CN114539441B - 一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114539441B CN114539441B CN202210305707.8A CN202210305707A CN114539441B CN 114539441 B CN114539441 B CN 114539441B CN 202210305707 A CN202210305707 A CN 202210305707A CN 114539441 B CN114539441 B CN 114539441B
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- inonotus obliquus
- polysaccharide
- glucan
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,特别是涉及一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
桦褐孔菌(Inonotus Obliquus),又称桦树茸,白桦茸,属真菌门、担子菌亚门、层菌纲、非褐菌目、多孔菌科、褐卧孔菌属。16世纪以来,桦褐孔菌就被俄罗斯国家用于各种疾病治疗,经过长期民间摸索,桦褐孔菌被证实对常见慢性疾病,如糖尿病、心脏病等有较好疗效,1955年后俄罗斯就对桦褐孔菌的抗癌特性进行系统研究,发现其对消化系统的癌症有较好的治疗潜力。
胰腺癌是胰腺的外分泌性腺癌,该病的早期诊断十分困难,是胰腺恶性肿瘤中最常见的一种,且恶性程度极高,多数病例发现时已存在远处转移和/或周围器官侵犯,5年生存率低于5%,在恶性肿瘤中国已上升至第四位致死原因。我国近年来胰腺癌发病率及死亡率逐年上升,城市发病率高于农村,约为农村3倍。目前针对胰腺癌无明显有效的治疗手段,若能早期诊断明确进行局部彻底切除尚有潜在治愈可能。但即使病人及早发现病情进行手术切除,术后进行放疗及化学治疗,5年生存率仍不乐观,在15%~40%之间。研究表明,天然多糖具有很好的抗肿瘤生物活性,因此,从桦褐孔菌中发掘具有抗胰腺癌活性的多糖,对于该药用菌的开发利用具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖及其制备方法和应用,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖结构新颖,抗胰腺肿瘤活性强,安全性高。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖,所述葡聚糖的结构式如下所示:
本发明还提供一种上述的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)利用水提醇沉法从桦褐孔菌子实体中提取得到桦褐孔菌粗多糖;
(2)利用溶剂萃取法脱去步骤(1)得到桦褐孔菌粗多糖中的蛋白,之后通过透析截留分子量3500Da以上成分,得到脱蛋白后粗糖;
(3)所述脱蛋白后粗糖通过DEAE-52纤维柱进行纯化,得到纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖;
(4)所述纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖上Sephadex G-100凝胶柱,用蒸馏水洗脱,控制流速0.5mL/min,得到所述桦褐孔菌葡聚糖。
进一步地,在步骤(1)中,所述水提醇沉法的具体操作包括:取桦褐孔菌子实体,加入去离子水进行浸提,得到浸提液,所述浸提液浓缩后,加入乙醇,析出桦褐孔菌粗多糖。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述溶剂萃取法所用溶剂为Sevage试剂,即正丁醇和氯仿按体积比为1:4配制。
进一步地,在步骤(3)中,所述纯化的具体操作包括:将所述脱蛋白后粗糖溶于水中,上样于DEAE-52纤维层析柱中,然后分别用蒸馏水、0.05mol/LNaCl、0.1mol/LNaCl、0.2mol/LNaCl进行分段洗脱,控制流速1.0mL/min,分别收集洗脱液,合并多糖洗脱部位,得到纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖。
本发明还提供一种治疗肿瘤的组合物,所述组合物包括上述的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖和盐酸吉西他滨。
进一步地,所述肿瘤为人胰腺癌。
本发明还提供上述的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖或组合物在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
进一步地,所述肿瘤为人胰腺癌。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明通过大量实验优选提取分离工艺,首先采取水提醇沉法得到粗多糖,再脱蛋白,然后DEAE-52纤维素树脂和Sephadex G-100凝胶树脂联用进行纯化,制得纯度高的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖,结构测定为一种新的多糖。
经过抗肿瘤实验结果表明,本发明提供的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖具有很好的抗胰腺癌肿瘤活性,并且安全性高无毒副作用,可以方便和药学上可接受的载体制备成各种剂型的药物,临床上服用方便。
