CN1181780A - 纤维状聚脲润滑脂 - Google Patents

纤维状聚脲润滑脂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1181780A
CN1181780A CN96193357A CN96193357A CN1181780A CN 1181780 A CN1181780 A CN 1181780A CN 96193357 A CN96193357 A CN 96193357A CN 96193357 A CN96193357 A CN 96193357A CN 1181780 A CN1181780 A CN 1181780A
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Prior art keywords
amine
allophanamide
viscosifying agent
fatty aliphatic
fibrous
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CN96193357A
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CN1069919C (zh
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J·C·鲁特
M·鲍姆
W·莱斯利
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co
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Abstract

本文公开了含基础油和由甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物组成的纤维状双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂。

Description

纤维状聚脲润滑脂
本发明涉及含基础油和包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物的双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂。更具体地说，本发明涉及含基础油和包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物的第一种双脲稠化剂及包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺的反应产物的第二种双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂。
多年来，已研制了各种不同用途的润滑脂。所谓纤维状钡基润滑脂是粘性的和有粘着性的，由于它们的高使用张力已被用来防止拖挂装置和铁路车钩中金属与金属间的接触磨损。在某些地方，为了避免在处理这类钡基润滑脂时损害环境，它们已被禁用。这些纤维状钡基润滑脂通常具有满意的预期用途，但它们也有缺点，即纤维状钡基润滑脂用于高温时会产生漏失现象，并在容器中贮存时往往会变硬。因此，有必要提供更符合环保要求的纤维状润滑脂。
Yasui等人的专利4668411从正反两方面讨论了在第1栏第43行至第2栏第5行中所列的各种双脲润滑脂。简单地说，该参考文献指出了双烃基脲在下列情况下会出现的缺点：
(1)如果两个烃基基团都是至少12个碳原子的烷基，润滑脂明显地发软，因而不适用于高温条件：
(2)如果两个烃基基团都是至多为11个碳原子的烷基，润滑脂是呈纤维状的，但在高速条件下容易破裂，因此使用寿命短，以及
(3)如果其中一个烃基是芳基或脂环基，润滑脂在高温条件下的机械稳定性就差，明显地产生漏失以及使用寿命短。
接着，该专利权人提出了如果一个烃基是环己基而另一个是烷基中含8-16个碳原子的单烷基苯基的话，双烃基脲会具有较好的性能。Kinoshita等人的专利4780231或多或少是对Yasui等人专利中观点的一种支持，但该专利提出，如果双脲是由一个伯胺与一个仲胺，并且至少一个胺含环己基基团形成的话，双脲会具有较好的性能。
本发明的一般目的是提供一种不含钡的纤维状润滑脂。本发明更具体的目的是提供一种较纤维状钡基润滑脂漏失倾向低的、在容器中贮存时不易发硬的不含钡的纤维状润滑脂。其它的目的叙述于下文中。
本发明的一般目的可通过采用包含基础油和包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物的双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂而达到。主要由这两种成分组成的润滑脂是呈纤维状的、并有高的滴点，因而可用作纤维状钡基润滑脂的替代品。当稠化剂包含由甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物组成的第一种双脲及包括甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺的反应产物的第二种双脲时，润滑脂是呈纤维状的、并具有高的滴点和耐高温漏失性以及在容器中贮存期间不会变硬。本发明的所有润滑脂可用来防止拖挂装置和铁路车钩中金属与金属的接触磨损。
简单地说，用于本发明中的主要的纤维状双脲稠化剂可通过在基础油中使甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺反应来制备。
用于本发明的适用脂肪脂族胺是C8-C20烷基胺如正辛基胺、2-乙基己基胺、十六烷基胺、十八烷基胺、牛脂胺(C16与C18烷基胺的混合物)，氢化牛脂胺；链烯基胺，如油基胺等。
用于本发明的适用烷基苯基胺包含邻、间或对C1-C4烷基苯基胺，如邻或对甲基苯胺、对乙基苯胺、对异丙基苯胺、对叔丁基苯胺、邻正丁基苯胺等。
纤维状双脲中脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的摩尔比为约9∶1至1∶9，优选2∶3至3∶2。采用基本等当量的脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺可获得最佳的结果。
商品化的甲苯二异氰酸酯(即2，4与2，6二异氰酸酯的混合物)是优选的甲苯二异氰酸酯。
适用于本发明的基础油或流体包括通常用作润滑油基础油的任何油类，如矿物油、聚丁烯、合成油、植物油、动物油等。
