度35~37℃,酶解后立即投入100℃水浴20min灭酶,4000rpm离心15min,然后反复冻融3次。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的离子交换树脂型号为DEAE-52,吸附时间12h,洗脱速度为1d/s,使用去离子水、0.1M NaCl、0.3M NaCl梯度洗脱,收集0.3M NaCl洗脱组分,使用3500Da透析袋常温透析24h,每4h更换一次透析液;步骤(5)所述的葡聚糖凝胶型号为Sephadex G100,使用去离子水反复洗脱。
8.权利要求1或2所述的具有免疫调节功能的板蓝根多糖在制备提高免疫力的保健品或药品中的应用。
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