本发明制备的桦褐孔菌葡聚糖和盐酸吉西他滨联合应用,具有协同效果,对肿瘤具有更优异的抑制效果,能够减少化疗药物的用量,降低化疗药物的不良反应。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的红外光谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖分别在20μm、100μm、300μm和500μm下的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的1H核磁共振谱;
图4为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的13C核磁共振谱;
图5为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的2D COSY核磁共振谱;
图6为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的2D NOESY核磁共振谱;
图7为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的2D HSQC核磁共振谱;
图8为实施例1制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的2D HMBC核磁共振谱;
图9为AsPC-1细胞的线粒体膜电位图;
图10为AsPC-1细胞增值图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
1.桦褐孔菌多糖的制备
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)粗多糖的提取
取桦褐孔菌黑精子实体300g,按照固液比1:25加入7.5L纯净水,在95℃浸渍提取3次,每次6h,滤过,合并滤液后于95℃旋转蒸发浓缩至2L,加入无水乙醇至乙醇浓度为75%,4℃静置12h后滤取沉淀,冷冻干燥后得桦褐孔菌粗多糖。
(2)粗多糖脱蛋白
取步骤(1)制备得到的桦褐孔菌粗多糖,完全溶解于1.5L纯净水中,加入1/3体积的Sevage试剂(按体积比,正丁醇:氯仿=1:4)于水平摇床摇6h后置于分液漏斗中静置6h,得上清多糖液再次重复上述方法脱蛋白直至分液漏斗最下一相透明,旋转蒸发浓缩,浓缩液透析,截留分子量3500Da以上成分,得除蛋白的粗制糖溶液。
(3)DEAE-52纤维柱层析
取步骤(2)制备得到的粗多糖溶液冻干得到固体,按20mg溶于水中上样于DEAE-52纤维层析柱中,然后分别用:蒸馏水、0.05mol/L NaCl、0.05mol/L NaCl、0.1mol/L NaCl、0.2mol/L NaCl进行分段洗脱,控制流速1.0mL/min,分别收集洗脱液,采用硫酸—苯酚法跟踪检测多糖部位,合并多糖洗脱部位。
(4)Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析
取步骤(3)经DEAE-52纤维柱纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖上Sephadex G-100凝胶柱,用蒸馏水洗脱,控制流速0.5mL/min,采用硫酸—苯酚跟踪检测,得精制的桦褐孔菌多糖,编号IOP1-1。
2.桦褐孔菌多糖的结构分析
(1)桦褐孔菌多糖的红外分析
取“1.桦褐孔菌多糖的制备”制得的桦褐孔菌多糖(1.8mg)用KBr(190mg)压片于4000~400cm-1范围内进行扫描。如图1所示,红外光谱中,在3390cm-1吸收处的峰值表明糖链具有分子间和内部的氢键,它也被分配为O-H拉伸振动。在2920cm-1处的峰代表了C-H的不对称吸收。在近1730cm-1处没有显示出葡萄糖醛酸的吸收,提示IOP1-1可能是一种中性多糖。在1640cm-1和1410cm-1处观察到的峰分别是由于C-O的不对称和对称拉伸振动。此外,1200~1000cm-1是碳水化合物的指纹面积,1160cm-1和1030cm-1处的峰分别是C-O-H和C-O-C拉伸振动的特征。在923cm-1和847cm-1处的峰表明,桦褐孔菌多糖含有β-和α-连接的糖基残基。以上数据均为此多糖的特征吸收峰。
(2)桦褐孔菌多糖的分子量测定
(2.1)色谱条件:色谱柱:Shodex OH-pak SB-805,804和803串联凝胶柱(8×300mm);流速:0.4mL/min,柱温:45℃;进样量:100μL;检测器:DAWN HELEOS-II激光光度计(He-Ne激光,λ=663.7nm)。
(2.2)多糖分子量测定
采用SEC-MALLS-RI法测量多糖组分的均一性和分子量(Mw)。桦褐孔菌多糖在含有0.02%NaNO3的0.1M NaNO3水溶液中的浓度为1mg/mL,通过0.45μm孔径的过滤器过滤。由以下公式可知MW=6.886kDa:
n是溶剂的折射率;K为光学常数;λ0为真空中激光波长;NA是阿伏伽德罗数字;Rθ是瑞利比;A2是第二维里系数;c是质量浓度;dn/dc是折射率增量。
(3)多糖的单糖组成
(3.1)色谱条件:色谱系统采用的是ThermoICS5000离子色谱系统,采用DionexTMCarboPacTMPA20(150*3.0mm,10μm)液相色谱柱;进样量为5μL。流动相A(0.1MNaOH),流动相B(0.1MNaOH,0.2MNaAc),流速0.5mL/min;柱温为30℃;洗脱梯度:0minA相/B相(95:5V/V),30minA相/B相(80:20V/V),30.1minA相/B相(60:40V/V),45minA相/B相(60:40V/V),45.1minA相/B相(95:5V/V),60minA相/B相(95:5V/V)。