通过在基础油或流体中以每当量二异氰酸酯与约0.5-1.5当量的胺反应，并加热至形成凝胶可制得纤维状双脲。例如，可分别将二异氰酸酯及胺分散或悬浮在基础油中，然后将两种分散体或悬浮体混合在一起，并加热至约100°F-350°F，直至它们形成双脲凝胶。
如上所述，纤维状双脲或第一种双脲稠化剂与包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺的反应产物的第二种双脲稠化剂一起使用是优选的。
适用于生成第二种双脲稠化剂的甲苯二异氰酸酯和脂肪脂族胺可以是那些用来生成第一种或纤维状双脲稠化剂的任何甲苯二异氰酸酯和脂肪脂族胺，在每种稠化剂中采用相同的化合物是优选的。
供形成第二种双脲稠化剂的适用环烷基胺包括环己基胺、甲基环己基胺、乙基环己基胺、N，N-二环己基胺等。
第二种双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与环烷基胺的摩尔比为约9∶1-1∶9，优选2∶3-3∶2。采用基本上等当量的脂肪脂族胺与环烷基胺可获得最佳的结果。
通过在基础油或流体中以每当量二异氰酸酯与约0.5-1.5当量的胺反应，并加热至形成凝胶，优选在剪切条件下，可制得第二种双脲稠化剂。例如：分别将二异氰酸酯及胺分散或悬浮在基础油中，然后将两种分散体或悬浮体混合在一起并加热至约100°F-350°F直至它们形成双脲凝胶。
第一种与第二种双脲稠化剂可分别制备，然后根据需要与较多量的基础油混和在一起。另一种方法是第一种双脲稠化剂或第二种双脲稠化剂可在另一种稠化剂存在下制备。通过在第二种双脲稠化剂的分散液中制备纤维状或第一种稠化剂和然后添加附加的基础油而达到最佳效果。
例如，可通过如下步骤制备含基础油和纤维状的或第一种双脲稠化剂及第二种双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂：(1)使甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺的基础油分散体(优选甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺为等摩尔浓度)反应，直至基本所有异氰酸酯基团基本上反应形成双脲稠化剂；(2)将脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺分散在步骤(1)的反应产物中；(3)然后将甲苯二异氰酸酯添加到步骤(2)的分散体中(步骤2和3中优选采用等摩尔量的甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺和烷基苯基胺)并在现场使其反应直至所有异氰酸酯基团基本上反应形成纤维状双脲稠化剂。
纤维状的或第一种双脲稠化剂与第二种双脲稠化剂的重量比为1∶1-19∶1是有利的，优选为2∶1-9∶1。
在任何情况下，双脲混合物需搅拌至聚脲润滑脂具有所要求的稠度。在100°F -350°F剪切下搅拌之前或之后，该双脲稠化剂可用基础油或流体稀释至约含2-15％(重量)的双脲。
然后可添加任何常规添加剂，如另一种稠化剂、极压添加剂、抗氧化剂、防锈剂、粘度指数改性剂等。
实施例1
将100.8份(重量)甲苯二异氰酸酯在4320份(重量)的粘度为750赛波特通用秒(SUS)的基础油中的分散体加热至120°F，缓慢地添加57.6份(重量)环己基胺，随后添加152.4份(重量)牛脂胺，温度保持在120°F-135°F直至所有甲苯二异氰酸酯基本参加反应(红外光谱不再出现2270cm-1峰)。然后借助搅拌在120°F-135°F下添加2586份(重量)粘度为750赛波特通用秒的基础油、219.6份(重量)对甲苯胺和614.4份(重量)牛脂胺，形成一种胺在第一种双脲基础油稠化的组合物中的均匀分散体。于温度保持在120°F-135°F期间缓慢地添加409份(重量)甲苯二异氰酸酯。在温度升至310°F-320°F后，加入1800份(重量)粘度为750赛波特通用秒的基础油、1200份(重量)CaCO3、360份(重量)经亚硝酸钠处理过的白土、60份(重量)烷基化的二苯基胺及120份(重量)MoS2，形成了一种优良的纤维状双脲润滑脂。
将该纤维状润滑脂与钡基纤维状润滑脂进行对照试验，试验结果列于下表I中。
                   表I试验方法              ASTM方法  纤维状聚脲   钡基密度(磅/加仑)                      7.78      7.76锥入度@77°F          D-217剪切60次                           278       275剪切10000次后(变化)                346(+68)  321(+46)剪切100000次后(变化)               372(+94)  380(+105)未扰动(变化)                         320(+42)  370(+95)
                                 @24小时   @24小时剪切100000次                         340(+62)  375(+100)W/10％水(变化)Bethlehem Steel测试                  330(+52)  液流测试60X(变化)滚筒安定性(变化)            D-1831   330(+52)  300(+25)防锈性                      D-1743   合格      失败滴点，°F                   D-2265   580       411抗水淋性能，@176°F，％     D-1264   13.8      19.7贮存分油性能，％分油量      D-1742   0.2       0.01基础油特性粘度@40°cst                D-445    146.6     146.6粘度@100°cst               D-445    11.64     11.64粘度指数                    D-2270   51        51Lincoln排气计量             D-4049@74°F                               250psi    300psi@0°F                                1800psi   1800psi防铜腐蚀性能                D-4048   1B        1B低温转矩-滚动轴承，牛·米   D-4693   21.0      24.0防磨损侵蚀性能，磨损量毫克  D-4170   2.3       7.6