(3.2)多糖的单糖组成
选用岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸和古罗糖醛酸作为单糖标品。取干净的色谱瓶,精确称量桦褐孔菌多糖5mg,加入1mL 2M TFA酸溶液,105℃加热6小时。通氮气,吹干。加入甲醇清洗,再吹干,重复甲醇清洗2-3次。加入无菌水溶解,转入色谱瓶中检测,结果表明桦褐孔菌多糖由葡萄糖组成,此多糖为一种葡聚糖。
(4)扫描电镜观察
将桦褐孔菌多糖紧贴于导电碳膜双面胶上放入离子溅射仪样品台上进行喷金30s左右,制得的样品放在样品台上,使用扫描电镜在不同放缩倍数下观察形态。此多糖扫描电镜图如图2所示。
(5)甲基化分析
甲基化方法为:
①称取样品(10mg)溶解在1mL无菌水中,连续1mL 100mg/mL碳二亚胺搅拌2小时。然后加入一个1mL 2M的咪唑,将溶液平均分为两部分:加入1mL硼氢化钠或1mLNaBD4,均为30mg/mL,等待3h。最后,加入100μL冰醋酸终止反应。透析48h并甲基化后,样品被冻干。
②将样品置于500μLDMSO中溶解,加入1mg氢氧化钠孵育30min,加入50μL甲基碘化物反应1h。然后用1mL水和2mL二氯甲烷萃取3次,收集较低的相。产物用2M三氟乙酸(TFA)在121℃下水解1.5h,30℃下干燥。然后,加入50μL 1MNaBD4和50μL 2M氨,混合,室温孵育2.5h。加入20μL乙酸终止反应后,用氮气干燥,然后用250μL甲醇洗涤两次,再干燥。
③然后立即加入250μL顺氢化物,混合,100℃反应2.5h。加入一个1mL的水,然后放置10min。最后,加入500μL二氯甲烷,混合,样品离心弃水相,重复水洗3次,取下层二氯甲烷相,上机检测。
GC/MS条件:色谱系统采用的是Agilent气象色谱系统,进样量为1μL,分流比10:1,载气为高纯氦气;柱温箱的初始温度为140℃保持2.0min,以3℃/min程序升温至230℃,保持3min。
甲基化测定结果表明,本发明提取分离得到的桦褐孔菌多糖的组成单元为t-Glc(p),3-Glc(p),2-Glc(p),6-Glc(p),4-Glc(p),3,4-Glc(p),2,3-Glc(p),2,4-Glc(p),3,6-Glc(p),4,6-Glc(p),2,6-Glc(p)和3,4,6-Glc(p),上述单元的摩尔比为23.3:3.0:2.6:14.6:41.4:1.6:0.8:1.7:2.9:5.4:2.2:0.6。
(6)桦褐孔菌多糖的一维和二维图谱分析
将适量的纯化多糖用500μL氧化氘(D2O)完全溶解,配置成大于或等于30mg/mL的溶液,转移到核磁管(3.5~4cm)。使用Bruker 500MHz喷射仪在室温25℃下记录了高分辨率的1H(图3)、13C(图4)和2D(COSY(图5)、NOESY(图6)、HSQC(图7)和HMBC(图8))核磁共振谱。图3中δ4.87、4.8、4.77、4.63和图4中δ102.82、101.29分别为多糖的异头质子和异头碳的信号。结合甲基化结果、红外分析结果和文献资料,例如信号δ99.51/3.60可以归属于→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→;δ99.51/3.63归属于→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→和→4,6)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→;δ99.51/3.33归属于→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→和→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→;δ99.51/4.20归属于→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→和→3,6)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→;δ99.51/4.44归属于→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→和→3,6)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→;δ98.6/3.6归属于α-D-Glcp-(1→和→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→。
结合HMBC和NOESY,对多糖所有糖苷键信号进行归属,如下表1:
表1 IOP1-1组分的氢、碳信号归属
本实施例制备的桦褐孔菌多糖的结构式如下:
实施例2桦褐孔菌多糖的抗肿瘤活性实验
1材料与试剂
1.1主要试剂RPMI-1640培养基、小牛血清、胰蛋白酶、JC-10检测试剂盒:Solarbio公司;CCK-8:Beyotime公司;
1.2实验用细胞株人转移胰腺癌AsPC-1购于ATCC。
2方法
2.1人转移胰腺癌细胞培养于RPMI-1640培养液(含青霉素100U/mL;链霉素100U/mL;10%胎牛血清),置于37℃,5%CO2恒温培养箱中培养,取对数生长期的细胞进行实验。
2.2桦褐孔菌多糖对线粒体膜电位的影响:取对数生长期的细胞按1×105/mL的细胞密度接种于激光共聚焦细胞培养皿,6小时后更换培养液,采用不同浓度的本发明实施例1制备得到的桦褐孔菌多糖(0、200μg/mL、400μg/mL、800μg/mL)对其进行干预,同时设置CCCP(10mM)阳性对照。每个浓度均设3个皿,混合均匀后,置于培养箱中孵育24h,阳性组吸出培养液后用CCCP处理细胞于培养箱20min,之后对所有皿进行处理,吸出培养液后,加入1mL新培养液,再加入1mL JC-10染色工作液,混匀后置于培养箱中培养20min;吸除培养液后用缓冲液洗涤培养皿两次,再加入2mL细胞培养液,在莱卡LSM710/780激光共聚焦显微镜上荧光观察拍照,如图9所示随着给药浓度的增大,线粒体膜电位不断降低,这是细胞凋亡的早期特征表现。
考察桦褐孔菌多糖和盐酸吉西他滨两种药物单独和协同对AsPC-1(人转移胰腺腺癌细胞)细胞的治疗效果。
细胞培养:在培养瓶中复苏AsPC-1(人转移胰腺腺癌细胞)细胞,将培养瓶放置于37℃5%CO2的培养箱中培养,细胞贴壁后进行传代或冻存操作。
种板:待细胞处于对数生长期时,用PBS缓冲液(磷酸根浓度0.01M,pH为7.2~7.4)洗涤两次。加入1mL 0.25%的胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化细胞1~2min,然后加入2mL含10%胎牛血清及1%的双抗(青霉素和链霉素)的RPMI-1640培养液终止消化,1000rpm离心3min,将贴壁细胞完全吹打下来,通过血球细胞计数板计数,以每孔100μL的量接种于96孔板中,每孔细胞数控制在5000个,置于培养箱中培养24h。
CCK-8实验加药:将桦褐孔菌多糖(IOP1-1)、脂多糖(LPS)用RPMI-1640培养液溶解稀释,得到不同浓度的药物及其组合溶液,LPS溶液浓度为2μg/mL,将不同组的溶液加入到96孔板的相应孔中,每个组设3个复孔,设置不加细胞和药物的空白组和不加药物的对照组,处理24h后,各组弃掉并更换培养基,再每孔加入10μL CCK-8试剂,震荡混匀于培养箱中培养2h,使用酶标仪在450nm处测定吸光度,结果如图10。
各组的细胞活力计算:细胞活力(%)=(OD样品-OD空白)×100/(OD对照-OD空白)
不同浓度的桦褐孔菌多糖组分和盐酸吉西他滨及其组合处理后的AsPC-1细胞的细胞活力如下表2所示:
表2不同浓度的IOP1-1和盐酸吉西他滨及其组合处理后的AsPC-1细胞活(n=3)
药物组合 | 细胞活力(%) |
0μg/mL IOP1-1+0μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 100±0.41 |
0μg/mL IOP1-1+20μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 66.1±5.49 |
400μg/mL IOP1-1+0μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 78.2±2.24 |
800μg/mL IOP1-1+0μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 66.5±4.12 |
400μg/mL IOP1-1+20μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 62.8±16.84 |
800μg/mL IOP1-1+20μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨 | 39.1±3.96 |
从表2中可以看出,多糖组分对AsPC-1肿瘤细胞具有优异的治疗效果,IOP1-1和盐酸吉西他滨联合应用对肿瘤具有更优异的抑制效果,且800μg/mL IOP1-1+20μg/mL盐酸吉西他滨在抑制ASPC-1细胞方面具有协同效果,能够减少化疗药物的用量,降低化疗药物的不良反应。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种桦褐孔菌葡聚糖在制备人胰腺癌治疗药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述桦褐孔菌葡聚糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)利用水提醇沉法从桦褐孔菌子实体中提取得到桦褐孔菌粗多糖;
(2)利用溶剂萃取法脱去步骤(1)得到桦褐孔菌粗多糖中的蛋白,之后通过透析截留分子量3500 Da以上成分,得到脱蛋白后粗糖;
(3)所述脱蛋白后粗糖通过DEAE-52纤维柱进行纯化,得到纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖;
(4)所述纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖上Sephadex G-100凝胶柱,用蒸馏水洗脱,控制流速0.5 mL/min,得到所述桦褐孔菌葡聚糖;
在步骤(3)中,所述纯化的具体操作包括:将所述脱蛋白后粗糖溶于水中,上样于DEAE-52纤维层析柱中,然后分别用蒸馏水、0.05 mol/L NaCl、0.1 mol/L NaCl、0.2 mol/L NaCl进行分段洗脱,控制流速1.0 mL/min,分别收集洗脱液,合并多糖洗脱部位,得到纯化后的桦褐孔菌多糖;
所述桦褐孔菌葡聚糖的分子量为6.886kDa。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述水提醇沉法的具体操作包括:取桦褐孔菌子实体,加入去离子水进行浸提,得到浸提液,所述浸提液浓缩后,加入乙醇,析出桦褐孔菌粗多糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述溶剂萃取法所用溶剂为Sevage试剂,即正丁醇和氯仿按体积比为1:4配制。
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