Claims (14)

1.含基础油和由甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物组成的纤维状双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂。
2.根据权利要求1的润滑脂，其中纤维状双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的摩尔比为9∶1至1∶9。
3.根据权利要求1的润滑脂，其中纤维状双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的摩尔比为2∶3至3∶2，烷基苯基胺是C1-C4烷基苯基胺。
4.根据权利要求3的润滑脂，其中脂肪脂族胺是至少选自牛脂胺、氢化牛脂胺和油基胺中的一种胺。
5.含基础油和由甲苯二异氰酸酯、脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的反应产物组成的第一种双脲稠化剂和由甲苯二异氰酸酯、环己基胺与脂肪脂族胺的反应产物组成的第二种双脲稠化剂的纤维状润滑脂。
6.根据权利要求5的润滑剂，其中第一种双脲稠化剂与第二种双脲稠化剂的重量比为1∶1至19∶1。
7.根据权利要求6的润滑脂，其中第一种双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的摩尔比为9∶1至1∶9，第二种双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与环烷基胺的摩尔比也为9∶1至1∶9。
8.根据权利要求7的润滑脂，其中第一种双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺的摩尔比为2∶3至3∶2，烷基苯基胺是C1-C4的烷基苯基胺。
9.根据权利要求8的润滑脂，其中第二种双脲稠化剂中脂肪脂族胺与环烷基胺的摩尔比为2∶3至3∶2，环烷基胺包括环己基胺。
10.根据权利要求9的润滑脂，其中第一种双脲稠化剂和第二种双脲稠化剂中的脂肪脂族胺包括至少选自牛脂胺、氢化牛脂胺及油基胺中的一种胺。
11.根据权利要求10的润滑脂，其中第一种双脲稠化剂反应产物中烷基苯基胺、脂肪脂族胺、甲苯二异氰酸酯大体上是等摩尔浓度的，第二种双脲稠化剂的反应产物中环己基胺、脂肪脂族胺和甲苯二异氰酸酯大体上也是等摩尔浓度的。
12.制备含基础油和纤维状双脲或第一种双脲稠化剂与第二种双脲稠化剂的纤维状双脲润滑脂的方法包括下列步骤：(1)使甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺与脂肪脂族胺的基础油分散体进行反应，直至所有的异氰酸酯基团已基本上反应生成双脲稠化剂为止；(2)将脂肪脂族胺与烷基苯基胺分散在步骤(1)的反应产物中；(3)向步骤(2)分散体添加甲苯二异氰酸酯并反应至所有异氰酸酯基团基本上现场反应生成纤维状稠化剂。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(1)生成的双脲稠化剂与现场生成的纤维状双脲稠化剂的重量比为1∶1-1∶19。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中在步骤(1)中甲苯二异氰酸酯、环烷基胺和脂肪脂族胺的用量基本上为等摩尔浓度，在步骤(2)和步骤(3)中，甲苯二异氰酸酯、烷基苯基胺和脂肪脂族胺的用量基本上也为等摩尔浓度。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN1307295C (zh) * 2002-07-01 2007-03-28 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于柴油驱动发动机的润滑油和柴油驱动发动机的操作方法
CN100471936C (zh) * 2003-02-20 2009-03-25 切夫里昂美国公司 低噪润滑脂胶凝剂及其制备方法和应用
CN1303340C (zh) * 2003-03-31 2007-03-07 住友重机械工业株式会社 摆动内啮合型行星齿轮装置

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NO974334D0 (no) 1997-09-19
ES2201172T3 (es) 2004-03-16
US5523009A (en) 1996-06-04
CN1069919C (zh) 2001-08-22
EP0819158A1 (en) 1998-01-21
KR19980703149A (ko) 1998-10-15
EP0819158A4 (en) 1999-03-17
JP3791928B2 (ja) 2006-06-28
DE69628741D1 (de) 2003-07-24
JPH11503771A (ja) 1999-03-30
KR100348581B1 (ko) 2002-09-18
EP0819158B1 (en) 2003-06-18
AU4923996A (en) 1996-10-08
BR9607906A (pt) 1998-06-09
MX9707193A (es) 1998-02-28
AU694325B2 (en) 1998-07-16
DE69628741T2 (de) 2004-04-08
WO1996029380A1 (en) 1996-09-26

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